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  • Wiley  (44)
  • Angers, Denis A.  (44)
  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Gaseous Nitrogen Emissions and Forage Nitrogen Uptake on Soils Fertilized with Raw and Treated Swine Manure
    Wiley ; 2007
    In:  Journal of Environmental Quality Vol. 36, No. 6 ( 2007-11), p. 1864-1872
    Details
    In: Journal of Environmental Quality, Wiley, Vol. 36, No. 6 ( 2007-11), p. 1864-1872
    Kurzfassung: Treatments to reduce solids content in liquid manure have been developed, but little information is available on gaseous N emissions and plant N uptake after application of treated liquid swine manure (LSM). We measured crop yield, N uptake, and NH 3 and N 2 O losses after the application of mineral fertilizer (NH 4 NO 3 ), raw LSM, and LSM that was decanted, filtered, anaerobically digested, or chemically flocculated. The experiment was conducted from 2001 to 2003 on a loam and a sandy loam cropped to timothy ( Phleum pratense L.) with annual applications equivalent to 80 kg N ha −1 in spring and 60 kg N ha −1 after the first harvest. Raw LSM resulted in NH 3 emissions three to six times larger ( P 〈 0.05) than mineral fertilizer. The LSM treatments reduced NH 3 emissions by an average of 25% compared with raw LSM ( P 〈 0.05). The N 2 O emissions tended to be higher with raw LSM than with mineral fertilizer. The LSM treatments had little effect on N 2 O emissions, except for anaerobic digestion, which reduced emissions by 〉 50% compared with raw LSM ( P 〈 0.05). Forage yield with raw LSM was 〉 90% of that with mineral fertilizer. The LSM treatments tended to increase forage yield and N uptake relative to raw LSM. We conclude that treated or untreated LSM offers an alternative to mineral fertilizers for forage grass production but care must be taken to minimize NH 3 volatilization. Removing solids from LSM by mechanical, chemical, and biological means reduced NH 3 losses from LSM applied to perennial grass.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0047-2425 , 1537-2537
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2134/jeq2007.0083
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Wiley
    Publikationsdatum: 2007
    ZDB Id: 120525-0
    ZDB Id: 2050469-X
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
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    Manure, Tillage, and Crop Rotation: Effects on Residual Weed Interference in Spring Barley Cropping Systems
    Wiley ; 1998
    In:  Agronomy Journal Vol. 90, No. 4 ( 1998-07), p. 496-504
    Details
    In: Agronomy Journal, Wiley, Vol. 90, No. 4 ( 1998-07), p. 496-504
    Kurzfassung: Effects of management practices on crop growth and yields may or may not be mediated through crop‐weed interactions. Our objective was to detect and confirm a relationship between the influence of crop management factors on spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) and the potential occurrence of crop‐weed interference. A field study was established on a Normandin clay (fine, mixed, frigid Humic Cryaquept) at Normandin in Québec to investigate the effects of crop rotation, tillage (chisel plow, CP; moldboard plow, MP), and nutrient source on midseason aboveground dry weight and seed yield of barley and residual weed populations. Barley‐weed interference was detected using ANOVA, principal components analysis, and analysis of covariance. A reduction in midseason dry weight (36%) and seed yield (59%) of barley in the CP relative to the MP treatment in 1994 was associated with interference from broadleaf plantain ( Plantago major L.) and dandelion ( Taraxacum officinale Weber in Wiggers). A 20% reduction in midseason dry weight and seed yield with CP tillage in 1995 was associated with interference from volunteer timothy ( Phleum pratense L.) and Kentucky bluegrass ( Poa pratensis L.). Barley dry weight and seed yield were 29 and 26% greater in the barley‐forage rotation compared with the monoculture in all years except 1995, despite greater weed pressure in the barley‐forage rotation, confirming the benefits of forages to subsequent crops in a rotation. Compared with mineral fertilizer, application of manure resulted in lower dry weight and seed yield for barley; however, this reduction was not associated with weed interference. In contrast to tillage, crop rotation and nutrient source effects on crop variables appeared mediated through factors other than weed interference.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0002-1962 , 1435-0645
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2134/agronj1998.00021962009000040010x
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Wiley
    Publikationsdatum: 1998
    ZDB Id: 1471598-3
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  • 3
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    Ammonia Volatilization and Selected Soil Characteristics Following Application of Anaerobically Digested Pig Slurry
    Wiley ; 2004
    In:  Soil Science Society of America Journal Vol. 68, No. 1 ( 2004-01), p. 306-312
    Details
    In: Soil Science Society of America Journal, Wiley, Vol. 68, No. 1 ( 2004-01), p. 306-312
    Kurzfassung: Ammonia volatilization occurs shortly following land application of pig slurry. Several slurry and soil characteristics modulate the intensity of this process, and their net effect on volatilization is still hard to predict. Our aim was to compare volatilization following application of anaerobically stored (ASPS) and anaerobically digested (ADPS) pig slurry to a bare loamy soil (loamy, mixed, frigid, Aeric Haplaquept). Ammonia volatilization was measured using wind tunnels. Soil pH and water, NH + 4 , NO − 3 , and volatile fatty acid (VFA) contents were monitored in the 0‐ to 0.5‐, 0.5‐ to 2‐, 2‐ to 5‐, and 5‐ to 10‐cm soil layers to explain volatilization rates. Following slurry application, pH increased by 1 to 3 units in the top 2 cm of soil, resulting in high volatilization rates in the first 6 h of experiment. Thereafter, pH decreased more slowly in ASPS than ADPS plots, possibly due to the degradation of VFAs present in ASPS. After 2 d, 35% of slurry‐added NH + 4 –N was lost as NH 3 –N for both slurries, corresponding well to the net decrease found in soil NH + 4 –N content. After 9 d, net soil NH + 4 –N disappearance accounted for about 60% of slurry‐added NH + 4 –N for both slurries, whereas NH 3 –N losses represented only 40%. Therefore, for the first 2 d of the experiment NH 3 volatilization explained most of the decline in soil NH + 4 Afterwards, biological processes, such as immobilization and nitrification, were assumed to play a significant role in slurry NH + 4 disappearance. Despite marked changes in slurry properties, anaerobic digestion did not significantly modify the proportion of slurry N that was lost as NH 3 Ammonia volatilization was related mostly to soil pH and NH + 4 content in the top 2 cm of soil. Below 5‐cm depth, slurry application had little effect on soil pH, water, VFA, or mineral N content. This finding stresses the importance of stratified soil sampling when studying the short‐term effects of pig slurry on NH 3 volatilization and associated soil properties.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0361-5995 , 1435-0661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2136/sssaj2004.3060
    RVK:
    RA 4845
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Wiley
    Publikationsdatum: 2004
    ZDB Id: 241415-6
    ZDB Id: 2239747-4
    ZDB Id: 196788-5
    ZDB Id: 1481691-X
    SSG: 13
    SSG: 21
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
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    Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics Following Application of Pig Slurry for the 19th Consecutive Year II. Nitrous Oxide Fluxes and Mineral Nitrogen
    Wiley ; 2000
    In:  Soil Science Society of America Journal Vol. 64, No. 4 ( 2000-07), p. 1396-1403
    Details
    In: Soil Science Society of America Journal, Wiley, Vol. 64, No. 4 ( 2000-07), p. 1396-1403
    Kurzfassung: Agricultural soils often receive annual applications of manure for long periods. Our objective was to quantify the effects of 19 consecutive years of pig ( Sus scrofa ) slurry (PS) application to a loamy soil (loamy, mixed, frigid Aeric Haplaquept) on N 2 O emissions. Soil surface N 2 O fluxes ( F N2O ) were measured 36 times in 1 yr. Nitrous oxide concentration profiles, soil NH + 4 ‐ and NO − 3 ‐N contents, denitrifying enzyme activity (DEA), and denitrification rate (DR) in soil were also determined to explain the variation in F N2O Long‐term (19 yr) treatments on continuous silage maize ( Zea mays L.) were 60 (PS60) and 120 Mg ha −1 yr −1 (PS120) of pig slurry and a control receiving mineral fertilizer at a dose of 150 kg ha −1 each of N, P 2 O 5 , and K 2 O. Denitrifying enzyme activity, soil N 2 O concentrations, and F N2O ( 〈 25 ng m −2 s −1 ) were low in the control plots receiving mineral fertilizer. Annual applications of PS to the soil for 18 yr had positive residual effects on the DEA compared with the long‐term fertilized control plots. Following PS application, there was a strong and rapid increase of F N2O (up to 350 ng m −2 s −1 ) on manured plots. The PS‐induced F N2O increased with increasing quantity of PS, probably as the result of a greater availability of NO − 3 ‐N for denitrification. The effects of PS on F N2O were mostly limited to the 30 d following application, with low fluxes ( 〈 10 ng m −2 s −1 ) during the rest of the measurement period. Total N 2 O–N emissions represented 0.62, 1.23, and 1.65% of total N applied in control, PS60, and PS120 plots, respectively. These emission factors for the PS plots agreed with values previously suggested for N‐fertilized soils (1.25%).
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0361-5995 , 1435-0661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2136/sssaj2000.6441396x
    RVK:
    RA 4845
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Wiley
    Publikationsdatum: 2000
    ZDB Id: 241415-6
    ZDB Id: 2239747-4
    ZDB Id: 196788-5
    ZDB Id: 1481691-X
    SSG: 13
    SSG: 21
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
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    Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics Following Application of Pig Slurry for the 19th Consecutive Year I. Carbon Dioxide Fluxes and Microbial Biomass Carbon
    Wiley ; 2000
    In:  Soil Science Society of America Journal Vol. 64, No. 4 ( 2000-07), p. 1389-1395
    Details
    In: Soil Science Society of America Journal, Wiley, Vol. 64, No. 4 ( 2000-07), p. 1389-1395
    Kurzfassung: Agricultural soils often receive annual applications of manure for long periods. The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of 19 consecutive years of pig ( Sus scrofa ) slurry (PS) application on CO 2 emissions and soil microbial biomass. Soil temperature, soil moisture, and extractable soil C were also determined to explain the variations in CO 2 emissions and soil microbial biomass. Long‐term (19 yr) treatments were 60 (PS60) and 120 Mg ha −1 yr −1 (PS120) of pig slurry and a control receiving mineral fertilizers at a dose of 150 kg ha −1 yr −1 each of N, P 2 O 5 , and K 2 O. Very high CO 2 emissions (up to 1.5 mg CO 2 m −2 s −1 ) occurred during the first 2 d after PS application. Following that peak, decomposition of PS was rapid, with one‐half the total emissions occurring during the first week after slurry application. The rapid initial decomposition was exponential and was attributed to the decomposition of the labile fraction of the slurry C. The second phase was linear and much slower and probably involved more recalcitrant C material. Cumulative annual decomposition was proportional to the application rate, with 769 and 1658 kg C ha −1 lost from the 60 and 120 Mg ha −1 doses, respectively. Pig slurry application caused a rapid increase in soil microbial biomass (from ≈100 to up to 370 mg C kg −1 soil), which coincided with a peak in the concentration of extractable C and in CO 2 emissions. Field estimates of the microbial specific respiratory activity suggested that the difference in soil respiration between the two slurry treatments was due to differences in the size of the induced microbial biomass rather than to differences in specific activity.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0361-5995 , 1435-0661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2136/sssaj2000.6441389x
    RVK:
    RA 4845
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Wiley
    Publikationsdatum: 2000
    ZDB Id: 241415-6
    ZDB Id: 2239747-4
    ZDB Id: 196788-5
    ZDB Id: 1481691-X
    SSG: 13
    SSG: 21
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
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    Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide Emissions following Fall and Spring Applications of Pig Slurry to an Agricultural Soil
    Wiley ; 2004
    In:  Soil Science Society of America Journal Vol. 68, No. 4 ( 2004-07), p. 1410-1420
    Details
    In: Soil Science Society of America Journal, Wiley, Vol. 68, No. 4 ( 2004-07), p. 1410-1420
    Kurzfassung: In Québec, most pig slurry is applied to agricultural soils in the spring and fall. A study was initiated to compare the impact of the contrasting spring and fall weather conditions on CO 2 and N 2 O emissions, and on the transformation of pig slurry C and N in a loamy soil cropped to maize ( Zea mays L.). Treatments were approximately 200 kg total N ha −1 either as a spring (SPRING) or fall (FALL) application of pig slurry, and 150 kg N ha −1 as NH 4 NO 3 (control). Fluxes of CO 2 and N 2 O, and soil O 2 , CO 2 , N 2 O, NH 4 + , NO 3 − , extractable C and microbial biomass C (MBC) contents were measured 50 times over a 1‐yr period. Fluxes of N 2 O were generally low during the experiment but were greatly increased in recently manured soils when soil O 2 concentration fell below 0.20 mol mol −1 Soil was warm and well‐aerated following spring slurry application. Under these conditions, slurry NH 4 –N was rapidly nitrified and high N 2 O emissions attributed to denitrification occurred when soil was rewetted by abundant rainfall. For the fall applied slurry, wet and cool conditions limited net nitrification and resulted in little accumulation of NO 3 –N, thus limiting potential for subsequent denitrification and N 2 O emissions. Cumulated N 2 O emissions during the experiment represented 1.74, 2.73, and 1.14% of added N in the FALL, SPRING, and NH 4 NO 3 plots, respectively. Fluxes of CO 2 and cumulated CO 2 –C losses were also greater for SPRING than for FALL application. Our results clearly show that the impacts of the timing of animal manure application on N 2 O emissions cannot be generalized, but will vary between years in response to interactions between crop, climatic, and soil factors.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0361-5995 , 1435-0661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2136/sssaj2004.1410
    RVK:
    RA 4845
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Wiley
    Publikationsdatum: 2004
    ZDB Id: 241415-6
    ZDB Id: 2239747-4
    ZDB Id: 196788-5
    ZDB Id: 1481691-X
    SSG: 13
    SSG: 21
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
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    Injection of Dicyandiamide-Treated Pig Slurry Reduced Ammonia Volatilization without Enhancing Soil Nitrous Oxide Emissions from No-Till Corn in Southern Brazil
    Wiley ; 2014
    In:  Journal of Environmental Quality Vol. 43, No. 3 ( 2014-05), p. 789-800
    Details
    In: Journal of Environmental Quality, Wiley, Vol. 43, No. 3 ( 2014-05), p. 789-800
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0047-2425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2134/jeq2013.07.0301
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Wiley
    Publikationsdatum: 2014
    ZDB Id: 120525-0
    ZDB Id: 2050469-X
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  • 8
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    Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Clayey Soils Amended with Paper Sludges and Biosolids of Separated Pig Slurry
    Wiley ; 2013
    In:  Journal of Environmental Quality Vol. 42, No. 1 ( 2013-01), p. 30-39
    Details
    In: Journal of Environmental Quality, Wiley, Vol. 42, No. 1 ( 2013-01), p. 30-39
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0047-2425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2134/jeq2012.0196
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Wiley
    Publikationsdatum: 2013
    ZDB Id: 120525-0
    ZDB Id: 2050469-X
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  • 9
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    Ammonia Volatilization and Nitrogen Retention: How Deep to Incorporate Urea?
    Wiley ; 2013
    In:  Journal of Environmental Quality Vol. 42, No. 6 ( 2013-11), p. 1635-1642
    Details
    In: Journal of Environmental Quality, Wiley, Vol. 42, No. 6 ( 2013-11), p. 1635-1642
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0047-2425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2134/jeq2013.05.0192
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Wiley
    Publikationsdatum: 2013
    ZDB Id: 120525-0
    ZDB Id: 2050469-X
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  • 10
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    Interactive Effects of Tillage and Mineral Fertilization on Soil Carbon Profiles
    Wiley ; 2009
    In:  Soil Science Society of America Journal Vol. 73, No. 1 ( 2009-01), p. 255-261
    Details
    In: Soil Science Society of America Journal, Wiley, Vol. 73, No. 1 ( 2009-01), p. 255-261
    Kurzfassung: Both tillage and fertilizer management influence soil organic C (SOC) storage, but their interactive effects remain to be determined for various soil and climatic conditions. We evaluated the long‐term effects of tillage (no‐till, NT, and moldboard plowing, MP), and N and P fertilization on SOC stocks and concentrations in profiles of a clay loam soil (clayey, mixed, mesic Typic Humaquept). Corn ( Zea mays L.) and soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] were grown in a yearly rotation for 14 yr. Our results showed that NT enhanced the SOC content in the soil surface layer, but MP resulted in greater SOC content near the bottom of the plow layer. When the entire soil profile (0–60 cm) was considered, both effects compensated each other, which resulted in statistically equivalent SOC stocks for both tillage practices. Nitrogen and P fertilization with MP increased the estimated crop C inputs to the soil but did not significantly influence SOC stocks in the whole soil profile. At the 0‐ to 20‐cm depth, however, lower C stocks were measured in the plowed soil with the highest N fertilizer level than in any other treatment, which was probably caused by a greater decomposition of crop residues and soil organic matter. Conversely, the highest SOC stocks of the 0‐ to 20‐cm soil layer were observed in the NT treatment with the highest N rates, reflecting a greater residue accumulation at the soil surface. When accounting for the whole soil profile, the variations in surface SOC due to tillage and fertilizer interactions were masked by tillage‐induced differences in the 20‐ to 30‐cm soil layer.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0361-5995 , 1435-0661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2136/sssaj2008.0006
    RVK:
    RA 4845
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Wiley
    Publikationsdatum: 2009
    ZDB Id: 241415-6
    ZDB Id: 2239747-4
    ZDB Id: 196788-5
    ZDB Id: 1481691-X
    SSG: 13
    SSG: 21
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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