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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Infant body composition at 6 and 24 months: what are the driving factors?
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
    Details
    In: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Abstract: Available evidence on infant body composition is limited. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with body composition at 6 and 24 months. Subjects/Methods Multicenter study with data from a 0 to 6-mo cohort (Australia, India and South Africa) and a 3 to 24-mo cohort (Brazil, Pakistan, South Africa, and Sri Lanka). For the 0–6-mo cohort, body composition was assessed by air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) and for the 3–24-month cohort by the deuterium dilution (DD) technique. Fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), FM index (FMI), and FFM index (FFMI) were calculated. Independent variables comprised the Gini index of the country, maternal and infant characteristics, and breastfeeding pattern at 3 months. For the 3–24-mo cohort, breastfeeding, and minimum dietary diversity (MDD) at 12 months were also included. Crude and adjusted analyses stratified by sex were conducted by multilevel modelling using mixed models. Results At 6 months, every 1 kg increase in birth weight was associated with an increase of 0.716 kg in FFM and 0.582 kg/m 2 in FFMI in girls, whereas in boys, the increase was of 0.277 kg in FFM. At 24 months, compared to those weaned before 12 months, girls still breastfed at 12 months presented a decrease of 0.225 kg in FM, 0.645 kg in FFM and 0.459 kg/m 2 in FFMI, and in boys the decreases were of 0.467 kg in FM, 0.603 kg in FFM and 0.628 kg/m 2 in FFMI. Conclusion Birth weight and breastfeeding are independent predictors of body composition in early life, irrespective of sex.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0954-3007 , 1476-5640
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01321-8
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2004986-9
    SSG: 21
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Anthropometry-based prediction of body fat in infants from birth to 6 months: the Baby-bod study
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  European Journal of Clinical Nutrition Vol. 75, No. 4 ( 2021-04), p. 715-723
    Details
    In: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 75, No. 4 ( 2021-04), p. 715-723
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0954-3007 , 1476-5640
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-00768-3
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2004986-9
    SSG: 21
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  • 3
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    Gestational weight gain and postpartum weight retention in Tasmanian women: The Baby-bod Study
    Public Library of Science (PLoS) ; 2022
    In:  PLOS ONE Vol. 17, No. 3 ( 2022-3-22), p. e0264744-
    Details
    In: PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 17, No. 3 ( 2022-3-22), p. e0264744-
    Abstract: Many factors can negatively impact perinatal outcomes, including inappropriate gestational weight gain (GWG). Despite having the greatest potential to influence maternal and infant health, there is a lack of consensus regarding the GWG consistent with a healthy pregnancy. To date, GWG in Northern Tasmania remains understudied. We investigated how maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) is related to weight gain during pregnancy and weight retention post-partum, and how maternal pre-pregnancy BMI is related to the mode of delivery. Approximately 300 Tasmanian mothers (n = 291 for mode of delivery and n = 282 for GWG) were included in this study. Analysis of variance and chi square tests were conducted to assess differences in BW of mothers across BMI categories and differences between categorical variables; respectively. Based on pre-pregnancy BMI, mothers were assigned to one of three groups, with healthy weight ( 〈 25 kg m -2 ), with overweight (25–29.9 kg m -2 ), or with obesity ( 〉 30 kg m -2 ). Pre-pregnancy BMI and body weight (BW) were significantly associated (p 〈 0.001) with post-partum BW at 3 and 6 months. Only 25% of mothers with a normal weight BMI, 34% with overweight and 13% with obesity, achieved the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendation for GWG. Interestingly, a number of women in our cohort lost weight during gestation (1.5, 9 and 37% in 〈 25, 25–29.9 and 〉 30 kg m -2 groups, respectively). Further, women with obesity showed the lowest level of BW fluctuation and retained less weight post-partum. The highest number of caesarean sections were observed in mothers who exceeded GWG recommendations. Most mothers either exceeded or failed to achieve IOM recommendations for GWG. To improve the generalisability of these findings, this study should be replicated in a larger representative sample of the Tasmanian maternal population.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1932-6203
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264744
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264744.g001
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264744.g002
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264744.t001
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264744.t002
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264744.t003
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264744.s001
    Language: English
    Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2267670-3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Exclusivity of breastfeeding and body composition: learnings from the Baby-bod study
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  International Breastfeeding Journal Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2021-12)
    Details
    In: International Breastfeeding Journal, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2021-12)
    Abstract: This report evaluated the breastfeeding status in a Tasmanian cohort and its effects on infant and maternal anthropometry and body composition. Methods An observational-cohort analysis of self-reported feeding data from 175 Tasmanian mother-baby dyads (recruited via in-person contact between September 2017 and October 2019), was executed. Only mothers who were ≥ 18 years of age, who had a singleton pregnancy and were able to speak and understand English, were included in the study. Infants outside a gestational age range between 37 + 0 and 41 + 6 weeks were excluded. Infant (using Air Displacement Plethysmography) and maternal body composition was assessed at 0, 3 and 6 months. Analysis of variance with relevant statistical corrections were utilised for cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons between non-exclusively breastfed (neBF) and exclusively breastfed (eBF) groups. Results Fat-free mass was significantly higher [ t  = 2.27, df  = 98, P  = 0.03, confidence interval (CI) 0.03, 0.48] in neBF infants at 6 months (5.59 ± 0.59 vs 5.33 ± 0.50 kg) despite a higher mean fat-free mass in eBF infants at b irth (2.89 ± 0.34 vs 3.01 ± 0.35 kg). Weak evidence for different fat mass index trajectories was observed for eBF and neBF infants in the first 6 months of life (ANOVA, F  = 2.42, df  = 1.9, P  = 0.09) with an inversion in fat mass index levels between 3 and 6 months. Body Mass Index (BMI) trajectories were significantly different in eBF and neBF mothers through pregnancy and the first 6 months postpartum (ANOVA, F = 5.56, df = 30.14, P  = 0.01). Compared with eBF mothers, neBF mothers retained significantly less weight (t = − 2.754, df  = 158, P  = 0.02, CI -6.64, − 1.09) at 3 months (0.68 ± 11.69 vs 4.55 ± 6.08 kg) postpartum. Prevalence for neBF was incrementally higher in mothers with a normal BMI compared to mothers with obesity, and mothers who underwent surgical or medical intervention during birth were less likely to exclusively breastfeed. Conclusions Infants with different feeding patterns may display varying growth patterns in early life and sustained breastfeeding can contribute to greater postpartum maternal weight loss.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1746-4358
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s13006-021-00389-x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2227239-2
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Determinants of Infant Adiposity across the First 6 Months of Life: Evidence from the Baby-bod study
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2021-04-19), p. 1770-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2021-04-19), p. 1770-
    Abstract: Excess adiposity in infancy may predispose individuals to obesity later in life. The literature on determinants of adiposity in infants is equivocal. In this longitudinal cohort study, we investigated pre-pregnancy, prenatal and postnatal determinants of different adiposity indices in infants, i.e., fat mass (FM), percent FM (%FM), fat mass index (FMI) and log-log index (FM/FFMp), from birth to 6 months, using linear mixed-effects regression. Body composition was measured in 322, 174 and 109 infants at birth and 3 and 6 months afterwards, respectively, utilising air displacement plethysmography. Positive associations were observed between gestation length and infant FM, maternal self-reported pre-pregnancy body mass index and infant %FM, and parity and infant %FM and FMI at birth. Surprisingly, maternal intake of iron supplements during pregnancy was associated with infant FM, %FM and FMI at 3 months and FM/FFMp at 6 months. Male infant sex and formula feeding were negatively associated with all adiposity indices at 6 months. In conclusion, pre-pregnancy and pregnancy factors influence adiposity during early life, and any unfavourable impacts may be modulated postnatally via infant feeding practices. Moreover, as these associations are dependent on the adiposity indices used, it is crucial that researchers use conceptually and statistically robust approaches such as FM/FFMp.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081770
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Infant Adiposity at Birth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Therapeutic Interventions
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2021-02-18), p. 835-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2021-02-18), p. 835-
    Abstract: Exposure to untreated gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in utero increases the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes in adulthood, and increased adiposity in GDM-exposed infants is suggested as a plausible mediator of this increased risk of later-life metabolic disorders. Evidence is equivocal regarding the impact of good glycaemic control in GDM mothers on infant adiposity at birth. We systematically reviewed studies reporting fat mass (FM), percent fat mass (%FM) and skinfold thicknesses (SFT) at birth in infants of mothers with GDM controlled with therapeutic interventions (IGDMtr). While treating GDM lowered FM in newborns compared to no treatment, there was no difference in FM and SFT according to the type of treatment (insulin, metformin, glyburide). IGDMtr had higher overall adiposity (mean difference, 95% confidence interval) measured with FM (68.46 g, 29.91 to 107.01) and %FM (1.98%, 0.54 to 3.42) but similar subcutaneous adiposity measured with SFT, compared to infants exposed to normal glucose tolerance (INGT). This suggests that IGDMtr may be characterised by excess fat accrual in internal adipose tissue. Given that intra-abdominal adiposity is a major risk factor for metabolic disorders, future studies should distinguish adipose tissue distribution of IGDMtr and INGT.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040835
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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