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  • 1
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    Unexpected molecular and morphological diversity of hemichordate larvae from the Neotropics
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Invertebrate Biology Vol. 138, No. 4 ( 2019-12)
    Details
    In: Invertebrate Biology, Wiley, Vol. 138, No. 4 ( 2019-12)
    Abstract: The diversity of tropical marine invertebrates is poorly documented, especially those groups for which collecting adults is difficult. We collected the planktonic tornaria larvae of hemichordates (acorn worms) to assess their hidden diversity in the Neotropics. Larvae were retrieved in plankton tows from waters of the Pacific and Caribbean coasts of Panama, followed by DNA barcoding of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I ( COI ) and 16S ribosomal DNA to estimate their diversity in the region. With moderate sampling efforts, we discovered six operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the Bay of Panama on the Pacific coast, in contrast to the single species previously recorded for the entire Tropical Eastern Pacific. We found eight OTUs in Bocas del Toro province on the Caribbean coast, compared to seven species documented from adults in the entire Caribbean. All OTUs differed from each other and from named acorn worm sequences in GenBank by 〉 10% pairwise distance in COI and 〉 2% in 16S . Two of our OTUs matched 16S hemichordate sequences in GenBank: one was an unidentified or unnamed Balanoglossus from the Caribbean of Panama, and the other was an unidentified ptychoderid larva from the Bahamas. The species accumulation curves suggest that nearly all the species have been collected and only one more species might still remain undetected in the Pacific. In contrast, the Caribbean species accumulation curve suggests that further sampling could yield more than 10 additional OTUs. Tornaria from the 14 OTUs exhibited typical planktotrophic morphologies, and, in some cases, may be distinguished by differences in pigmentation and by the number of telotrochal ciliary bands, but in general, few diagnostic differences were detected.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1077-8306 , 1744-7410
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/ivb.v138.4
    DOI: 10.1111/ivb.12273
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2092932-8
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  • 2
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    DNA barcoding of echinopluteus larvae uncovers cryptic diversity in neotropical echinoids
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Invertebrate Biology Vol. 139, No. 2 ( 2020-06)
    Details
    In: Invertebrate Biology, Wiley, Vol. 139, No. 2 ( 2020-06)
    Abstract: Surveys of larval diversity consistently increase biodiversity estimates when applied to poorly documented groups of marine invertebrates such as phoronids and hemichordates. However, it remains to be seen how helpful this approach is for detecting unsampled species in well‐studied groups. Echinoids represent a large, robust, well‐studied macrofauna, with low diversity and low incidence of cryptic species, making them an ideal test case for the efficacy of larval barcoding to discover diversity in such groups. We developed a reference dataset of DNA barcodes for the shallow‐water adult echinoids from both coasts of Panama and compared them to DNA sequences obtained from larvae collected primarily on the Caribbean coast of Panama. We sequenced mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I ( COI ) for 43 species of adult sea urchins to expand the number and coverage of sequences available in GenBank. Sequences were successfully obtained for COI and 16S ribosomal DNA from 272 larvae and assigned to 17 operational taxonomic units (OTUs): 4 from the Pacific coast of Panama, where larvae were not sampled as intensively, and 13 from the Caribbean coast. Of these 17 OTUs, 13 were identified from comparisons with our adult sequences and belonged to species well documented in these regions. Another larva was identified from comparisons with unpublished sequences in the Barcode of Life Database (BOLD) as belonging to Pseudoboletia , a genus scarcely known in the Caribbean and previously unreported in Panama. Three OTUs remained unidentified. Based on larval morphology, at least two of these OTUs appeared to be spatangoids, which are difficult to collect and whose presence often goes undetected in standard surveys of benthic diversity. Despite its ability to capture unanticipated diversity, larval sampling failed to collect some species that are locally common along the Caribbean coast of Panama, such as Leodia sexiesperforata , Diadema antillarum , and Clypeaster rosaceus .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1077-8306 , 1744-7410
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/ivb.v139.2
    DOI: 10.1111/ivb.12292
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2092932-8
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  • 3
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    Diversity and genetic connectivity of heteropod (Pterotracheoidea) gastropods in the Tropical Eastern Pacific
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Invertebrate Biology Vol. 142, No. 1 ( 2023-03)
    Details
    In: Invertebrate Biology, Wiley, Vol. 142, No. 1 ( 2023-03)
    Abstract: Investigaciones previas enfocadas en gasterópodos pelágicos en mar abierto han demostrado que muchas morfoespecies se componen de múltiples clados distintos o especies crípticas que se pueden distinguir con datos de secuencia de ADN. Hasta la fecha, la diversidad genética de la fauna de gasterópodos pelágicos del Pacífico Oriental Tropical, especialmente en aguas costeras poco profundas, permanece en gran parte sin explorar. Para documentar la diversidad de pterotraqueoides (anteriormente heterópodos) de las aguas costeras de la Bahía de Panamá, recolectamos, fotografiamos y secuenciamos fragmentos de la subunidad I (COI) del citocromo c oxidasa mitocondrial y el ADN ribosomal 16S de 60 atlántidos, 3 carináridos y 6 pterotraqueidos. Además del código de barras COI, nuestros resultados incluyen las primeras secuencias de 16S publicadas para estos grupos. Encontramos 11 unidades taxonómicas operativas (UTO), 9 en el género Atlanta , 1 Carinaria y 1 Firoloida . Reportamos la presencia de Atlanta oligogyra (clados A y B), Atlanta turriculata , Atlanta lesueurii , Atlanta helicinoidea (Clade B), Atlanta plana , Atlanta echinogryra , Atlanta inflata y Atlanta frontieri mediante comparaciones de nuestras secuencias con secuencias publicadas previamente. No encontramos Atlanta gaudichaudi , Atlanta inclinata , Atlanta tokiokai , Atlanta gibbosa , Atlanta peronii ni Oxygyrus inflatus , que han sido reportadas previamente en la región. Las redes de haplotipos y las estimaciones de F ST ilustran cómo algunas especies muestran diferenciación poblacional en la región tropical del Indo‐Pacífico, mientras que otras muestran poca estructura poblacional aparente. Por ejemplo, los haplotipos más comunes de A . inflata y de A . turriculata se encuentran en el océano Índico, el Pacífico central/occidental y el Pacífico oriental tropical, mientras que A . frontieri del océano Índico no comparte haplotipos con individuos de A . frontieri del Océano Pacífico. Los análisis estuvieron limitados por el tamaño de las muestras, pero estos datos sugieren que los enfoques de genética de poblaciones pueden ser útiles para reconstruir las historias de población de estos componentes importantes, pero pasados por alto, del plancton.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1077-8306 , 1744-7410
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/ivb.v142.1
    DOI: 10.1111/ivb.12395
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2092932-8
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    How I wonder what you are: Can DNA barcoding identify the larval asteroids of Panama?
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Invertebrate Biology Vol. 139, No. 4 ( 2020-12)
    Details
    In: Invertebrate Biology, Wiley, Vol. 139, No. 4 ( 2020-12)
    Abstract: As part of a project to document the diversity of larval invertebrates on both coasts of Panama, we collected and photographed 141 larval asteroids and sequenced fragments of their mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I ( COI ) and 16S ribosomal DNA. We uncovered 10 Caribbean operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and five Pacific OTUs. We could identify six of the 15 OTUs based on 〉 99% similarity with reference sequences in GenBank: The Pacific species Astropecten verrilli and Pentaceraster cumingi and the Caribbean species Astropecten marginatus , Astropecten antillensis , Oreaster reticulatus , and Mithrodia clavigera . Two other OTUs were placed in BINs in the Barcode of Life Database (BOLD) with unpublished sequences that were identified as Pharia pyramidata from the Pacific and Valvaster striatus , now known from the Caribbean as well as the Indo‐West Pacific. The remaining seven species appear likely to belong to Luidia , as 16S sequences from each have 87%–95% identity with various species of Luidia , and the sequences nest among species of Luidia in neighbor‐joining trees. The low diversity of asteroid larvae reflects ~10% of the diversity of adult sea stars reported from Panama, and highlights the need for broader collection efforts and improved coverage of DNA barcode reference sequences for Luidia and other soft‐bottom species.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1077-8306 , 1744-7410
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/ivb.v139.4
    DOI: 10.1111/ivb.12303
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2092932-8
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  • 5
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    Documenting neotropical diversity of phoronids with DNA barcoding of planktonic larvae
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Invertebrate Biology Vol. 138, No. 2 ( 2019-06)
    Details
    In: Invertebrate Biology, Wiley, Vol. 138, No. 2 ( 2019-06)
    Abstract: Phoronid larvae, actinotrochs, are beautiful and complicated organisms which have attracted as much, if not more, attention than their adult forms. We collected actinotrochs from the waters of the Pacific and Caribbean coasts of Panama, and used DNA barcoding of mt COI , as well as 16S and 18S sequences, to estimate the diversity of phoronids in the region. We discovered three operational taxonomic units ( OTU s) in the Bay of Panama on the Pacific coast and four OTU s in Bocas del Toro on the Caribbean coast. Not only did all OTU s differ from each other by 〉 10% pairwise distance in COI , but they also differed from all phoronid sequences in GenBank, including the four species for which adults have been reported for the Pacific of Panama, Phoronopsis harmeri , Phoronis psammophila , Phoronis muelleri , and Phoronis hippocrepia . In each ocean region, one common OTU was more abundant and occurred more frequently than other OTU s in our samples. The other five OTU s were relatively rare, with only one to three individuals collected during the entire project. Species accumulation curves were relatively flat but suggest that at least one more species is likely to be present at each site. Actinotrochs from the seven sequenced OTU s had morphologies typical of species with non‐brooded planktotrophic development and, in some cases, may be distinguished by differences in pigmentation and the arrangement of blood masses. We found one larva with morphology typical of brooded planktotrophic larvae for which sequencing failed, bringing the total number of potential species detected to eight and representing 〉 50% of the adult species currently recognized globally.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1077-8306 , 1744-7410
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/ivb.2019.138.issue-2
    DOI: 10.1111/ivb.12242
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2092932-8
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  • 6
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    Sampling multiple life stages significantly increases estimates of marine biodiversity
    The Royal Society ; 2022
    In:  Biology Letters Vol. 18, No. 4 ( 2022-04)
    Details
    In: Biology Letters, The Royal Society, Vol. 18, No. 4 ( 2022-04)
    Abstract: Biodiversity assessments are critical for setting conservation priorities, understanding ecosystem function and establishing a baseline to monitor change. Surveys of marine biodiversity that rely almost entirely on sampling adult organisms underestimate diversity because they tend to be limited to habitat types and individuals that can be easily surveyed. Many marine animals have planktonic larvae that can be sampled from the water column at shallow depths. This life stage often is overlooked in surveys but can be used to relatively rapidly document diversity, especially for the many species that are rare or live cryptically as adults. Using DNA barcode data from samples of nemertean worms collected in three biogeographical regions—Northeastern Pacific, the Caribbean Sea and Eastern Tropical Pacific—we found that most species were collected as either benthic adults or planktonic larvae but seldom in both stages. Randomization tests show that this deficit of operational taxonomic units collected as both adults and larvae is extremely unlikely if larvae and adults were drawn from the same pool of species. This effect persists even in well-studied faunas. These results suggest that sampling planktonic larvae offers access to a different subset of species and thus significantly increases estimates of biodiversity compared to sampling adults alone. Spanish abstract is available in the electronic supplementary material.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1744-957X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2021.0596
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2103283-X
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  • 7
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    World Travelers: DNA Barcoding Unmasks the Origin of Cloning Asteroid Larvae from the Caribbean
    University of Chicago Press ; 2020
    In:  The Biological Bulletin Vol. 239, No. 2 ( 2020-10-01), p. 73-79
    Details
    In: The Biological Bulletin, University of Chicago Press, Vol. 239, No. 2 ( 2020-10-01), p. 73-79
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0006-3185 , 1939-8697
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1086/710796
    Language: English
    Publisher: University of Chicago Press
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2056482-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3022817-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1268-3
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21,3
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  • 8
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    Knots, spoons, and cloches: DNA barcoding unusual larval forms helps document the diversity of Neotropical marine annelids
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Invertebrate Biology Vol. 140, No. 2 ( 2021-06)
    Details
    In: Invertebrate Biology, Wiley, Vol. 140, No. 2 ( 2021-06)
    Abstract: The morphological diversity of marine annelid larvae is stunning. Although many of the larval forms have been categorized as trochophores or modified trochophores, there are a few groups with distinctive larval features that make them easy to distinguish from other annelid larvae. We collected 252 annelid larvae from the plankton, with particular emphasis on oweniids, polygordiids, and thalassematids (i.e., echiurans) and sequenced fragments of their cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and 16S ribosomal RNA genes. We found six oweniid, five polygordiid, and eight thalassematid OTUs. Thalassematids were found only in samples from the Pacific, and oweniids were found only in Caribbean samples. Among the oweniids we found two distinct morphotypes, one with a narrow, cloche shape and another that had a wider and more rectangular shape with clearly developed lappets. Among the polygordiids, we identified one larva as Polygordius eschaturus and several larvae as Polygordius jenniferae . All larvae, except for the P. eschaturus , which was at a stage too early to make a determination, were endolarvae. Among the thalassematids, we identified larvae of Ochetostoma edax and found seven unidentified OTUs. Finally, 150 miscellaneous polychaete larvae were sequenced, representing ~76 OTUs. Four rostraria larvae from the Caribbean, whose sequences confirm the long‐held assumption that they are amphinomids, could not be identified to species. In total only 5% of these OTUs could be identified to species with known sequences, and most could not be identified to genus or even family with reasonable certainty. It is clear that this poor coverage in the reference databases will limit metabarcoding efforts to document numbers of OTUs, and that DNA barcodes will be of limited use for identifying neotropical marine annelids until reference databases have improved their coverage of this group.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1077-8306 , 1744-7410
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/ivb.v140.2
    DOI: 10.1111/ivb.12311
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2092932-8
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  • 9
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    Planktotrophic Brachiopod Larvae from the Pacific and Caribbean of Panama
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Diversity Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2018-12-26), p. 2-
    Details
    In: Diversity, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2018-12-26), p. 2-
    Abstract: Lingulids and discinids are the only brachiopods that exhibit life histories that include a feeding planktonic stage usually referred to as a “larva”. We collected planktotrophic brachiopod larvae from the Pacific and Caribbean coasts of Panama and took a DNA barcoding approach with mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), mitochondrial ribosomal 16S, and nuclear ribosomal 18S genes to identify those larvae and to estimate their diversity in the region. We observed specimens from both coasts with distinct morphologies typical of lingulid and discinid larvae. COI and 16S were sequenced successfully for the lingulid larvae but failed consistently for all discinid larvae. 18S was sequenced successfully for larvae from both families. Sequence data from each gene revealed one lingulid operational taxonomic unit (OTU) from Bocas del Toro on the Caribbean coast, and one lingulid OTU from the Bay of Panama on the Pacific coast. These OTUs differed by 〉 20% for COI, 〉 10% for 16S and ~0.5% for 18S. Both OTUs clustered with GenBank sequences of Glottidia species, the only genus of lingulids in the Americas, but were distinct from G. pyramidata the only species reported for the Caribbean. Analysis of 18S sequence data for discinid larvae recovered 2 OTUs, one exclusively from the Pacific and one with a mixture of Pacific and Caribbean larvae. The 18S marker does not provide enough resolution to distinguish between species, and comparisons with GenBank sequences suggest that one OTU includes Pelagodiscus species, while the other may include Discradisca species. When compared with other marine invertebrates, our surveys of brachiopod larvae through DNA barcoding show relatively low levels of diversity for Panama.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-2818
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/d11010002
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518137-3
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