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  • 1
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    Abstract MP57: Lactation Duration is Associated With Lower Visceral and Pericardial Fat Volumes in Parous Women: 25-year Follow-up in the Cardia Study
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2020
    In:  Circulation Vol. 141, No. Suppl_1 ( 2020-03-03)
    Details
    In: Circulation, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 141, No. Suppl_1 ( 2020-03-03)
    Abstract: Introduction: Lactation has been associated with a lower risk of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women. However, the underlying mechanisms for these associations are not well understood. The longitudinal association between lactation and maternal fat volume has rarely been investigated. Hypothesis: We tested the hypothesis that lactation duration is inversely associated with maternal visceral and pericardial fat volumes. Methods: Data were obtained from 910 women enrolled in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study (1985-86) without diabetes prior to pregnancy who had ≥1 birth during 25 years of follow-up. Cumulative lactation duration across all births since baseline was calculated from self-reports collected at each exam. Volumes of visceral and pericardial adipose tissue were measured from computed tomographic scans at the Year 25 exam in 2010-2011. Methods: At baseline, the average age of women (48% black, 52% white) was 24 years (range: 18-30 years). During 25 years of follow-up, 76% of women reported lactation duration of ≥ 1 month. In adjusted linear regression models, lactation duration was inversely associated with visceral fat (p=0.021) and pericardial fat (p=0.001) volumes (Table). There was a significant interaction between race and lactation on visceral (p=0.035) and pericardial fat (p=0.027) volumes (Table). Formal mediation analysis showed a significant indirect effect of lactation duration on visceral (p=0.001) and pericardial fat (p=0.002) volumes through body weight change between the first postbaseline birth and the end of follow-up. Changes in body weight mediated 29.4% and 26.0% of the association between lactation duration and visceral and pericardial fat volumes. Conclusions: In this prospective study, the associations of longer lactation duration with lower visceral and pericardial fat volumes were partially mediated by body weight changes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-7322 , 1524-4539
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1161/circ.141.suppl_1.MP57
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 2
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    The prospective association of hyperandrogenism, oligomenorrhea and polycystic ovary syndrome with incident gestational diabetes: The coronary artery risk development in young adults women’s study
    Elsevier BV ; 2023
    In:  Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice Vol. 198 ( 2023-04), p. 110593-
    Details
    In: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, Elsevier BV, Vol. 198 ( 2023-04), p. 110593-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0168-8227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110593
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 632523-3
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  • 3
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    Abstract 046: Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Physical Activity, and Television Viewing Before Pregnancy and Risk of Gestational Diabetes: A Longitudinal Analysis From the CARDIA Study
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2018
    In:  Circulation Vol. 137, No. suppl_1 ( 2018-03-20)
    Details
    In: Circulation, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 137, No. suppl_1 ( 2018-03-20)
    Abstract: Introduction: Low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA), and excess sedentary behaviors are associated with a greater risk of type 2 diabetes. Less is known about the role of fitness, MVPA, and sedentary behaviors before pregnancy with subsequent development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a strong risk factor for future diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Objective: To assess the associations of pre-pregnancy fitness, MVPA, and time spent watching television (a surrogate for sedentary behavior) with risk of GDM. Methods: Participants were 1,333 women enrolled in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study who did not have diabetes at baseline (1985-86) or before post-baseline births. Baseline fitness was estimated using a graded symptom-limited maximal treadmill test and expressed in metabolic equivalent units (METS). Baseline MVPA (exercise units/day) was measured using the CARDIA physical activity history questionnaire, and television viewing (hours/day) was assessed by self-report in 1990-91. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, adjusting for study center, baseline age, race, parity, education, family history of diabetes, smoking, alcohol, dietary fat, pre-pregnancy body mass index, HOMA-IR, HDL-cholesterol, and time from baseline to delivery. Results: Over 25 years of follow up, 164 women developed GDM. As shown in the Table , the odds of developing GDM were 22% lower for each 1 standard deviation increment in baseline fitness after adjustment (2.3 METS; OR 0.78, 95% CI: 0.65, 0.95, p=0.013). MVPA and television viewing were not statistically significantly associated with developing GDM. Conclusions: This is one of the first studies to report an inverse association between objectively measured pre-pregnancy fitness and subsequent development of GDM. Improved pre-conception fitness may benefit women at risk for GDM.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-7322 , 1524-4539
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1161/circ.137.suppl_1.046
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1466401-X
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  • 4
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    The Association of Lactation Duration with Visceral and Pericardial Fat Volumes in Parous Women: The CARDIA Study
    The Endocrine Society ; 2021
    In:  The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 106, No. 6 ( 2021-05-13), p. 1821-1831
    Details
    In: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Endocrine Society, Vol. 106, No. 6 ( 2021-05-13), p. 1821-1831
    Abstract: Lactation is associated with lower risks for cardiovascular disease in women. Organ-related adiposity, which plays significant roles in the development of cardiometabolic diseases, could help explain this observation. We evaluated the association of lactation duration with visceral (VAT) and pericardial (PAT) fat volumes in women. Methods Data were obtained from 910 women enrolled in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study (1985-1986) without diabetes prior to pregnancy who had ≥1 birth during 25 years of follow-up and had VAT and PAT measured from computed tomographic scans in 2010-2011. Cumulative lactation duration across all births since baseline was calculated from self-reports collected at periodic exams. Results At baseline, the average age of women (48% black, 52% white) was 24 ± 3.7 years. After controlling for baseline age, race, smoking status, body mass index, fasting glucose, family history of diabetes, fat intake, total cholesterol, physical activity, and follow-up covariates (parity, gestational diabetes), the mean fat volumes across categories of lactation [none (n = 221), 1-5 months (n = 306), 6-11 months (n = 210), and ≥12 months (n = 173)] were 122.0, 113.7 105.0, and 110.1 cm3 for VAT and 52.2, 46.7, 44.5, and 43.4 cm3 for PAT, respectively. Changes in body weight from the first post-baseline birth to the end of follow-up mediated 21% and 18% of the associations of lactation with VAT and PAT, respectively. Conclusions In this prospective study, longer cumulative lactation duration was associated with lower VAT and PAT volumes, with weight gain partially mediating these associations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-972X , 1945-7197
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa980
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Endocrine Society
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2026217-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3029-6
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  • 5
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    Abstract P139: Changes In Sex Hormones In Premenopausal Black And White Women Associated With Childbearing: The Cardia Women’s Study.
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2022
    In:  Circulation Vol. 145, No. Suppl_1 ( 2022-03)
    Details
    In: Circulation, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 145, No. Suppl_1 ( 2022-03)
    Abstract: Introduction: Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels in blood are associated with bioavailability of sex hormones, glucose metabolism, and cardiometabolic health of premenopausal women. Low SHBG levels are associated with insulin resistance in women. Pregnancy is characterized by 6-10-fold increase in SHBG levels. This study is designed to evaluate the long-term associations among pregnancy, and SHBG, free and total testosterone levels in premenopausal women. Methods: Premenopausal women, aged 20-32 years, from the CARDIA Women’s Study cohort were tested for levels of serum SHBG, free testosterone, and total testosterone. Hormonal, anthropometric, socio-demographic, and behavioral data, along with self-reported pregnancy and birth data, were collected at baseline (1987-88 [Y0]; n=1,191) and after eight years (Y8; n=809) and 14 years (Y14; n=474) for follow-up. Participants who were pregnant, breastfeeding, had diabetes, hysterectomy, or were using oral contraceptive at any time point were excluded. Participants were divided in parity groups of 0, 1, and 2+births for analyses. Eight-year decrements of SHBG, free and total testosterone were used for primary analyses and 14-year decrements were used for secondary analyses Results: SHBG levels decreased more in parous than nulliparous women in a fully adjusted model including race, CARDIA field center, age, education, alcohol, smoking status, baseline BMI, weight gain and change in waist girth. Total testosterone decreased more in parous women between Y0-Y10 but not thereafter. No significant differences in free testosterone levels were observed among parity change groups in fully adjusted models. Hormone decrement analyses from fully adjusted model Conclusion: Childbearing is associated with a more pronounced long term decrease in SHBG but not with free testosterone levels in premenopausal women. A strong association was observed among parity and total testosterone decrements at 8-year but not 14-year follow-up.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-7322 , 1524-4539
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1161/circ.145.suppl_1.P139
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1466401-X
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  • 6
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    Association of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus With Left Ventricular Structure and Function: The CARDIA Study
    American Diabetes Association ; 2016
    In:  Diabetes Care Vol. 39, No. 3 ( 2016-03-01), p. 400-407
    Details
    In: Diabetes Care, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 39, No. 3 ( 2016-03-01), p. 400-407
    Abstract: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) predicts incident cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, mechanisms linking GDM to CVD beyond intervening incident diabetes are not well understood. We examined the relation of GDM with echocardiographic parameters of left ventricular (LV) structure and function, which are important predictors of future CVD risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 609 women (43% black) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study who delivered one or more births during follow-up and had echocardiograms in 1990–1991 (mean age 28.8 years) and 2010–2011. RESULTS During the 20-year follow-up, 965 births were reported, with GDM developing in 64 women (10.5%). In linear regression models adjusted for sociodemographic factors, BMI, physical activity, parity, smoking, use of oral contraceptives, alcohol intake, family history of coronary heart disease, systolic blood pressure, and lipid levels, women with GDM had impaired longitudinal peak strain (−15.0 vs. −15.7%, P = 0.025), circumferential peak strain (−14.8 vs. −15.6%, P = 0.028), lateral e′ wave velocity (11.0 vs. 11.8 cm/s, P = 0.012), and septal e′ wave velocity (8.6 vs. 9.3 cm/s, P = 0.015) in 2010–2011 and a greater 20-year increase in LV mass indexed to body surface area (14.3 vs. 6.0 g/m2, P = 0.006) compared with women with non-GDM pregnancies. Further adjustment for incident type 2 diabetes after pregnancy did not attenuate these associations. CONCLUSIONS Pregnancy complicated by GDM is independently associated with increased LV mass and impaired LV relaxation and systolic function. Implementation of postpartum cardiovascular health interventions in women with a history of GDM may offer an additional opportunity to reduce future CVD risk.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0149-5992 , 1935-5548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2337/dc15-1759
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2016
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 441231-X
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  • 7
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    Changes in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Before and After Gestational Diabetes: A Prospective Life‐Course Analysis in CARDIA Women
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Obesity Vol. 28, No. 8 ( 2020-08), p. 1397-1404
    Details
    In: Obesity, Wiley, Vol. 28, No. 8 ( 2020-08), p. 1397-1404
    Abstract: This study hypothesized that both preconception and postchildbearing patterns of cardiometabolic risk factors may be different for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) compared with women without GDM. Methods Among 1,302 (51% black) women in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study with births and followed for 30 years, this study evaluated changes in cardiometabolic factors (BMI, waist circumference [WC], lipids, blood pressure) during prechildbearing (prior to the first postbaseline birth) and postchildbearing periods (after the last birth) by GDM status using piecewise linear mixed models adjusted for sociodemographics, parity, and time‐varying covariates. Results Compared with women who did not develop GDM, weight and WC increases in women who developed GDM ( n  = 152, 12%) were faster (BMI difference: +0.12 kg/m 2 /y, P  = 0.04; WC difference: +0.28 cm/y, P  = 0.04) during the prechildbearing period, accounting for covariates. This translated to an average of 1.3 kg of excess weight gain across 4 years among women with subsequent GDM versus non‐GDM births. In contrast, slopes after childbearing did not differ by GDM status, nor were there other cardiometabolic differences. Conclusions Women with GDM exhibited an increasing prepregnancy pattern of weight gain and central adiposity. Absolute postchildbearing weight was also higher in GDM‐affected women, but the slope of gain after GDM was not.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1930-7381 , 1930-739X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/oby.22848
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2230457-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027211-X
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  • 8
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    Prepregnancy Protein Source and BCAA Intake Are Associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in the CARDIA Study
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 21 ( 2022-10-29), p. 14142-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 21 ( 2022-10-29), p. 14142-
    Abstract: Diet quality and protein source are associated with type 2 diabetes, however relationships with GDM are less clear. This study aimed to determine whether prepregnancy diet quality and protein source are associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Participants were 1314 Black and White women without diabetes, who had at least one birth during 25 years of follow-up in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort study. The CARDIA A Priori Diet Quality Score (APDQS) was assessed in the overall cohort at enrollment and again at Year 7. Protein source and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) intake were assessed only at the Year 7 exam (n = 565). Logistic regression analysis was used to determine associations between prepregnancy dietary factors and GDM. Women who developed GDM (n = 161) were more likely to have prepregnancy obesity and a family history of diabetes (p 〈 0.05). GDM was not associated with prepregnancy diet quality at enrollment (Year 0) (odds ratio [OR]: 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.99, 1.02) or Year 7 (odds ratio [OR]: 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94, 1.00) in an adjusted model. Conversely, BCAA intake (OR:1.59, 95% CI 1.03, 2.43) and animal protein intake (OR: 1.06, 95% CI 1.02, 1.10) as a proportion of total protein intake, were associated with increased odds of GDM, while proportion of plant protein was associated with decreased odds of GDM (OR: 0.95, 95% CI 0.91, 0.99). In conclusion, GDM is strongly associated with source of prepregnancy dietary protein intake but not APDQS in the CARDIA study.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114142
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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