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  • Arya, Ravindra  (5)
  • Barcia Aguilar, Cristina  (5)
  • Mikati, Mohamad A.  (5)
  • Medicine  (5)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Clinical presentation of new onset refractory status epilepticus in children (the pSERG cohort)
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Epilepsia Vol. 62, No. 7 ( 2021-07), p. 1629-1642
    Details
    In: Epilepsia, Wiley, Vol. 62, No. 7 ( 2021-07), p. 1629-1642
    Abstract: We aimed to characterize the clinical profile and outcomes of new onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) in children, and investigated the relationship between fever onset and status epilepticus (SE). Methods Patients with refractory SE (RSE) between June 1, 2011 and October 1, 2016 were prospectively enrolled in the pSERG (Pediatric Status Epilepticus Research Group) cohort. Cases meeting the definition of NORSE were classified as "NORSE of known etiology" or "NORSE of unknown etiology." Subgroup analysis of NORSE of unknown etiology was completed based on the presence and time of fever occurrence relative to RSE onset: fever at onset (≤24 h), previous fever (2 weeks–24 h), and without fever. Results Of 279 patients with RSE, 46 patients met the criteria for NORSE. The median age was 2.4 years, and 25 (54%) were female. Forty (87%) patients had NORSE of unknown etiology. Nineteen (48%) presented with fever at SE onset, 16 (40%) had a previous fever, and five (12%) had no fever. The patients with preceding fever had more prolonged SE and worse outcomes, and 25% recovered baseline neurological function. The patients with fever at onset were younger and had shorter SE episodes, and 89% recovered baseline function. Significance Among pediatric patients with RSE, 16% met diagnostic criteria for NORSE, including the subcategory of febrile infection‐related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES). Pediatric NORSE cases may also overlap with refractory febrile SE (FSE). FIRES occurs more frequently in older children, the course is usually prolonged, and outcomes are worse, as compared to refractory FSE. Fever occurring more than 24 h before the onset of seizures differentiates a subgroup of NORSE patients with distinctive clinical characteristics and worse outcomes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0013-9580 , 1528-1167
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/epi.v62.7
    DOI: 10.1111/epi.16950
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2002194-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Factors associated with long‐term outcomes in pediatric refractory status epilepticus
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Epilepsia Vol. 62, No. 9 ( 2021-09), p. 2190-2204
    Details
    In: Epilepsia, Wiley, Vol. 62, No. 9 ( 2021-09), p. 2190-2204
    Abstract: This study was undertaken to describe long‐term clinical and developmental outcomes in pediatric refractory status epilepticus (RSE) and identify factors associated with new neurological deficits after RSE. Methods We performed retrospective analyses of prospectively collected observational data from June 2011 to March 2020 on pediatric patients with RSE. We analyzed clinical outcomes from at least 30 days after RSE and, in a subanalysis, we assessed developmental outcomes and evaluated risk factors in previously normally developed patients. Results Follow‐up data on outcomes were available in 276 patients (56.5% males). The median (interquartile range [IQR]) follow‐up duration was 1.6 (.9–2.7) years. The in‐hospital mortality rate was 4% (16/403 patients), and 15 (5.4%) patients had died after hospital discharge. One hundred sixty‐six (62.9%) patients had subsequent unprovoked seizures, and 44 (16.9%) patients had a repeated RSE episode. Among 116 patients with normal development before RSE, 42 of 107 (39.3%) patients with available data had new neurological deficits (cognitive, behavioral, or motor). Patients with new deficits had longer median (IQR) electroclinical RSE duration than patients without new deficits (10.3 [2.1–134.5] h vs. 4 [1.6–16] h, p  =  .011, adjusted odds ratio = 1.003, 95% confidence interval = 1.0008–1.0069, p  =  .027). The proportion of patients with an unfavorable functional outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale‐Extended score ≥ 4) was 22 of 90 (24.4%), and they were more likely to have received a continuous infusion. Significance About one third of patients without prior epilepsy developed recurrent unprovoked seizures after the RSE episode. In previously normally developing patients, 39% presented with new deficits during follow‐up, with longer electroclinical RSE duration as a predictor.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0013-9580 , 1528-1167
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/epi.v62.9
    DOI: 10.1111/epi.16984
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Early Clinical Variables Associated With Refractory Convulsive Status Epilepticus in Children
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2023
    In:  Neurology Vol. 101, No. 5 ( 2023-08-01), p. e546-e557
    Details
    In: Neurology, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 101, No. 5 ( 2023-08-01), p. e546-e557
    Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine patient-specific factors known proximate to the presentation to emergency care associated with the development of refractory convulsive status epilepticus (RSE) in children. Methods An observational case-control study was conducted comparing pediatric patients (1 month–21 years) with convulsive SE whose seizures stopped after benzodiazepine (BZD) and a single second-line antiseizure medication (ASM) (responsive established status epilepticus [rESE]) with patients requiring more than a BZD and a single second-line ASM to stop their seizures (RSE). These subpopulations were obtained from the pediatric Status Epilepticus Research Group study cohort. We explored clinical variables that could be acquired early after presentation to emergency medical services with univariate analysis of the raw data. Variables with p 〈 0.1 were retained for univariable and multivariable regression analyses. Multivariable logistic regression models were fit to age-matched and sex-matched data to obtain variables associated with RSE. Results We compared data from a total of 595 episodes of pediatric SE. Univariate analysis demonstrated no differences in time to the first BZD (RSE 16 minutes [IQR 5–45]; rESE 18 minutes [IQR 6–44] , p = 0.068). Time to second-line ASM was shorter in patients with RSE (RSE 65 minutes; rESE 70 minutes; p = 0.021). Both univariable and multivariable regression analyses revealed a family history of seizures (OR 0.37; 95% CI 0.20–0.70, p = 0.0022) or a prescription for rectal diazepam (OR 0.21; 95% CI 0.078–0.53, p = 0.0012) was associated with decreased odds of RSE. Discussion Time to initial BZD or second-line ASM was not associated with progression to RSE in our cohort of patients with rESE. A family history of seizures and a prescription for rectal diazepam were associated with a decreased likelihood of progression to RSE. Early attainment of these variables may help care for pediatric rESE in a more patient-tailored manner. Classification of Evidence This study provides Class II evidence that patient and clinical factors may predict RSE in children with convulsive seizures.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-3878 , 1526-632X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000207472
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Association of guideline publication and delays to treatment in pediatric status epilepticus
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2020
    In:  Neurology Vol. 95, No. 9 ( 2020-09-01), p. e1222-e1235
    Details
    In: Neurology, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 95, No. 9 ( 2020-09-01), p. e1222-e1235
    Abstract: To determine whether publication of evidence on delays in time to treatment shortens time to treatment in pediatric refractory convulsive status epilepticus (rSE), we compared time to treatment before (2011–2014) and after (2015–2019) publication of evidence of delays in treatment of rSE in the Pediatric Status Epilepticus Research Group (pSERG) as assessed by patient interviews and record review. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected dataset from June 2011 to September 2019 on pediatric patients (1 month–21 years of age) with rSE. Results We studied 328 patients (56% male) with median (25th–75th percentile [p 25 –p 75 ]) age of 3.8 (1.3–9.4) years. There were no differences in the median (p 25 –p 75 ) time to first benzodiazepine (BZD) (20 [5–52.5] vs 15 [5–38] minutes, p = 0.3919), time to first non-BZD antiseizure medication (68 [34.5–163.5] vs 65 [33–142] minutes, p = 0.7328), and time to first continuous infusion (186 [124.2–571] vs 160 [89.5–495] minutes, p = 0.2236). Among 157 patients with out-of-hospital onset whose time to hospital arrival was available, the proportion who received at least 1 BZD before hospital arrival increased after publication of evidence of delays (41 of 81 [50.6%] vs 57 of 76 [75%] , p = 0.0018), and the odds ratio (OR) was also increased in multivariable logistic regression (OR 4.35 [95% confidence interval 1.96–10.3], p = 0.0005). Conclusion Publication of evidence on delays in time to treatment was not associated with improvements in time to treatment of rSE, although it was associated with an increase in the proportion of patients who received at least 1 BZD before hospital arrival.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-3878 , 1526-632X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000010174
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Benzodiazepine administration patterns before escalation to second‐line medications in pediatric refractory convulsive status epilepticus
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Epilepsia Vol. 62, No. 11 ( 2021-11), p. 2766-2777
    Details
    In: Epilepsia, Wiley, Vol. 62, No. 11 ( 2021-11), p. 2766-2777
    Abstract: This study was undertaken to evaluate benzodiazepine (BZD) administration patterns before transitioning to non‐BZD antiseizure medication (ASM) in pediatric patients with refractory convulsive status epilepticus (rSE). Methods This retrospective multicenter study in the United States and Canada used prospectively collected observational data from children admitted with rSE between 2011 and 2020. Outcome variables were the number of BZDs given before the first non‐BZD ASM, and the number of BZDs administered after 30 and 45 min from seizure onset and before escalating to non‐BZD ASM. Results We included 293 patients with a median (interquartile range) age of 3.8 (1.3–9.3) years. Thirty‐six percent received more than two BZDs before escalating, and the later the treatment initiation was after seizure onset, the less likely patients were to receive multiple BZD doses before transitioning (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = .998, 95% confidence interval [CI] = .997–.999 per minute, p  = .01). Patients received BZDs beyond 30 and 45 min in 57.3% and 44.0% of cases, respectively. Patients with out‐of‐hospital seizure onset were more likely to receive more doses of BZDs beyond 30 min (IRR = 2.43, 95% CI = 1.73–3.46, p   〈  .0001) and beyond 45 min (IRR = 3.75, 95% CI = 2.40–6.03, p   〈  .0001) compared to patients with in‐hospital seizure onset. Intermittent SE was a risk factor for more BZDs administered beyond 45 min compared to continuous SE (IRR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.01–2.06, p  = .04). Forty‐seven percent of patients ( n  = 94) with out‐of‐hospital onset did not receive treatment before hospital arrival. Among patients with out‐of‐hospital onset who received at least two BZDs before hospital arrival ( n  = 54), 48.1% received additional BZDs at hospital arrival. Significance Failure to escalate from BZDs to non‐BZD ASMs occurs mainly in out‐of‐hospital rSE onset. Delays in the implementation of medical guidelines may be reduced by initiating treatment before hospital arrival and facilitating a transition to non‐BZD ASMs after two BZD doses during handoffs between prehospital and in‐hospital settings.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0013-9580 , 1528-1167
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/epi.v62.11
    DOI: 10.1111/epi.17043
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2002194-X
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