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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    BMP-2 Variants in Breast Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and Microcalcifications Origin
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Cells Vol. 9, No. 6 ( 2020-06-02), p. 1381-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 6 ( 2020-06-02), p. 1381-
    Abstract: This study aims to investigate the possible different roles of the BMP-2 variants, cytoplasmic and nuclear variant, in both epithelial to mesenchymal transition and in microcalcifications origin in human breast cancers. To this end, the in situ expression of cytoplasmic and nuclear BMP-2 was associated with the expression of the main epithelial to mesenchymal transition biomarkers (e-cadherin and vimentin) and molecules involved in bone metabolisms (RUNX2, RANKL, SDF-1) by immunohistochemistry. In addition, the expression of cytoplasmic and nuclear BMP-2 was associated with the presence of microcalcifications. Our data showed a significant association among the number of cytoplasmic BMP-2-positive cells and the number of both vimentin (positive association) and e-cadherin (negative association) positive breast cells. Conversely, no associations were found concerning the nuclear BMP-2-positive breast cells. Surprisingly, the opposite result was obtained by analyzing the variants of BMP-2 and both the expression of RANKL and SDF-1 and the presence of microcalcifications. Specifically, the presence of microcalcifications was related to the expression of nuclear BMP-2 variant rather than the cytoplasmic one, as well as a strong association between the number of nuclear BMP-2 and the expression of the main breast osteoblast-like cells (BOLCs) biomarkers. To further corroborate these data, an in vitro experiment for demonstrating the co-expression of nBMP-2 and RANKL or vimentin or SDF-1 in breast cancer cells that acquire the capability to produce microcalcifications was developed. These investigations confirmed the association between the nBMP-2 expression and both RANKL and SDF-1. The data supports the idea that whilst cytoplasmic BMP-2 can be involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition phenomenon, the nuclear variant is related to the essential mechanisms for the formation of breast microcalcifications. In conclusion, from these experimental and translational perspectives, the complexity of BMP-2 signaling will require a detailed understanding of the involvement of specific BMP-2 variants in breast cancers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells9061381
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661518-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
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    Chronic Kidney Disease Is Linked to Carotid Nodular Calcification, An Unstable Plaque Not Correlated to Inflammation
    Aging and Disease ; 2019
    In:  Aging and disease Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2019), p. 71-
    Details
    In: Aging and disease, Aging and Disease, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2019), p. 71-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2152-5250
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.14336/AD.2018.0117
    Language: English
    Publisher: Aging and Disease
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2625789-0
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  • 3
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    Effects of Risk Factors on In Situ Expression of Proinflammatory Markers Correlated to Carotid Plaque Instability
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2021
    In:  Applied Immunohistochemistry & Molecular Morphology Vol. 29, No. 10 ( 2021-11), p. 741-749
    Details
    In: Applied Immunohistochemistry & Molecular Morphology, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 29, No. 10 ( 2021-11), p. 741-749
    Abstract: Several studies demonstrated a role of active chronic inflammatory infiltrate in carotid plaques progression suggesting a possible link between cardiovascular risk factors and inflammation-related plaque instability. The aim of this study is therefore to evaluate the possible effects of cardiovascular risk factors on in situ expression of proinflammatory markers associated with carotid plaque instability. Methods and Results: A tissue microarray containing carotid plaques from 36 symptomatic (major stroke or transient ischemic attack) and 37 asymptomatic patients was built. Serial sections were employed to evaluate the expression of some inflammatory markers by immunohistochemistry [CD3, CD4a, CD8, CD20, CD86, CD163, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-17]. Immunohistochemical data were analyzed to study the possible associations between in situ expression of inflammatory biomarker and the main cardiovascular risk factors. Our data demonstrated that plaque instability is associated with the high in situ expression of some cytokines, such as IL-2, IL-6, IL-17. Besides the female sex, none of the risk factors analyzed showed a significant association between the in situ expression of these markers and unstable plaques. A significant increase of IL-6-positive and IL-17-positive cells was observed in unstable atheromatous plaques of female patients, as compared with unstable plaques of male patients. Conclusions: Plaque destabilization is certainly correlated with the presence of the major cardiovascular risk factors, however, our results showed that, with the exception of sex, their action in the evolutive process of plaque instability seems rather nonspecific, favoring a general release of proinflammatory cytokines.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1541-2016
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1097/PAI.0000000000000947
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052398-1
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    PD-L1 in immune-escape of breast and prostate cancers: from biology to therapy
    Future Medicine Ltd ; 2017
    In:  Future Oncology Vol. 13, No. 24 ( 2017-10), p. 2129-2131
    Details
    In: Future Oncology, Future Medicine Ltd, Vol. 13, No. 24 ( 2017-10), p. 2129-2131
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1479-6694 , 1744-8301
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0278
    Language: English
    Publisher: Future Medicine Ltd
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 5
    Online Resource
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    High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Increases the Risk of Carotid Plaque Instability in Male Dyslipidemic Patients
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Diagnostics Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2021-11-15), p. 2117-
    Details
    In: Diagnostics, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2021-11-15), p. 2117-
    Abstract: Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate how the high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) values influence the risk of carotid plaque instability in association with other cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: One hundred and fifty-six carotid plaques from both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients requiring surgical carotid endarterectomy were retrospectively collected. According to the modified American Heart Association, atherosclerosis plaques have been histologically distinguished into unstable and stable. The following anamnestic and hematochemical data were also considered: age, gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking habit, therapy, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-C, kidney failure and hs-CRP. Results: The results of our study clearly show that high levels of hs-CRP significantly increase the carotid plaque instability in dyslipidemic patients. Specifically, a 67% increase of the risk of carotid plaque instability was observed in patients with high LDL-C. Therefore, the highest risk was observed in male dyslipidemic patients 2333 (95% CI 0.73–7.48) and in aged female patients 2713 (95% CI 0.14–53.27). Discussion: These data strongly suggest a biological relationship between the hs-CRP values and the alteration of lipidic metabolism mostly in male patients affected by carotid atherosclerosis. The measurement of hs-CRP might be useful as a potential screening tool in the prevention of atheroscletotic disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4418
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11112117
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662336-5
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    18F–Choline PET/CT Identifies High-Grade Prostate Cancer Lesions Expressing Bone Biomarkers
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 8, No. 10 ( 2019-10-11), p. 1657-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 10 ( 2019-10-11), p. 1657-
    Abstract: The main aim of this study was to investigate the possible association between 18F–choline uptake and histopathological features of prostate biopsies such as the Gleason Group and the expression of both epithelial to mesenchymal transition (vimentin) and bone mineralization (bone morphogenetics protein (BMP)-2, runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), vitamin D receptor (VDR), and pentraxin 3 (PTX3) in situ biomarkers. To this end, we enrolled 79 consecutive prostate cancer patients that underwent both the 18F–choline PET/CT analysis and the prostate bioptic procedure. The standardized uptake value (SUV) average values were collected from 18F–choline PET/CT analysis whereas Gleason Group and immunostaining data were collected from paraffin-embedded sections. Histological classification showed a heterogenous population including both low/intermediate and high-grade prostate cancers. A significant increase of 18F–choline uptake in high-grade prostate lesions (Gleason Score ≥8) was found. Also, linear regression analysis showed a significant correlation between 18F–choline uptake and the number of vimentin, RANKL, VDR, or PTX3 positive prostate cancer cells. Conversely, we observed no significant association between 18F–choline uptake and the expression of bone biomarkers involved in the early phases of osteoblast differentiation (BMP-2, RUNX2). In conclusion, results here reported can lay the foundation for the use of 18F–choline positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) as a diagnostic tool capable of identifying high-grade prostate cancer lesions expressing bone biomarkers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101657
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
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    [99mTc]Sestamibi SPECT Can Predict Proliferation Index, Angiogenesis, and Vascular Invasion in Parathyroid Patients: A Retrospective Study
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 9, No. 7 ( 2020-07-13), p. 2213-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 7 ( 2020-07-13), p. 2213-
    Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible association among sestamibi uptake and the main histopathological characteristics of parathyroid lesions related to aggressiveness such as the proliferation index (Ki67 expression and mitosis), angiogenesis (number of vessels), and vascular invasion in hyperparathyroidism patients. To this end, 26 patients affected by primary hyperparathyroidism subjected to both scintigraphy with [99mTc]Sestamibi and surgery/bioptic procedure were retrospectively enrolled. Hyperfunctioning of the parathyroid was detected in 19 patients. Our data showed a significant positive association among the sestamibi uptake and the proliferation index histologically evaluated both in terms of the number of Ki67 positive cells and mitosis. According to these data, lesions with a higher valuer of L/N (lesion to nonlesion ratio) frequently showed several vessels in tumor areas and histological evidence of vascular invasion. It is noteworthy that among patients with negative scintigraphy, 2 patients showed a neoplastic lesion after surgery (histological analysis). However, it is important to highlight that these lesions displayed very low proliferation indexes, which was evaluated in terms of number of both mitosis and Ki67-positive cells, some/rare vessels in the main lesion, and no evidence of vascular invasion. In conclusion, data obtained on patients with positive or negative scintigraphy support the hypothesis that sestamibi can be a tracer that is capable of predicting some biological characteristics of parathyroid tumors such as angiogenesis, proliferation indexes, and the invasion of surrounding tissues or vessels.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072213
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Imaging Diagnostics and Pathology in SARS-CoV-2-Related Diseases
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 18 ( 2020-09-22), p. 6960-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 18 ( 2020-09-22), p. 6960-
    Abstract: In December 2019, physicians reported numerous patients showing pneumonia of unknown origin in the Chinese region of Wuhan. Following the spreading of the infection over the world, The World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020 declared the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak a global pandemic. The scientific community is exerting an extraordinary effort to elucidate all aspects related to SARS-CoV-2, such as the structure, ultrastructure, invasion mechanisms, replication mechanisms, or drugs for treatment, mainly through in vitro studies. Thus, the clinical in vivo data can provide a test bench for new discoveries in the field of SARS-CoV-2, finding new solutions to fight the current pandemic. During this dramatic situation, the normal scientific protocols for the development of new diagnostic procedures or drugs are frequently not completely applied in order to speed up these processes. In this context, interdisciplinarity is fundamental. Specifically, a great contribution can be provided by the association and interpretation of data derived from medical disciplines based on the study of images, such as radiology, nuclear medicine, and pathology. Therefore, here, we highlighted the most recent histopathological and imaging data concerning the SARS-CoV-2 infection in lung and other human organs such as the kidney, heart, and vascular system. In addition, we evaluated the possible matches among data of radiology, nuclear medicine, and pathology departments in order to support the intense scientific work to address the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. In this regard, the development of artificial intelligence algorithms that are capable of correlating these clinical data with the new scientific discoveries concerning SARS-CoV-2 might be the keystone to get out of the pandemic.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186960
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    [99mTc]Tc-Sestamibi Bioaccumulation Can Induce Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells: Molecular and Clinical Perspectives
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2021-03-18), p. 2733-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2021-03-18), p. 2733-
    Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of [99mTc]Tc-Sestamibi in the regulation of cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis. To this end, the in vivo values of [99mTc] Tc-Sestamibi uptake have been associated with the in-situ expression of both Ki67 and caspase-3. For in vitro investigations, BT-474 cells were incubated with three different concentrations of [99mTc]Tc-Sestamibi: 10 µg/mL, 1 µg/mL, and 0.1 µg/mL. Expression of caspase-3 and Ki67, as well as the ultrastructure of cancer cells, was evaluated at T0 and after 24, 48, 72, and 120 h after [99mTc] Tc-Sestamibi incubation. Ex vivo data strengthened the known association between sestamibi uptake and Ki67 expression. Linear regression analysis showed a significant association between sestamibi uptake and the number of apoptotic cells evaluated as caspase-3-positive breast cancer cells. As concerning the in vitro data, a significant decrease of the proliferation index was observed in breast cancer cells incubated with a high concentration of [99mTc]Tc-Sestamibi (10 µg/mL). Amazingly, a significant increase in caspase-3-positive cells in cultures incubated with 10 µg/mL [99mTc] Tc-Sestamibi was observed. This study suggested the possible role of sestamibi in the regulation of pathophysiological processes involved in breast cancer.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app11062733
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 10
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    Erratum to “Prostate Osteoblast-Like Cells: A Reliable Prognostic Marker of Bone Metastasis in Prostate Cancer Patients”
    Hindawi Limited ; 2019
    In:  Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging Vol. 2019 ( 2019-03-11), p. 1-1
    Details
    In: Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2019 ( 2019-03-11), p. 1-1
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1555-4309 , 1555-4317
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2019/7843735
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2222967-X
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