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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A New Electrode Design for Direct Bladder Wall Stimulation: A Pilot Minipig Study with Chronic Testing
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2022-01-22), p. 1149-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2022-01-22), p. 1149-
    Abstract: (1) Aims: To test a newly designed helical-wire hook electrode implanted in the bladder wall to induce contraction and promote voiding. (2) Methods: In three minipigs with a created lesion of the sacral spinal cord, four electrodes were implanted in the bladder wall, ventral to the trigone. Stimulation tests were conducted initially in conscious pigs, and later after general anesthesia. (3) Results: Electrical stimulation in the conscious animals on postoperative days 4 and 7 at 40 Hz was limited to 10 mA, because of abdominal, leg, and anal contractions with animal discomfort; bladder contractions were not induced. Electrical stimulation on postoperative days 9 and 28 at 60 mA under anesthesia induced sustained vesical wall contractions with bladder pressure variations, but without voiding. Simultaneous abdominal contractions occurred, with strong leg and anal contractions. Subsequent stimulation with a single set of electrodes or at 20 Hz induced less vesical pressure response. At autopsy, the electrodes had not migrated, and extraction forces were high, at 7.9 ± 0.9 Newtons (n = 12). (4) Conclusions: Our 28-day study has confirmed the utility of the new electrode design, preventing migration from the bladder wall and making it suitable for long-term electrode implants.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app12031149
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 2
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    Long Noncoding RNA NEAT1 as a Potential Candidate Biomarker for Prostate Cancer
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Life Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2021-04-06), p. 320-
    Details
    In: Life, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2021-04-06), p. 320-
    Abstract: Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality in men worldwide, mainly due to unsatisfactory diagnostic methods used at present, which lead to overdiagnosis, unnecessary biopsies and treatment, or misdiagnosis in early asymptomatic stages. New diagnostic biomarkers are needed for a correct and early diagnosis. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been broadly studied for their involvement in PCa biology, as well as for their potential role as diagnostic biomarkers. Methods: We conducted lncRNA profiling in plasma and microdissected formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues of PCa patients and attempted validation for commonly dysregulated individual lncRNAs. Results: Plasma profiling revealed eight dysregulated lncRNAs, while microarray analysis revealed 717 significantly dysregulated lncRNAs, out of which only nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) was commonly upregulated in plasma samples and FFPE tissues. NEAT1’s individual validation revealed statistically significant upregulation (FC = 2.101, p = 0.009). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.7298 for NEAT1 (95% CI = 0.5812–0.8785), suggesting a relatively high diagnostic value, thus having a potential biomarker role for this malignancy. Conclusions: We present herein data suggesting that NEAT1 could serve as a diagnostic biomarker for PCa. Additional studies of larger cohorts are needed to confirm our findings, as well as the oncogenic mechanism of NEAT1 in the development of PCa.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-1729
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/life11040320
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662250-6
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  • 3
    Online Resource
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    A Retrospective Analysis of the Challenges of Urothelial Cancer Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic at a Single Academic Center in Romania
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Healthcare Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2023-03-09), p. 812-
    Details
    In: Healthcare, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2023-03-09), p. 812-
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic caused major changes in the healthcare sector due to adaptations required to hospitalize and treat an impressive number of patients. This retrospective study intended to collect reliable information on urothelial cancer patients in Romania. The primary objective was to compare the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods to observe the differences that occurred in the management of patients with urothelial carcinoma. The secondary objective was to determine the risk factors for urothelial cancer progression in the study cohort correlated with the COVID-19 pandemic. All patients that were diagnosed and treated at our clinic with a diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma (transitional cell carcinoma) during 2019–2021 were included in the current study. A total of 1122 eligible unique cases were identified during the study period. The number of patients who underwent intervention in the pre-pandemic year was 421, followed by a 22.6% decrease in 2020 to 326 cases and a 13.1% increase in 2021 to 375 cases. The proportion of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) cases was significantly higher during the pandemic years, from 30.5% MIBC cases in 2019 to 37.4% in 2020 and 39.4% in 2021, suggesting a delay in presentations during the pandemic. Stage III and IV (TNM) cases were significantly more frequent, even though approximately 40% of all patients were operated on in stage I. The number of cystectomies increased significantly, from 5.2% in 2019 and 4.3% in 2020 to 10.1% in 2021, while the number of elective surgeries decreased, although no significant difference was observed regarding the in-hospital mortality and disease progression at six months. Patients with stage III and IV at presentation had the highest likelihood of disease progression at six months (HR = 5.61). Distant invasion was the second highest risk factor (HR = 5.13), followed by MIBC type (HR = 2.49). Nevertheless, the duration of hospitalization and year of diagnosis during the COVID-19 pandemic were not significant risk factors for cancer progression at six months. It can be concluded that there was a significant delay in patient presentations in 2020, and we advocate for increased public health awareness for urothelial cancer and increased attention toward the screening and management of these patients in the following years.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9032
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11060812
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2721009-1
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  • 4
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    Contemporary Biomarkers for Renal Transplantation: A Narrative Overview
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Personalized Medicine Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2023-07-31), p. 1216-
    Details
    In: Journal of Personalized Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2023-07-31), p. 1216-
    Abstract: Renal transplantation (RT) is the preferred treatment for end-stage renal disease. However, clinical challenges persist, i.e., early detection of graft dysfunction, timely identification of rejection episodes, personalization of immunosuppressive therapy, and prediction of long-term graft survival. Biomarkers have emerged as valuable tools to address these challenges and revolutionize RT patient care. Our review synthesizes the existing scientific literature to highlight promising biomarkers, their biological characteristics, and their potential roles in enhancing clinical decision-making and patient outcomes. Emerging non-invasive biomarkers seemingly provide valuable insights into the immunopathology of nephron injury and allograft rejection. Moreover, we analyzed biomarkers with intra-nephron specificities, i.e., glomerular vs. tubular (proximal vs. distal), which can localize an injury in different nephron areas. Additionally, this paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the potential clinical applications of biomarkers in the prediction, detection, differential diagnosis and assessment of post-RT non-surgical allograft complications. Lastly, we focus on the pursuit of immune tolerance biomarkers, which aims to reclassify transplant recipients based on immune risk thresholds, guide personalized immunosuppression strategies, and ultimately identify patients for whom immunosuppression may safely be reduced. Further research, validation, standardization, and prospective studies are necessary to fully harness the clinical utility of RT biomarkers and guide the development of targeted therapies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4426
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jpm13081216
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662248-8
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rats, Neuregulins and Radical Prostatectomy: A Conceptual Overview
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2023-03-13), p. 2208-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2023-03-13), p. 2208-
    Abstract: In the contemporary era of early detection, with mostly curative initial treatment for prostate cancer (PC), mortality rates have significantly diminished. In addition, mean age at initial PC diagnosis has decreased. Despite technical advancements, the probability of erectile function (EF) recovery post radical prostatectomy (RP) has not significantly changed throughout the last decade. Due to virtually unavoidable intraoperative cavernous nerve (CN) lesions and operations with younger patients, post-RP erectile dysfunction (ED) has now begun affecting these younger patients. To address this pervasive limitation, a plethora of CN lesion animal model investigations have analyzed the use of systemic/local treatments for EF recovery post-RP. Most promisingly, neuregulins (NRGs) have demonstrated neurotrophic effects in both neurodegenerative disease and peripheral nerve injury models. Recently, glial growth factor 2 (GGF2) has demonstrated far superior, dose-dependent, neuroprotective/restorative effects in the CN injury rat model, as compared to previous therapeutic counterparts. Although potentially impactful, these initial findings remain limited and under-investigated. In an effort to aid clinicians, our paper reviews post-RP ED pathogenesis and currently available therapeutic tools. To stimulate further experimentation, a standardized preparation protocol and in-depth analysis of applications for the CN injury rat model is provided. Lastly, we report on NRGs, such as GGF2, and their potentially revolutionary clinical applications, in hopes of identifying relevant future research directions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062208
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Evaluating Established Roles, Future Perspectives and Methodological Heterogeneity for Wilms’ Tumor 1 (WT1) Antigen Detection in Adult Renal Cell Carcinoma, Using a Novel N-Terminus Targeted Antibody (Clone WT49)
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Biomedicines Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2022-04-15), p. 912-
    Details
    In: Biomedicines, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2022-04-15), p. 912-
    Abstract: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is arguably the deadliest form of genitourinary malignancy and is nowadays viewed as a heterogeneous series of cancers, with the same origin but fundamentally different metabolisms and clinical behaviors. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is increasingly necessary for RCC subtyping and definitive diagnosis. WT1 is a complex gene involved in carcinogenesis. To address reporting heterogeneity and WT1 IHC standardization, we used a recent N-terminus targeted monoclonal antibody (clone WT49) to evaluate WT1 protein expression in 56 adult RCC (aRCC) cases. This is the largest WT1 IHC investigation focusing exclusively on aRCCs and the first report on clone WT49 staining in aRCCs. We found seven (12.5%) positive cases, all clear cell RCCs, showing exclusively nuclear staining for WT1. We did not disregard cytoplasmic staining in any of the negative cases. Extratumoral fibroblasts, connecting tubules and intratumoral endothelial cells showed the same exclusively nuclear WT1 staining pattern. We reviewed WT1 expression patterns in aRCCs and the possible explanatory underlying metabolomics. For now, WT1 protein expression in aRCCs is insufficiently investigated, with significant discrepancies in the little data reported. Emerging WT1-targeted RCC immunotherapy will require adequate case selection and sustained efforts to standardize the quantification of tumor-associated antigens for aRCC and its many subtypes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9059
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040912
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720867-9
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Contemporary Clinical Definitions, Differential Diagnosis, and Novel Predictive Tools for Renal Cell Carcinoma
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Biomedicines Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2022-11-14), p. 2926-
    Details
    In: Biomedicines, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2022-11-14), p. 2926-
    Abstract: Despite significant progress regarding clinical detection/imaging evaluation modalities and genetic/molecular characterization of pathogenesis, advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains an incurable disease and overall RCC mortality has been steadily rising for decades. Concomitantly, clinical definitions have been greatly nuanced and refined. RCCs are currently viewed as a heterogeneous series of cancers, with the same anatomical origin, but fundamentally different metabolisms and clinical behaviors. Thus, RCC pathological diagnosis/subtyping guidelines have become increasingly intricate and cumbersome, routinely requiring ancillary studies, mainly immunohistochemistry. Meanwhile, RCC-associated-antigen targeted systemic therapy has been greatly diversified and emerging, novel clinical applications for RCC immunotherapy have already reported significant survival benefits, at least in the adjuvant setting. Even so, systemically disseminated RCCs still associate very poor clinical outcomes, with currently available therapeutic modalities only being able to prolong survival. In lack of a definitive cure for advanced RCCs, integration of the amounting scientific knowledge regarding RCC pathogenesis into RCC clinical management has been paramount for improving patient outcomes. The current review aims to offer an integrative perspective regarding contemporary RCC clinical definitions, proper RCC clinical work-up at initial diagnosis (semiology and multimodal imaging), RCC pathological evaluation, differential diagnosis/subtyping protocols, and novel clinical tools for RCC screening, risk stratification and therapeutic response prediction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9059
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112926
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720867-9
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Potential Diagnostic Biomarker Detection for Prostate Cancer Using Untargeted and Targeted Metabolomic Profiling
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Current Issues in Molecular Biology Vol. 45, No. 6 ( 2023-06-08), p. 5036-5051
    Details
    In: Current Issues in Molecular Biology, MDPI AG, Vol. 45, No. 6 ( 2023-06-08), p. 5036-5051
    Abstract: Prostate cancer (PCa) remains one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in men worldwide, currently lacking specific, early detection and staging biomarkers. In this regard, modern research focuses efforts on the discovery of novel molecules that could represent potential future non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of PCa, as well as therapeutic targets. Mounting evidence shows that cancer cells express an altered metabolism in their early stages, making metabolomics a promising tool for the discovery of altered pathways and potential biomarker molecules. In this study, we first performed untargeted metabolomic profiling on 48 PCa plasma samples and 23 healthy controls using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-[ESI+]-MS) for the discovery of metabolites with altered profiles. Secondly, we selected five molecules (L-proline, L-tryptophan, acetylcarnitine, lysophosphatidylcholine C18:2 and spermine) for the downstream targeted metabolomics and found out that all the molecules, regardless of the PCa stage, were decreased in the PCa plasma samples when compared to the controls, making them potential biomarkers for PCa detection. Moreover, spermine, acetylcarnitine and L-tryptophan had very high diagnostic accuracy, with AUC values of 0.992, 0.923 and 0.981, respectively. Consistent with other literature findings, these altered metabolites could represent future specific and non-invasive candidate biomarkers for PCa detection, which opens novel horizons in the field of metabolomics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1467-3045
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cimb45060320
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2090836-2
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Analysis of Tumor Depth Invasion With Anti-Smoothelin Antibody in Equivocal Transurethral Resection of Urinary Bladder Tumor Surgical Specimens
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Surgical Pathology Vol. 29, No. 1 ( 2021-02), p. 54-63
    Details
    In: International Journal of Surgical Pathology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 29, No. 1 ( 2021-02), p. 54-63
    Abstract: To examine the expression and value of the smoothelin marker in control cases, to standardize the working method, and to analyze its application in pathologic staging process of problematic transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) cases. Material and Methods Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed on tumor-free bladder wall sections, tumor-free large bowel sections, TURBTs with unequivocal tumor stage, and TURBTs with equivocal stage. The IHC staining of muscularis mucosa (MM), muscularis propria (MP), and blood vessels was evaluated semiquantitatively. Results Smoothelin IHC staining pattern ranged from negative (30% to 67% cases) to 2+ (0% to 15% cases) in MM and from 1+ (10% to 50% cases) to 3+ (9% to 48% cases) in MP. When compared on the same slide, the smoothelin expression of MP showed a stronger staining intensity than the one of the MM in all the analyzed cases. Blood vessel muscle cells stained in a constant intensity as the MM ( r = 0.9808; r = 0.9604). Smoothelin determined restaging of 33% of the problematic TURBT cases. Conclusion Smoothelin is an IHC marker that shows differential staining between coexistent MM and MP; however, variations in staining intensity and pattern may occur, aspects that can be influenced by different technique variables. We recommend using this marker as a diagnostic tool in problematic TURBT cases only when there is sufficient experience in control cases with this antibody.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1066-8969 , 1940-2465
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1066896920967762
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2070102-0
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  • 10
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    Does previous open surgical experience have any influence on robotic surgery simulation exercises?
    Termedia Sp. z.o.o. ; 2017
    In:  Videosurgery and Other Miniinvasive Techniques Vol. 4 ( 2017), p. 366-371
    Details
    In: Videosurgery and Other Miniinvasive Techniques, Termedia Sp. z.o.o., Vol. 4 ( 2017), p. 366-371
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1895-4588
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5114/wiitm.2017.72320
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Termedia Sp. z.o.o.
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2596147-0
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