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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wave Extremes in the Northeast Atlantic from Ensemble Forecasts
    American Meteorological Society ; 2013
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 26, No. 19 ( 2013-10-01), p. 7525-7540
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 26, No. 19 ( 2013-10-01), p. 7525-7540
    Abstract: A method for estimating return values from ensembles of forecasts at advanced lead times is presented. Return values of significant wave height in the northeast Atlantic, the Norwegian Sea, and the North Sea are computed from archived +240-h forecasts of the ECMWF Ensemble Prediction System (EPS) from 1999 to 2009. Three assumptions are made: First, each forecast is representative of a 6-h interval and collectively the dataset is then comparable to a time period of 226 years. Second, the model climate matches the observed distribution, which is confirmed by comparing with buoy data. Third, the ensemble members are sufficiently uncorrelated to be considered independent realizations of the model climate. Anomaly correlations of 0.20 are found, but peak events ( & gt;P97) are entirely uncorrelated. By comparing return values from individual members with return values of subsamples of the dataset it is also found that the estimates follow the same distribution and appear unaffected by correlations in the ensemble. The annual mean and variance over the 11-yr archived period exhibit no significant departures from stationarity compared with a recent reforecast; that is, there is no spurious trend because of model upgrades. The EPS yields significantly higher return values than the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) and ECMWF Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) and is in good agreement with the high-resolution 10-km Norwegian Reanalyses (NORA10) hindcast, except in the lee of unresolved islands where EPS overestimates and in enclosed seas where it has low bias. Confidence intervals are half the width of those found for ERA-Interim because of the magnitude of the dataset.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00738.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2013
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Modeling Whitecap Fraction with a Wave Model
    American Meteorological Society ; 2016
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography Vol. 46, No. 3 ( 2016-03), p. 887-894
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 46, No. 3 ( 2016-03), p. 887-894
    Abstract: High-resolution measurements of actively breaking whitecap fraction ( W FA ) and total whitecap fraction ( W FT ) from the Knorr11 field experiment in the Atlantic Ocean are compared with estimates of whitecap fraction modeled from the dissipation source term of the ECMWF wave model. The results reveal a strong linear relationship between model results and observed measurements. This indicates that the wave model dissipation is an accurate estimate of total whitecap fraction. The study also reveals that the dissipation source term is more closely related to W FA than W FT , which includes the additional contribution from maturing (stage B) whitecaps.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3670 , 1520-0485
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JPO-D-15-0158.1
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2042184-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 184162-2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Marine Wind and Wave Height Trends at Different ERA-Interim Forecast Ranges
    American Meteorological Society ; 2015
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 28, No. 2 ( 2015-01-15), p. 819-837
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 28, No. 2 ( 2015-01-15), p. 819-837
    Abstract: Trends in marine wind speed and significant wave height are investigated using the global reanalysis ERA-Interim over the period 1979–2012, based on monthly-mean and monthly-maximum data. Besides the traditional reanalysis, the authors include trends obtained at different forecast range, available up to 10 days ahead. Any model biases that are corrected differently over time are likely to introduce spurious trends of variable magnitude. However, at increased forecast range the model tends to relax, being less affected by assimilation. Still, there is a trade-off between removing the impact of data assimilation at longer forecast range and getting a lower level of uncertainty in the predictions at shorter forecast range. Because of the sheer amount of assimilations made in ERA-Interim, directly and indirectly affecting the data, it is difficult, if not impossible, to distinguish effects imposed by all updates. Here, special emphasis is put on the introduction of wave altimeter data in August 1991, the only type of data directly affecting the wave field. From this, it is shown that areas of higher model bias introduce quite different trends depending on forecast range, most apparent in the North Atlantic and eastern tropical Pacific. Results are compared with 23 in situ measurements, Envisat altimeter winds, and two stand-alone ECMWF operational wave model (EC-WAM) runs with and without wave altimeter assimilation. Here, the 48-h forecast is suggested to be a better candidate for trend estimates of wave height, mainly due to the step change imposed by altimeter observations. Even though wind speed seems less affected by undesirable step changes, the authors believe that the 24–48-h forecast more effectively filters out any unwanted effects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00470.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Global Stokes Drift Climate under the RCP8.5 Scenario
    American Meteorological Society ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 32, No. 6 ( 2019-03-15), p. 1677-1691
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 32, No. 6 ( 2019-03-15), p. 1677-1691
    Abstract: The future Stokes drift climate is investigated using a global wave climate projection (2071–2100) forced with EC-EARTH winds under the RCP8.5 scenario. The future climate run is compared against a historical run (1976–2005). The Stokes drift climate is analyzed in terms of Stokes transport and surface Stokes drift. The impact on Stokes drift from changes to the wind, wind sea, and swell climate is identified. The consequences for upper-ocean mixing and circulation are studied by investigating the turbulent Langmuir number and the Stokes depth. The historical climate run is also compared to a hindcast with ERA-Interim forcing. Systematic discrepancies due to differences in resolution and model physics are identified, but no fundamental weaknesses are uncovered that should adversely affect the future run. As the surface Stokes drift is largely dictated by high-frequency waves, it is to a great degree controlled by changes to the local wind field, whereas the Stokes transport is more sensitive to swell. Both are expected to increase in the Southern Ocean by about 15%, while the North Atlantic sees a decrease of about 10%. The Stokes depth and the turbulent Langmuir number are set to change by about ±20% and ±10%, respectively. The changes to the Stokes depth suggest a deeper impact of the Coriolis–Stokes force in the Southern Ocean and a decrease in the northern extratropics. Changes to the KPP Langmuir-enhancement factor suggests potentially increased mixing in the Southern Ocean and a reduction in the North Atlantic and the North Pacific.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0435.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The “shallow-waterness” of the wave climate in European coastal regions
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2017
    In:  Ocean Science Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2017-07-20), p. 589-597
    Details
    In: Ocean Science, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2017-07-20), p. 589-597
    Abstract: Abstract. In contrast to deep water waves, shallow water waves are influenced by bottom topography, which has consequences for the propagation of wave energy as well as for the energy and momentum exchange between the waves and the mean flow. The ERA-Interim reanalysis is used to assess the fraction of wave energy associated with shallow water waves in coastal regions in Europe. We show maps of the distribution of this fraction as well as time series statistics from eight selected stations. There is a strong seasonal dependence and high values are typically associated with winter storms, indicating that shallow water wave effects can occasionally be important even in the deeper parts of the shelf seas otherwise dominated by deep water waves.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1812-0792
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/os-13-589-2017
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2183769-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A high-resolution hindcast of wind and waves for the North Sea, the Norwegian Sea, and the Barents Sea
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2011
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 116, No. C5 ( 2011-05-26)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 116, No. C5 ( 2011-05-26)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2010JC006402
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033040-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094104-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2130824-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016813-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016810-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403298-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016800-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161666-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161667-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161665-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094268-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 710256-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016804-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094181-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094219-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094167-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2220777-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094197-0
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of wave-induced forcing on a circulation model of the North Sea
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2017
    In:  Ocean Dynamics Vol. 67, No. 1 ( 2017-1), p. 81-101
    Details
    In: Ocean Dynamics, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 67, No. 1 ( 2017-1), p. 81-101
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1616-7341 , 1616-7228
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s10236-016-1009-0
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2063267-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 201122-0
    SSG: 14
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sea-state contributions to sea-level variability in the European Seas
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2020
    In:  Ocean Dynamics Vol. 70, No. 12 ( 2020-12), p. 1547-1569
    Details
    In: Ocean Dynamics, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 70, No. 12 ( 2020-12), p. 1547-1569
    Abstract: The contribution of sea-state-induced processes to sea-level variability is investigated through ocean-wave coupled simulations. These experiments are performed with a high-resolution configuration of the Geestacht COAstal model SysTem (GCOAST), implemented in the Northeast Atlantic, the North Sea and the Baltic Sea which are considered as connected basins. The GCOAST system accounts for wave-ocean interactions and the ocean circulation relies on the NEMO (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean) ocean model, while ocean-wave simulations are performed using the spectral wave model WAM. The objective is to demonstrate the contribution of wave-induced processes to sea level at different temporal and spatial scales of variability. When comparing the ocean-wave coupled experiment with in situ data, a significant reduction of the errors (up to 40 % in the North Sea) is observed, compared with the reference. Spectral analysis shows that the reduction of the errors is mainly due to an improved representation of sea-level variability at temporal scales up to 12 h. Investigating the representation of sea-level extremes in the experiments, significant contributions ( 〉  20 % ) due to wave-induced processes are observed both over continental shelf areas and in the Atlantic, associated with different patterns of variability. Sensitivity experiments to the impact of the different wave-induced processes show a major impact of wave-modified surface stress over the shelf areas in the North Sea and in the Baltic Sea. In the Atlantic, the signature of wave-induced processes is driven by the interaction of wave-modified momentum flux and turbulent mixing, and it shows its impact to the occurrence of mesoscale features of the ocean circulation. Wave-induced energy fluxes also have a role (10 % ) in the modulation of surge at the shelf break.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1616-7341 , 1616-7228
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s10236-020-01404-1
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2063267-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 201122-0
    SSG: 14
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Correction to: Sea-state contributions to sea-level variability in the European Seas
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  Ocean Dynamics Vol. 71, No. 2 ( 2021-02), p. 279-279
    Details
    In: Ocean Dynamics, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 71, No. 2 ( 2021-02), p. 279-279
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1616-7341 , 1616-7228
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s10236-020-01434-9
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2063267-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 201122-0
    SSG: 14
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Surface wave effects on water temperature in the Baltic Sea: simulations with the coupled NEMO-WAM model
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2016
    In:  Ocean Dynamics Vol. 66, No. 8 ( 2016-8), p. 917-930
    Details
    In: Ocean Dynamics, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 66, No. 8 ( 2016-8), p. 917-930
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1616-7341 , 1616-7228
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s10236-016-0963-x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2063267-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 201122-0
    SSG: 14
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