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  • Bao, Kai  (3)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Proteomic Characterization of the Oral Pathogen Filifactor alocis Reveals Key Inter-Protein Interactions of Its RTX Toxin: FtxA
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Pathogens Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2022-05-17), p. 590-
    Details
    In: Pathogens, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2022-05-17), p. 590-
    Abstract: Filifactor alocis is a Gram-positive asaccharolytic, obligate anaerobic rod that has been isolated from a variety of oral infections including periodontitis, peri-implantitis, and odontogenic abscesses. As a newly emerging pathogen, its type strain has been investigated for pathogenic properties, yet little is known about its virulence variations among strains. We previously screened the whole genome of nine clinical oral isolates and a reference strain of F. alocis, and they expressed a novel RTX toxin, FtxA. In the present study, we aimed to use label-free quantification proteomics to characterize the full proteome of those ten F. alocis strains. A total of 872 proteins were quantified, and 97 among them were differentially expressed in FtxA-positive strains compared with the negative strains. In addition, 44 of these differentially expressed proteins formed 66 pairs of associations based on their predicted functions, which included clusters of proteins with DNA repair/mediated transformation and catalytic activity-related function, indicating different biosynthetic activities among strains. FtxA displayed specific interactions with another six intracellular proteins, forming a functional cluster that could discriminate between FtxA-producing and non-producing strains. Among them were FtxB and FtxD, predicted to be encoded by the same operon as FtxA. While revealing the broader qualitative and quantitative proteomic landscape of F. alocis, this study also sheds light on the deeper functional inter-relationships of FtxA, thus placing this RTX family member into context as a major virulence factor of this species.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-0817
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050590
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2695572-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Extracellular Vesicle Subproteome Differences among Filifactor alocis Clinical Isolates
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Microorganisms Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2022-09-13), p. 1826-
    Details
    In: Microorganisms, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2022-09-13), p. 1826-
    Abstract: Filifactor alocis is a Gram-positive asaccharolytic, obligate anaerobic rod of the Firmicutes phylum, which has recently been implicated in oral infections. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial conveyors of microbial virulence in bacteria and archaea. Previously, in highly purified EVs from the F. alocis reference strain ATCC 35896 (CCUG 47790), 28 proteins were identified. The present study aimed to use label-free quantification proteomics in order to chart these EV proteins, in the reference strain, and in nine less-well-characterized clinical F. alocis isolates. In total, 25 of the EV proteins were identified and 24 were quantified. Sixteen of those were differentially expressed between the ten strains and the novel FtxA RTX toxin and one lipoprotein were among them. Consistent expression was observed among ribosomal proteins and proteins involved in L-arginine biosynthesis and type IV pilin, demonstrating a degree of EV protein expression preservation among strains. In terms of protein–protein interaction analysis, 21 functional associations were revealed between 19 EV proteins. Interestingly, FtxA did not display predicted interactions with any other EV protein. In conclusion, the present study charted 25 EV proteins in ten F. alocis strains. While most EV proteins were consistently identified among the strains, several of them were also differentially expressed, which justifies that there may be potential variations in the virulence potential among EVs of different F. alocis strains.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2607
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091826
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720891-6
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Phylogenetic Analysis of Filifactor alocis Strains Isolated from Several Oral Infections Identified a Novel RTX Toxin, FtxA
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Toxins Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2020-10-30), p. 687-
    Details
    In: Toxins, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2020-10-30), p. 687-
    Abstract: Filifactor alocis is a Gram-positive asaccharolytic, obligate anaerobic rod of the phylum Firmicutes, and is considered an emerging pathogen in various oral infections, including periodontitis. We here aimed to perform phylogenetic analysis of a genome-sequenced F. alocis type strain (ATCC 35896; CCUG 47790), as well as nine clinical oral strains that we have independently isolated and sequenced, for identification and deeper characterization of novel genomic elements of virulence in this species. We identified that 60% of the strains carried a gene encoding a hitherto unrecognized member of the large repeats-in-toxins (RTX) family, which we have designated as FtxA. The clinical infection origin of the ftxA-positive isolates largely varied. However, according to MLST, a clear monophylogeny was reveled for all ftxA-positive strains, along with a high co-occurrence of lactate dehydrogenase (ldh)-positivity. Cloning and expression of ftxA in E. coli, and purification of soluble FtxA yielded a protein of the predicted molecular size of approximately 250 kDa. Additional functional and proteomics analyses using both the recombinant protein and the ftxA-positive, and -negative isolates may reveal a possible role and mechanism(s) of FtxA in the virulence properties of F.alocis, and whether the gene might be a candidate diagnostic marker for more virulent strains.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6651
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/toxins12110687
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518395-3
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