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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Massive nitrous oxide emissions from the tropical South Pacific Ocean
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2015
    In:  Nature Geoscience Vol. 8, No. 7 ( 2015-7), p. 530-533
    Details
    In: Nature Geoscience, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 8, No. 7 ( 2015-7), p. 530-533
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1752-0894 , 1752-0908
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/ngeo2469
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2396648-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2405323-5
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 2
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    Production of oceanic nitrous oxide by ammonia-oxidizing archaea
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2012
    In:  Biogeosciences Vol. 9, No. 7 ( 2012-07-04), p. 2419-2429
    Details
    In: Biogeosciences, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 9, No. 7 ( 2012-07-04), p. 2419-2429
    Abstract: Abstract. The recent finding that microbial ammonia oxidation in the ocean is performed by archaea to a greater extent than by bacteria has drastically changed the view on oceanic nitrification. The numerical dominance of archaeal ammonia-oxidizers (AOA) over their bacterial counterparts (AOB) in large parts of the ocean leads to the hypothesis that AOA rather than AOB could be the key organisms for the oceanic production of the strong greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) that occurs as a by-product of nitrification. Very recently, enrichment cultures of marine ammonia-oxidizing archaea have been reported to produce N2O. Here, we demonstrate that archaeal ammonia monooxygenase genes (amoA) were detectable throughout the water column of the eastern tropical North Atlantic (ETNA) and eastern tropical South Pacific (ETSP) Oceans. Particularly in the ETNA, comparable patterns of abundance and expression of archaeal amoA genes and N2O co-occurred in the oxygen minimum, whereas the abundances of bacterial amoA genes were negligible. Moreover, selective inhibition of archaea in seawater incubations from the ETNA decreased the N2O production significantly. In studies with the only cultivated marine archaeal ammonia-oxidizer Nitrosopumilus maritimus SCM1, we provide the first direct evidence for N2O production in a pure culture of AOA, excluding the involvement of other microorganisms as possibly present in enrichments. N. maritimus showed high N2O production rates under low oxygen concentrations comparable to concentrations existing in the oxycline of the ETNA, whereas the N2O production from two AOB cultures was comparably low under similar conditions. Based on our findings, we hypothesize that the production of N2O in tropical ocean areas results mainly from archaeal nitrification and will be affected by the predicted decrease in dissolved oxygen in the ocean.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1726-4189
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/bg-9-2419-2012
    DOI: 10.5194/bg-9-2419-2012-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2158181-2
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Extreme N〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O accumulation in the coastal oxygen minimum zone off Peru
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2016
    In:  Biogeosciences Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2016-02-12), p. 827-840
    Details
    In: Biogeosciences, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2016-02-12), p. 827-840
    Abstract: Abstract. Depth profiles of nitrous oxide (N2O) were measured during six cruises to the upwelling area and oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) off Peru in 2009 and 2012/2013, covering both the coastal shelf region and the adjacent open ocean. N2O profiles displayed a strong sensitivity towards oxygen concentrations. Open ocean profiles with distances to the shelf break larger than the first baroclinic Rossby radius of deformation showed a transition from a broad maximum close to the Equator to a double-peak structure south of 5° S where the oxygen minimum was more pronounced. Maximum N2O concentrations in the open ocean were about 80 nM. A linear relationship between ΔN2O and apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) could be found for measurements within the upper oxycline, with a slope similar to studies in other oceanic regions. In contrast, N2O profiles close to the shelf revealed a much higher variability, and N2O concentrations higher than 100 nM were often observed. The highest N2O concentration measured at the shelf was  ∼  850 nM. Due to the extremely sharp oxygen gradients at the shelf, N2O maxima occurred in very shallow water depths of less than 50 m. In the coastal area, a linear relationship between ΔN2O and AOU could not be observed as extremely high ΔN2O values were scattered over the full range of oxygen concentrations. The data points that showed the strongest deviation from a linear ΔN2O ∕ AOU relationship also showed signals of intense nitrogen loss. These results indicate that the coastal upwelling at the Peruvian coast and the subsequent strong remineralization in the water column causes conditions that lead to extreme N2O accumulation, most likely due to the interplay of intense mixing and high rates of remineralization which lead to a rapid switching of the OMZ waters between anoxic and oxic conditions. This, in turn, could trigger incomplete denitrification or pulses of increased nitrification with extreme N2O production.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1726-4189
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/bg-13-827-2016
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2158181-2
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Low oxygen eddies in the eastern tropical North Atlantic: Implications for N2O cycling
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2017
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2017-07-06)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2017-07-06)
    Abstract: Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) is a climate relevant trace gas, and its production in the ocean generally increases under suboxic conditions. The Atlantic Ocean is well ventilated, and unlike the major oxygen minimum zones (OMZ) of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, dissolved oxygen and N 2 O concentrations in the Atlantic OMZ are relatively high and low, respectively. This study, however, demonstrates that recently discovered low oxygen eddies in the eastern tropical North Atlantic (ETNA) can produce N 2 O concentrations much higher (up to 115 nmol L −1 ) than those previously reported for the Atlantic Ocean, and which are within the range of the highest concentrations found in the open-ocean OMZs of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. N 2 O isotope and isotopomer signatures, as well as molecular genetic results, also point towards a major shift in the N 2 O cycling pathway in the core of the low oxygen eddy discussed here, and we report the first evidence for potential N 2 O cycling via the denitrification pathway in the open Atlantic Ocean. Finally, we consider the implications of low oxygen eddies for bulk, upper water column N 2 O at the regional scale, and point out the possible need for a reevaluation of how we view N 2 O cycling in the ETNA.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04745-y
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2615211-3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Author Correction: Low oxygen eddies in the eastern tropical North Atlantic: Implications for N2O cycling
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2018
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2018-03-01)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2018-03-01)
    Abstract: A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22120-3
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2615211-3
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  • 6
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    Nitrous oxide dynamics in low oxygen regions of the Pacific: insights from the MEMENTO database
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2012
    In:  Biogeosciences Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2012-12-06), p. 5007-5022
    Details
    In: Biogeosciences, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2012-12-06), p. 5007-5022
    Abstract: Abstract. The eastern tropical Pacific (ETP) is believed to be one of the largest marine sources of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). Future N2O emissions from the ETP are highly uncertain because oxygen minimum zones are expected to expand, affecting both regional production and consumption of N2O. Here we assess three primary uncertainties in how N2O may respond to changing O2 levels: (1) the relationship between N2O production and O2 (is it linear or exponential at low O2 concentrations?), (2) the cutoff point at which net N2O production switches to net N2O consumption (uncertainties in this parameterisation can lead to differences in model ETP N2O concentrations of more than 20%), and (3) the rate of net N2O consumption at low O2. Based on the MEMENTO database, which is the largest N2O dataset currently available, we find that N2O production in the ETP increases linearly rather than exponentially with decreasing O2. Additionally, net N2O consumption switches to net N2O production at ~ 10 μM O2, a value in line with recent studies that suggest consumption occurs on a larger scale than previously thought. N2O consumption is on the order of 0.01–1 mmol N2O m−3 yr−1 in the Peru-Chile Undercurrent. Based on these findings, it appears that recent studies substantially overestimated N2O production in the ETP. In light of expected deoxygenation and the higher than previously expected point at which net N2O production switches to consumption, there is enough uncertainty in future N2O production that even the sign of future changes is still unclear.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1726-4189
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/bg-9-5007-2012
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2158181-2
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