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  • Oxford University Press (OUP)  (5)
  • Asevedo, Elson  (5)
  • Brietzke, Elisa  (5)
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  • Oxford University Press (OUP)  (5)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Relationship Between Grey Matter Volume and Clinical and Functional Outcomes in People at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  Schizophrenia Bulletin Open Vol. 3, No. 1 ( 2022-01-01)
    Details
    In: Schizophrenia Bulletin Open, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 3, No. 1 ( 2022-01-01)
    Abstract: To examine the association between baseline alterations in grey matter volume (GMV) and clinical and functional outcomes in people at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. Methods 265 CHR individuals and 92 healthy controls were recruited as part of a prospective multi-center study. After a baseline assessment using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), participants were followed for at least two years to determine clinical and functional outcomes, including transition to psychosis (according to the Comprehensive Assessment of an At Risk Mental State, CAARMS), level of functioning (according to the Global Assessment of Functioning), and symptomatic remission (according to the CAARMS). GMV was measured in selected cortical and subcortical regions of interest (ROI) based on previous studies (ie orbitofrontal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, gyrus rectus, inferior temporal gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, striatum, and hippocampus). Using voxel-based morphometry, we analysed the relationship between GMV and clinical and functional outcomes. Results Within the CHR sample, a poor functional outcome (GAF & lt; 65) was associated with relatively lower GMV in the right striatum at baseline (P & lt; .047 after Family Wise Error correction). There were no significant associations between baseline GMV and either subsequent remission or transition to psychosis. Conclusions In CHR individuals, lower striatal GMV was associated with a poor level of overall functioning at follow-up. This finding was not related to effects of antipsychotic or antidepressant medication. The failure to replicate previous associations between GMV and later psychosis onset, despite studying a relatively large sample, is consistent with the findings of recent large-scale multi-center studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2632-7899
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgac040
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3040502-6
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impact of Comorbid Affective Disorders on Longitudinal Clinical Outcomes in Individuals at Ultra-high Risk for Psychosis
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  Schizophrenia Bulletin Vol. 48, No. 1 ( 2022-01-21), p. 100-110
    Details
    In: Schizophrenia Bulletin, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 48, No. 1 ( 2022-01-21), p. 100-110
    Abstract: Diagnoses of anxiety and/or depression are common in subjects at Ultra-High Risk for Psychosis (UHR) and associated with extensive functional impairment. Less is known about the impact of affective comorbidities on the prospective course of attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS). Method Latent class mixed modelling identified APS trajectories in 331 UHR subjects assessed at baseline, 6, 12, and 24 months follow-up. The prognostic value of past, baseline, and one-year DSM-IV depressive or anxiety disorders on trajectories was investigated using logistic regression, controlling for confounders. Cox proportional hazard analyses investigated associations with transition risk. Results 46.8% of participants fulfilled the criteria for a past depressive disorder, 33.2% at baseline, and 15.1% at one-year follow-up. Any past, baseline, or one-year anxiety disorder was diagnosed in 42.9%, 37.2%, and 27.0%, respectively. Participants were classified into one of three latent APS trajectory groups: (1) persistently low, (2) increasing, and (3) decreasing. Past depression was associated with a higher risk of belonging to the increasing trajectory group, compared to the persistently low (OR = 3.149, [95%CI: 1.298–7.642]) or decreasing group (OR = 3.137, [1.165–8.450] ). In contrast, past (OR = .443, [.179–1.094]) or current (OR = .414, [.156–1.094] ) anxiety disorders showed a trend-level association with a lower risk of belonging to the increasing group compared to the persistently low group. Past depression was significantly associated with a higher risk of transitioning to psychosis (HR = 2.123, [1.178–3.828]). Conclusion A past depressive episode might be a particularly relevant risk factor for an unfavorable course of APS in UHR individuals. Early affective disturbances may be used to advance detection, prognostic, and clinical strategies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0586-7614 , 1745-1701
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab088
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2180196-4
    SSG: 15,3
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Speech Illusions in People at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis Linked to Clinical Outcome
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023
    In:  Schizophrenia Bulletin Vol. 49, No. 2 ( 2023-03-15), p. 339-349
    Details
    In: Schizophrenia Bulletin, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 49, No. 2 ( 2023-03-15), p. 339-349
    Abstract: Around 20% of people at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis later develop a psychotic disorder, but it is difficult to predict who this will be. We assessed the incidence of hearing speech (termed speech illusions [SIs]) in noise in CHR participants and examined whether this was associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Study design At baseline, 344 CHR participants and 67 healthy controls were presented with a computerized white noise task and asked whether they heard speech, and whether speech was neutral, affective, or whether they were uncertain about its valence. After 2 years, we assessed whether participants transitioned to psychosis, or remitted from the CHR state, and their functioning. Study results CHR participants had a lower sensitivity to the task. Logistic regression revealed that a bias towards hearing targets in stimuli was associated with remission status (OR = 0.21, P = 042). Conversely, hearing SIs with uncertain valence at baseline was associated with reduced likelihood of remission (OR = 7.72. P = .007). When we assessed only participants who did not take antipsychotic medication at baseline, the association between hearing SIs with uncertain valence at baseline and remission likelihood remained (OR = 7.61, P = .043) and this variable was additionally associated with a greater likelihood of transition to psychosis (OR = 5.34, P = .029). Conclusions In CHR individuals, a tendency to hear speech in noise, and uncertainty about the affective valence of this speech, is associated with adverse outcomes. This task could be used in a battery of cognitive markers to stratify CHR participants according to subsequent outcomes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0586-7614 , 1745-1701
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac163
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2180196-4
    SSG: 15,3
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    From Speech Illusions to Onset of Psychotic Disorder: Applying Network Analysis to an Experimental Measure of Aberrant Experiences
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  Schizophrenia Bulletin Open Vol. 1, No. 1 ( 2020-01-01)
    Details
    In: Schizophrenia Bulletin Open, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 1, No. 1 ( 2020-01-01)
    Abstract: Aberrant perceptional experiences are a potential early marker of psychosis development. Earlier studies have found experimentally assessed speech illusions to be associated with positive symptoms in patients with psychotic disorders, but findings for attenuated symptoms in individuals without psychotic disorders have been inconsistent. Also, the role of affect is unclear. The aim of this study was to use the network approach to investigate how speech illusions relate to individual symptoms and onset of a psychotic disorder. We estimated a network model based on data from 289 Clinical High-Risk (CHR) subjects, participating in the EU-GEI project. The network structure depicts statistical associations between (affective and all) speech illusions, cross-sectional individual attenuated positive and affective symptoms, and transition to psychotic disorder after conditioning on all other variables in the network. Speech illusions were assessed with the White Noise Task, symptoms with the BPRS and transition during 24-month follow-up with the CAARMS. Affective, not all, speech illusions were found to be directly, albeit weakly, associated with hallucinatory experiences. Hallucinatory experiences, in turn, were associated with delusional ideation. Bizarre behavior was the only symptom in the network steadily predictive of transition. Affective symptoms were highly interrelated, with depression showing the highest overall strength of connections to and predictability by other symptoms. Both speech illusions and transition showed low overall predictability by symptoms. Our findings suggest that experimentally assessed speech illusions are not a mere consequence of psychotic symptoms or disorder, but that their single assessment is likely not useful for assessing transition risk.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2632-7899
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgaa025
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3040502-6
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms and Other Symptoms of the At-risk Mental State for Psychosis: A Network Perspective
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2021
    In:  Schizophrenia Bulletin Vol. 47, No. 4 ( 2021-07-08), p. 1018-1028
    Details
    In: Schizophrenia Bulletin, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 47, No. 4 ( 2021-07-08), p. 1018-1028
    Abstract: The high prevalence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) among subjects at Ultra-High Risk (UHR) for psychosis is well documented. However, the network structure spanning the relations between OCS and symptoms of the at risk mental state for psychosis as assessed with the Comprehensive Assessment of At Risk Mental States (CAARMS) has not yet been investigated. This article aimed to use a network approach to investigate the associations between OCS and CAARMS symptoms in a large sample of individuals with different levels of risk for psychosis. Method Three hundred and forty-one UHR and 66 healthy participants were included, who participated in the EU-GEI study. Data analysis consisted of constructing a network of CAARMS symptoms, investigating central items in the network, and identifying the shortest pathways between OCS and positive symptoms. Results Strong associations between OCS and anxiety, social isolation and blunted affect were identified. Depression was the most central symptom in terms of the number of connections, and anxiety was a key item in bridging OCS to other symptoms. Shortest paths between OCS and positive symptoms revealed that unusual thought content and perceptual abnormalities were connected mainly via anxiety, while disorganized speech was connected via blunted affect and cognitive change. Conclusions Findings provide valuable insight into the central role of depression and the potential connective component of anxiety between OCS and other symptoms of the network. Interventions specifically aimed to reduce affective symptoms might be crucial for the development and prospective course of symptom co-occurrence.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0586-7614 , 1745-1701
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa187
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2180196-4
    SSG: 15,3
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
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