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  • 1
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    Antioxidant Status, Blood Constituents and Immune Response of Broiler Chickens Fed Two Types of Diets with or without Different Concentrations of Active Yeast
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Animals Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2022-02-12), p. 453-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2022-02-12), p. 453-
    Abstract: Probiotics, such as active yeasts, are widely used to enhance poultry production and reduce feeding costs. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and immune responses of broilers to different concentrations of active Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) when supplemented to two types of diets. A total of 216 1-day-old Arbor Acres unsexed chicks were used in a factorial design, involving two feeds (regular- versus low-density diet) and three concentrations of SC (0%, 0.02% and 0.04%). The results revealed that the low-density diet reduced the body weight and production index of broilers. The addition of SC improved the production index more than the control diet. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and eosinophils were significantly higher in response to the regular-density diet than the low-density diet; however, phagocytic activity (PA), lymphocyte and lysozyme activity (LYS) were lower. Saccharomyces cerevisiae reduced ALT, AST, malondialdehyde (MAD) and TAC more than the standard set, but improved packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hgb), red blood cells (RBCs), lymphocytes, monocytes, heterophils, phagocytic index (PI) and the immune response to Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and avian influenza (AI). In conclusion, supplementation of a regular- or low-density diet with SC at a concentration of 0.02% or 0.04% improved the antioxidant parameters, immune status and production index of broilers against stress and infectious agents.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani12040453
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 2
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    Response of two broiler strains to four feeding regimens under hot climate
    CSIRO Publishing ; 2016
    In:  Animal Production Science Vol. 56, No. 9 ( 2016), p. 1475-
    Details
    In: Animal Production Science, CSIRO Publishing, Vol. 56, No. 9 ( 2016), p. 1475-
    Abstract: In total, 392 male broilers were randomly distributed in a factorial arrangement of 2 × 4, with two commercial broiler strains (Arbor Acres (AA) and Hubbard (Hub)) and four (NRC, Degussa, CVB, and strain guides) different feeding regimens (FR), totaling eight treatments and seven replicates, with seven broilers in each one. The following parameters were evaluated: bodyweight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass yield, meat quality, nutrient intake, and its correlation with BWG. Interaction strain type × FR was significant for BWG, FI, and FCR, with the AA broilers showing higher BWG and FI and lower FCR than the Hub broilers. There was no difference in BWG, FI, and FCR of the AA broilers regardless of FR they were on, but the Hub broilers had lower BWG when they were fed according to the Degussa and CVB regimens; BWG and FCR were negatively affected. During the starter phase, BWG of the AA broilers was significantly correlated with feed, metabolisable energy (ME), lysine, and sulfur amino acids (SAA) intake. However, BWG was correlated with feed and ME intake and feed intake from 1 to 31 and from 1 to 42 days of age, respectively. In the Hub chicks, ME and crude protein intake and lysine and SAA intake were inversely correlated with BWG from 1 to 31 days and from 1 to 42 days of age, respectively. There was no significant effect of FR on dressed carcass weight or relative gizzard, pancreas, and liver weights and on intestinal weight; however, abdominal fat and spleen differed significantly with FR. Strain type significantly affected the relative weight of the intestines. There was no significant effect of FR and/or strain type on meat moisture, crude protein, lipid and ash content, or pH, colour, meat juiciness and tenderness (meat softness). In conclusion, AA strain of broiler performed better than the Hub strain under the different FR in all the evaluated production phases, but neither FR nor strain type affected carcass characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1836-0939
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1071/AN14923
    Language: English
    Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 3
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    Egg Production and Quality, Lipid Metabolites, Antioxidant Status and Immune Response of Laying Hens Fed Diets with Various Levels of Soaked Flax Seed Meal
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Agriculture Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2022-09-06), p. 1402-
    Details
    In: Agriculture, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2022-09-06), p. 1402-
    Abstract: Flax seed meal is a valuable source of fatty acids, particularly omega-3 such as alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), but its mucilage contents limit its use. This study assessed the effect of different levels of soaked flax seed meal (SFSM) on the production and health parameters in Rhode Island Red laying hens. A total of 120 hens were divided into three groups and fed diets containing 0, 6, and 12% SFSM for 10 weeks. The impact was determined based on the egg production and quality, lipid metabolites, antioxidant status, immune response, fertility, and hatchability. Diets containing up to 12% SFSM had no adverse effects on the laying rate, egg weight and mass, and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Hens supplemented with a diet containing 12% SFSM exhibited an improved egg-specific gravity, shell thickness, and yolk color. Moreover, egg albumen (%) and blood and meat spots were significantly increased. The Haugh unit score decreased substantially in chickens supplemented with a diet containing 12% SFSM. Moreover, the blood plasma and yolk lipid profiles were significantly reduced dose-dependently. The inclusion of SFSM improved the yolk lipoprotein by increasing the plasma and yolk high- density lipoprotein (HDL) and HDL/LDL (low-density lipoprotein). However, the antioxidant markers, namely, malondialdehyde (MDA), and the ratio between total antioxidants capacity (TAC)/MDA, were negatively affected in hens fed a 12% SFSM diet. Furthermore, the birds fed a 12% SFSM diet had a better immune response based on the phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, lymphocyte transformation test, lysozyme activity, and antibody titer for Newcastle disease virus. The fertility and hatchability increased significantly by 4.81 and 6.74%, respectively, when the hens were fed a diet of 12% SFSM compared with the control. In conclusion, up to 12% of SFSM in hens’ diets had no adverse effects on the productive and reproductive performances; at the same time, they improved the yolk color, plasma lipid profiles, yolk lipid profiles, and immune parameters.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0472
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agriculture12091402
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651678-0
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  • 4
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    Evaluation of the carryover effect of antibiotic, bee pollen and propolis on growth performance, carcass traits and splenic and hepatic histology of growing rabbits
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition Vol. 103, No. 3 ( 2019-05), p. 947-958
    Details
    In: Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Wiley, Vol. 103, No. 3 ( 2019-05), p. 947-958
    Abstract: Sixty‐four nulliparous female rabbits were distributed among eight groups (eight animals/group). Group one was the unsupplemented control group; the other seven groups were supplemented with zinc bacitracin (ZnB) at 100 mg, or bee pollen (BP) and/or propolis (Pro) at 150 and 300 mg in a capsulated form, three times a week, day after day, continuously all over the experimental period. The experiment was run for eight parties; at each parity, 28 kids of each doe group (a total of 224 rabbits) were divided into two subgroups weaned, respectively, at 24 and 30 days of age. Thus, for each parity, there were 16 groups (eight does treatments × two weaning age, 14 rabbits per group). The growing rabbits fed the standard diets without supplements. The growth performance, the carcass traits, the liver and the spleen histology of rabbits were checked up to 90 days of age to find possible carryover effects of the supplements. The supplements had no significant effect on most of the growth performance at 90 days of age, but BP150 and BP+Pro300 increased the growth rate in comparison with ZnB group. The liver weight in the control, BP300 and Pro300 groups was higher than the ZnB one. The spleen weight was higher in the groups ZnB, BP150, Pro300 and BP+Pro300, followed by the control, BP300 and BP+Pro150 and thus Pro150. The heart % in the BP150 and Pro300 groups was higher than ZnB and BP+Pro150 groups. A lymphoid hyperplasia of splenic white pulp was observed in the BP+Pro groups, while propolis alone showed a mild activation of lymphobiosis. The Pro and BP groups showed the same picture of the control group exhibiting a hydropic degeneration of mostly hepatic cells, while the ZnB group exhibited adverse effect on the bile ducts featuring portal periductal inflammatory cells infiltration with epithelial hyperplasia reflecting chronic cholangitis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0931-2439 , 1439-0396
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jpn.2019.103.issue-3
    DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13068
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020405-X
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    SSG: 21
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  • 5
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    Impact of phytase on improving the utilisation of pelleted broiler diets containing olive by-products
    Informa UK Limited ; 2020
    In:  Italian Journal of Animal Science Vol. 19, No. 1 ( 2020-12-14), p. 310-318
    Details
    In: Italian Journal of Animal Science, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 19, No. 1 ( 2020-12-14), p. 310-318
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1828-051X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/1828051X.2020.1740896
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2408994-1
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  • 6
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    Effect of feed form, pellet diameter and enzymes supplementation on carcass characteristics, meat quality, blood plasma constituents and stress indicators of broilers
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2014
    In:  Archives Animal Breeding Vol. 57, No. 1 ( 2014-11-14), p. 1-14
    Details
    In: Archives Animal Breeding, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 57, No. 1 ( 2014-11-14), p. 1-14
    Abstract: Abstract. Four hundred-twenty broilers were used in a factorial design (4×3) in which four feed forms (mash vs. pellet diet with diameter of 2 mm, 3 mm and 3.5 mm, respectively) and three enzymes treatments (unsupplemented, phytase, phytase+multi-enzyme) were used. Each treatment was replicated five times (7 broiler/replicate). Feed form had no effects on most of carcass traits and physical characteristics of meat, but pellet diets decreased the relative weight of gizzard and caecum length. Feeding 3.5 mm pellet diets increased abdominal fat compared to that of broilers fed mash diets. Pellet with 3 mm diameter increased and decreased respectively meat fat and moisture. Pellets with 3.5 mm diameter increased meat ash compared to broilers fed mash diet. Levels of plasma glucose and alanine aminotransferase of broilers fed 2 mm pellet, cholesterol of broilers fed 3 mm pellet and albumin/globulin ratio, monocytes and red blood cells of broilers fed 3.5 mm pellet were significantly higher than those of broilers fed mash diet. Haemoglobin, phagocytic activity, heterophils and heterophils/lymphocyte ratio were higher in groups fed mash diets and 2 mm pellet. Packed cell volume and phagocytic index were the highest in group fed mash diets. Phytase or multi-enzyme+phytase increased carcass yield, total edible parts and decreased inedible parts compared to broilers fed diet without enzyme supplementation. Enzyme supplementations significantly and similarly increased plasma glucose, total protein, triglycerides, red blood cells and phagocytic activity and decreased phagocytic index in comparison to the control group. However, phytase alone decreased cholesterol and increased monocytes by contrast with the control group. Multi-enzymes+phytase induced greater effect on white blood cells than phytase alone.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2363-9822
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.7482/0003-9438-57-030
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2235451-7
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  • 7
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    Enhancing Tolerance of Broiler Chickens to Heat Stress by Supplementation with Vitamin E, Vitamin C and/or Probiotics
    Walter de Gruyter GmbH ; 2017
    In:  Annals of Animal Science Vol. 17, No. 4 ( 2017-10-1), p. 1155-1169
    Details
    In: Annals of Animal Science, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Vol. 17, No. 4 ( 2017-10-1), p. 1155-1169
    Abstract: Heat stress is one of the major challenges which the poultry industry faces during summer in tropical and subtropical regions. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of Vitamin (Vit) E, C and/or probiotics on improving tolerance of broiler chickens to chronic heat stress (CHS). A total of 294, 1-day-old Cobb-500 broiler chicks were allocated into seven treatment groups; Thermoneutral group was raised under a thermoneutral condition during 25–42 d of age. The other six groups were raised for three successive days per week at 36±2ºC and 75–85% relative humidity for 7 h daily: heat stressed group, Vit E (100 mg/kg diet), Vit C (200 mg/kg diet), Vit C+Vit E, probiotics ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus acidophilus at 2 g/kg diet) and Vit C+Vit E+probiotics. Exposure to CHS decreased body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), and abdominal fat. It had adverse impact on feed conversion ratio (FCR), packed cell volume (PCV), monocyte, basophil, total protein, and phagocytic activity while increased plasma cholesterol and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) compared to the thermoneutral group. Vit E, Vit C or probiotics alone decreased the adverse effects of CHS on growth rate throughout the experimental period. Vit C and E were equally potent during the experimental period, but were less effective than the combination of both vitamins. Vit E increased the dressing percentage and abdominal fat as compared to the thermoneutral group, but decreased AST while increasing basophil, monocyte and globulin compared to the heat stressed group. In addition, serum albumin and AST of Vit E were lower compared to Vit C, but cholesterol was higher. Vit E increased red blood cells and white blood cells, but plasma cholesterol was increased compared with the heat stressed group. Vit C increased PCV, lymphocytes, monocyte, basophil and albumin and decreased neutrophil. Both vitamins without/with probiotic induced a further increase in basophil, serum total protein, and albumin. It could be concluded that supplementation of Vit E, Vit C, probiotics, and different combinations reduced some of the adverse effects of CHS, and Vit E+Vit C+probiotics was the most effective for economic traits followed by Vit E+Vit C or probiotics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2300-8733
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1515/aoas-2017-0012
    Language: English
    Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2709138-7
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  • 8
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    Semen quality, antioxidant status and reproductive performance of rabbits bucks fed milk thistle seeds and rosemary leaves
    Elsevier BV ; 2017
    In:  Animal Reproduction Science Vol. 184 ( 2017-09), p. 178-186
    Details
    In: Animal Reproduction Science, Elsevier BV, Vol. 184 ( 2017-09), p. 178-186
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0378-4320
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.07.014
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1495854-5
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  • 9
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    Influence of Different Time and Frequency of Multienzyme Application on the Efficiency of Broiler Chicken Rearing and Some Selected Metabolic Indicators
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Animals Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2020-03-08), p. 450-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2020-03-08), p. 450-
    Abstract: This study looks at the influence of time and/or frequency of multienzymes application on productivity, carcass characteristics, metabolic profile, and red blood cell characteristics of broiler chickens. Two hundred and eighty, one-day-old Arbor Acres broiler male chicks were randomly distributed into seven treatment groups. Each group consisted of eight replicates of five unsexed birds. The same basal diet was fed in a crumble form to all experimental groups: group one was the unsupplemented control that did not receive multienzymes supplementation. Additionally, multienzymes in water were supplemented in six groups in a factorial arrangement, including three times of application (starter time only which included days 1–21 of age, grower time only which included days 22–37 of age, and starter and grower time which included days 1–37 of age) and two application frequencies (continuously or intermittently). In the continuous application, the multienzymes were added to water over 24 h in a day, while in the intermittent frequency multienzymes were added to water for one day followed by a day off according to the time of application. Regardless of time and frequency of application, enzymes supplementation significantly increased growth rate, feed intake, European Production Index (EPI), protein digestibility, serum albumin, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Intermittent multienzymes application during days 1–21 of age or days 22–37 of age resulted in significantly greater growth, better feed conversion rate (FCR), and higher EPI of broilers during the whole rearing period than those under continuous multienzymes during different growth periods. Besides, intermittent multienzymes addition during days 1–37 of age improved FCR of broiler chicks compared to constant application. The intermittent addition of multienzymes during days 1–21 of age or 22–37 days of age and days 1–37 of age caused a significant increase in dry matter (DM) digestibility than the continuous application. The intermittent addition of multienzymes during days 1–21 of age significantly increased the digestibility of crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), and crude fiber (CF) compared to continuous application. A similar trend was shown in the digestibility of CP and EE due to intermittent use during days 22–37 of age. Intermittent enzymes addition significantly increased high density lipoprotein (HDL) of groups receiving enzymes during days 22–37 of age compared to continuous application of enzymes. In conclusion, the use of multienzymes intermittently during days 1–21 of age and 22–37 days of age significantly increased growth, improved FCR, and raised EPI. Intermittent use can replace continuous multienzyme applications which can save 68.6% of the cost, even though further research is need from the cost-saving edge.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani10030450
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
    SSG: 23
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  • 10
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    Effect of feed form, pellet diameter and enzymes supplementation on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of broiler during days 21-37 of age
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2014
    In:  Archives Animal Breeding Vol. 57, No. 1 ( 2014-11-14), p. 1-11
    Details
    In: Archives Animal Breeding, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 57, No. 1 ( 2014-11-14), p. 1-11
    Abstract: Abstract. A total of 420 21-day-old broilers were wing banded and randomly distributed among 60 cages of 7 birds per cage during days 21-37 of age. A factorial design (4×3) was used in which there were four feed forms (mash vs. pellet diet with diameter 2-2 mm, 2-3 mm and 3-3.5 mm, respectively) and three enzyme treatments (unsupplemented, phytase, phytase plus multi-enzyme). Each treatment was replicated 5 times with 7 broilers per replicate. Body weight gain of broilers fed 2-3 mm-diet was significantly greater than that of those fed mash diet and 2-2 mm or 3-3.5 mm pellet-diet. Feed conversion ratio was the best in broilers fed 2-3 mm and 3-3.5 mm pellet-diets. However, feed intake was significantly lower in broilers fed pellet-diets than that of those fed the mash diet. The production index and economic efficiency were significantly higher in groups fed 2-3 mm pellet diameter compared to those fed 2-2 mm and 3-3.5 mm pellet diets. Digestibility of crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre and crude ash were significantly and similarly greater in groups fed pellet diets in comparison with those fed mash diet. Enzyme supplementations significantly and similarly increased growth and production index whereas improved feed conversion ratio and economic efficiency than the control group and this concurred with greater digestibility of crude protein, ether extract and crude ash. However, multi-enzymes plus phytase induced greater effect on the production and economic traits than phytase alone showing synergetic effects. Pellet diet at 2-3 mm supplemented with multi-enzyme plus phytase resulted in the highest performance and nutrient digestibility of broilers during day 20-37 d of age.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2363-9822
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.7482/0003-9438-57-034
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2235451-7
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