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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The impact of rain events on CO2 emissions from contrasting land use systems in semi-arid West African savannas
    Elsevier BV ; 2019
    In:  Science of The Total Environment Vol. 647 ( 2019-01), p. 1478-1489
    Details
    In: Science of The Total Environment, Elsevier BV, Vol. 647 ( 2019-01), p. 1478-1489
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0048-9697
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.397
    RVK:
    AR 10100
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498726-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 121506-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
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    Publisher Correction: Seasonal forecasts offer economic benefit for hydrological decision making in semi-arid regions
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2021-08-19)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2021-08-19)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96668-y
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2615211-3
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  • 3
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    Global Horizontal Irradiance in West Africa: Evaluation of the WRF-Solar Model in Convection-Permitting Mode with Ground Measurements
    American Meteorological Society ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology Vol. 62, No. 7 ( 2023-07), p. 835-851
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 62, No. 7 ( 2023-07), p. 835-851
    Abstract: The number of solar power plants has increased in West Africa in recent years. Reliable reanalysis data and short-term forecasting of solar irradiance from numerical weather prediction models could provide an economic advantage for the planning and operation of solar power plants, especially in data-poor regions such as West Africa. This study presents a detailed assessment of different shortwave (SW) radiation schemes from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model option Solar (WRF-Solar), with appropriate configurations for different atmospheric conditions in Ghana and the southern part of Burkina Faso. We applied two 1-way nested domains (D1 = 15 km and D2 = 3 km) to investigate four different SW schemes, namely, the Community Atmosphere Model, Dudhia, RRTMG, Goddard, and RRTMG without aerosol and with aerosol inputs (RRTMG_AERO). The simulation results were validated using hourly measurements from different automatic weather stations established in the study region in recent years. The results show that the RRTMG_AERO_D01 generally outperforms the other SW radiation schemes to simulate global horizontal irradiance under all-sky condition [RMSE = 235 W m −2 (19%); MAE = 172 W m −2 (14%)] and also under cloudy skies. Moreover, RRTMG_AERO_D01 shows the best performance on a seasonal scale. Both the RRTMG_AERO and Dudhia experiments indicate a good performance under clear skies. However, the sensitivity study of different SW radiation schemes in the WRF-Solar model suggests that RRTMG_AERO gives better results. Therefore, it is recommended that it be used for solar irradiance forecasts over Ghana and the southern part of Burkina Faso.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1558-8424 , 1558-8432
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JAMC-D-22-0186.1
    RVK:
    UA 4547
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2227779-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2227759-6
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  • 4
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    Feedback of observed interannual vegetation change: a regional climate model analysis for the West African monsoon
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2017
    In:  Climate Dynamics Vol. 48, No. 9-10 ( 2017-5), p. 2837-2858
    Details
    In: Climate Dynamics, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 48, No. 9-10 ( 2017-5), p. 2837-2858
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0930-7575 , 1432-0894
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00382-016-3237-x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 382992-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1471747-5
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 5
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    Atmospheric circulation patterns that trigger heavy rainfall in West Africa
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Climatology Vol. 42, No. 12 ( 2022-10), p. 6515-6536
    Details
    In: International Journal of Climatology, Wiley, Vol. 42, No. 12 ( 2022-10), p. 6515-6536
    Abstract: Classification of atmospheric circulation patterns (CP) is a common tool for downscaling rainfall, but it is rarely used for West Africa. In this study, a two‐step classification procedure is proposed for this region, which is applied from 1989 to 2010 for the Sudan‐Sahel zone (Central Burkina Faso) with a focus on heavy rainfall. The approach is based on a classification of large‐scale atmospheric CPs (e.g., Saharan Heat Low) of the West African Monsoon using a fuzzy rule‐based method to describe the seasonal rainfall variability. The wettest CPs are further classified using meso‐scale monsoon patterns to better describe the daily rainfall variability during the monsoon period. A comprehensive predictor screening for the seasonal classification indicates that the best performing predictor variables (e.g., surface pressure, meridional moisture fluxes) are closely related to the main processes of the West African Monsoon. In the second classification step, the stream function at 700 hPa for identifying troughs and ridges of tropical waves shows the highest performance, providing an added value to the overall performance of the classification. Thus, the new approach can better distinguish between dry and wet CPs during the rainy season. Moreover, CPs are identified that are of high relevance for daily heavy rainfall in the study area. The two wettest CPs caused roughly half of the extremes on about 6.5% of days. Both wettest patterns are characterized by an intensified Saharan Heat Low and a cyclonic rotation near the study area, indicating a tropical wave trough. Since the classification can be used to condition other statistical approaches used in climate sciences and other disciplines, the presented classification approach opens many different applications for the West African Monsoon region.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0899-8418 , 1097-0088
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.v42.12
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.7613
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1491204-1
    SSG: 14
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Numerical Simulation of Surface Energy and Water Balances over a Semiarid Grassland Ecosystem in the West African Savanna
    Hindawi Limited ; 2017
    In:  Advances in Meteorology Vol. 2017 ( 2017), p. 1-11
    Details
    In: Advances in Meteorology, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2017 ( 2017), p. 1-11
    Abstract: To understand surface energy exchange processes over the semiarid regions in West Africa, numerical simulations of surface energy and water balances were carried out using a one-dimensional multilayer atmosphere-SOil-VEGetation (SOLVEG) model for selected days of the dry and rainy seasons over a savanna grassland ecosystem in Sumbrungu in the Upper East region of Ghana. The measured Bowen ratio was used to partition the residual energy into the observed sensible heat flux ( H ) and latent heat flux (LE) in order to investigate the impact of the surface energy closure on model performance. The results showed that the model overall reproduced the diurnal changes in the observed energy fluxes, especially the net radiation (Rn), compared to half-hourly eddy covariance flux measurements, for the study periods. The performance measure in terms of the correlation coefficient ( R ), centred root mean square error (RMSE), and normalized standard deviation ( σ ) between the simulated H and LE and their corresponding uncorrected observed values ranged between R = 0.63–0.99 and 0.83–0.94, RMSE = 0.88–1.25 and 0.88–1.92, and σ = 0.95–2.23 and 0.13–2.82 for the dry and rainy periods respectively, indicating a moderate to good model performance. The partitioning of H and LE by SOLVEG was generally in agreement with the observations during the dry period but showed clear discrepancies during the rainy period, particularly after rainfall events. Further sensitivity tests over longer simulation periods (e.g., 1 year) are required to improve model performance and to investigate seasonal exchanges of surface energy fluxes over the West African Savanna ecosystems in more details.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1687-9309 , 1687-9317
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2017/6258180
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2486777-9
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The WASCAL high-resolution regional climate simulation ensemble for West Africa: concept, dissemination and assessment
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2018
    In:  Earth System Science Data Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2018-04-23), p. 815-835
    Details
    In: Earth System Science Data, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2018-04-23), p. 815-835
    Abstract: Abstract. Climate change and constant population growth pose severe challenges to 21st century rural Africa. Within the framework of the West African Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use (WASCAL), an ensemble of high-resolution regional climate change scenarios for the greater West African region is provided to support the development of effective adaptation and mitigation measures. This contribution presents the overall concept of the WASCAL regional climate simulations, as well as detailed information on the experimental design, and provides information on the format and dissemination of the available data. All data are made available to the public at the CERA long-term archive of the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ) with a subset available at the PANGAEA Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science portal (https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.880512). A brief assessment of the data are presented to provide guidance for future users. Regional climate projections are generated at high (12 km) and intermediate (60 km) resolution using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF). The simulations cover the validation period 1980–2010 and the two future periods 2020–2050 and 2070–2100. A brief comparison to observations and two climate change scenarios from the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) initiative is presented to provide guidance on the data set to future users and to assess their climate change signal. Under the RCP4.5 (Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5) scenario, the results suggest an increase in temperature by 1.5 ∘C at the coast of Guinea and by up to 3 ∘C in the northern Sahel by the end of the 21st century, in line with existing climate projections for the region. They also project an increase in precipitation by up to 300 mm per year along the coast of Guinea, by up to 150 mm per year in the Soudano region adjacent in the north and almost no change in precipitation in the Sahel. This stands in contrast to existing regional climate projections, which predict increasingly drier conditions. The high spatial and temporal resolution of the data, the extensive list of output variables, the large computational domain and the long time periods covered make this data set a unique resource for follow-up analyses and impact modelling studies over the greater West African region. The comprehensive documentation and standardisation of the data facilitate and encourage their use within and outside of the WASCAL community.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1866-3516
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/essd-10-815-2018
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2475469-9
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  • 8
    Online Resource
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    Potential impacts of climate change on the sudan-sahel region in West Africa – Insights from Burkina Faso
    Elsevier BV ; 2024
    In:  Environmental Challenges Vol. 15 ( 2024-04), p. 100860-
    Details
    In: Environmental Challenges, Elsevier BV, Vol. 15 ( 2024-04), p. 100860-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2667-0100
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2024.100860
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2024
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Towards a historical precipitation database for West Africa: Overview, quality control and harmonization
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Climatology Vol. 42, No. 7 ( 2022-06-15), p. 4001-4023
    Details
    In: International Journal of Climatology, Wiley, Vol. 42, No. 7 ( 2022-06-15), p. 4001-4023
    Abstract: Reliable long‐term observations from precipitation stations are often required for climatological studies but are strongly limited in many regions of the world. To improve this limitation for West Africa, we compiled daily and monthly observations from more than 20 national, continental and global databases, to establish a historical precipitation archive with a focus on four countries (Burkina Faso, Ghana, Benin and Togo). The new archive contains long‐term daily and monthly precipitation measurements from 1819 to 2013 for more than 1,000 sites. It is, therefore, the most comprehensive historical dataset with daily and monthly precipitation observations for this region. To produce a quality‐controlled and harmonized precipitation dataset for the focal region, various statistical algorithms have been implemented. These algorithms rely on straightforward geostatistical approaches (e.g., spatial correlograms) and corresponding statistical tests for identification and elimination of unreliable time series, in addition to various standard approaches used by global data centers. Although the quality control revealed various data errors and uncertainties for measurements and meta‐information (e.g., unit conversion errors, temporal offsets, frequent and long data gaps), a spatial interpolation using the quality‐controlled and harmonized dataset produced relatively reliable precipitation patterns for different target variables (e.g., monthly precipitation amount and daily precipitation probability). A major remaining challenge is providing free access to this database for research and other noncommercial purposes, due to national data protection regulations. However, several further tasks have been initiated and implemented (e.g., free provision of gridded precipitation datasets and point statistics) to improve the access and availability of station‐based precipitation observations and related data products for this climatologically challenging region.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0899-8418 , 1097-0088
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.v42.7
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.7467
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1491204-1
    SSG: 14
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Seasonal forecasts offer economic benefit for hydrological decision making in semi-arid regions
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2021-05-19)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2021-05-19)
    Abstract: Increasing frequencies of droughts require proactive preparedness, particularly in semi-arid regions. As forecasting of such hydrometeorological extremes several months ahead allows for necessary climate proofing, we assess the potential economic value of the seasonal forecasting system SEAS5 for decision making in water management. For seven drought-prone regions analyzed in America, Africa, and Asia, the relative frequency of drought months significantly increased from 10 to 30% between 1981 and 2018. We demonstrate that seasonal forecast-based action for droughts achieves potential economic savings up to 70% of those from optimal early action. For very warm months and droughts, savings of at least 20% occur even for forecast horizons of several months. Our in-depth analysis for the Upper-Atbara dam in Sudan reveals avoidable losses of 16 Mio US$ in one example year for early-action based drought reservoir operation. These findings stress the advantage and necessity of considering seasonal forecasts in hydrological decision making.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89564-y
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2615211-3
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