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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Shear wave splitting, continental keels, and patterns of mantle flow
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2000
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth Vol. 105, No. B3 ( 2000-03-10), p. 6255-6275
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 105, No. B3 ( 2000-03-10), p. 6255-6275
    Abstract: In this study we investigated the origin of seismic anisotropy in the mantle beneath North America. In particular, we evaluated whether shear wave splitting patterns in eastern North America are better explained by anisotropy caused by lithospheric deformation, anisotropy due to mantle flow beneath the lithosphere, or a combination of both. We examined new measurements of shear wave splitting from the Missouri to Massachusetts broadband seismometer array (MOMA), the North American Mantle Anisotropy and Discontinuity experiment (NOMAD), as well as splitting parameters from several previous studies. We developed a simple finite difference model that approximates mantle flow around a complex, three‐dimensional continental lithospheric keel. To evaluate potential anisotropy from mantle flow beneath the lithosphere in eastern North America, we compared shear wave splitting observations to predicted splitting parameters calculated using this mantle flow model. Our results indicate that a significant portion of observed shear wave splitting in eastern North America can be explained by mantle flow around the continental keel. However, shear wave splitting patterns in a few regions of eastern North America indicate that a component of lithospheric anisotropy must exist, particularly in regions containing the largest keel thicknesses. For eastern North America, as well as for splitting observations in Australia, Europe, and South America, we favor a model in which anisotropy is controlled by a combination of both lithospheric deformation and subcontinental mantle flow.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/1999JB900372
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2000
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    SSG: 16,13
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Thank You to Our 2020 Reviewers
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2021
    In:  Perspectives of Earth and Space Scientists Vol. 2, No. 1 ( 2021-12-23)
    Details
    In: Perspectives of Earth and Space Scientists, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 2, No. 1 ( 2021-12-23)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2637-6989 , 2637-6989
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2021CN000147
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pacific intraplate seismicity reexamined
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1991
    In:  Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union Vol. 72, No. 43 ( 1991-10-22), p. 468-468
    Details
    In: Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 72, No. 43 ( 1991-10-22), p. 468-468
    Abstract: Extensive and comprehensive examination of all recorded earthquakes occurring during 1913–1988 in the intraplate regions of the Pacific Ocean crust shows that Pacific Basin intraplate earthquakes are much less frequent than previous catalogs and maps have suggested “Wysession et ai, 1991”. Of the 894 earthquakes considered for study that were not part of localized swarms (which account for another 838 teleseismic earthquakes, not including Hawaii), less than half—403—were found to be genuinely intraplate. The examination involved relocating over 500 earthquakes initially identified by other sources—ISC, NEIC, BCIS, etc.—and found that 304 of the supposed intraplate events were actually mislocated plate boundary earthquakes. The remaining listings were typographical bulletin errors, presumed or confirmed nuclear tests, or they contained insufficient data for location). These results, before and after relocation, are shown in Figure 1.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0096-3941 , 2324-9250
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/90EO00335
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1991
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  • 4
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    Shear velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle of Madagascar derived from surface wave tomography
    Elsevier BV ; 2017
    In:  Earth and Planetary Science Letters Vol. 458 ( 2017-01), p. 405-417
    Details
    In: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Elsevier BV, Vol. 458 ( 2017-01), p. 405-417
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-821X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.10.041
    RVK:
    TE 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Developing and Applying a Set of Earth Science Literacy Principles
    Informa UK Limited ; 2012
    In:  Journal of Geoscience Education Vol. 60, No. 2 ( 2012-06-13), p. 95-99
    Details
    In: Journal of Geoscience Education, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 60, No. 2 ( 2012-06-13), p. 95-99
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1089-9995 , 2158-1428
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5408/11-248.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2012
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  • 6
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    Lateral variations at the base of the mantle from profiles of digital S diff data
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2000
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth Vol. 105, No. B3 ( 2000-03-10), p. 6201-6220
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 105, No. B3 ( 2000-03-10), p. 6201-6220
    Abstract: Average long‐wavelength shear velocity structure in several regions at the base of the mantle is determined using the profiles of core‐diffracted SH waves ( SH diff ). There is significant lateral variation in the S diff apparent ray parameters, suggesting considerable lateral shear velocity anomalies in D″, the region just above the core‐mantle boundary (CMB). Apparent ray parameters are determined by least squares fits through the pulse maxima of the instrument‐deconvolved ground displacements, and heterogeneities are quantified through comparisons with reflectivity synthetic ray parameters. Corrections are applied to the data to account for the effects of the Earth's ellipticity and of mantle heterogeneities along the SH diff upswing paths. A total of 161 SH diff profiles were obtained, greatly expanding the number of ray parameter measurements reported in previous studies. Most of the observed slownesses fall in the range between 8.2 and 8.8 s/deg. These correspond to slowness anomalies of ±3.5%. The most robust and extensive feature resolved is under the northern and northeastern Pacific Ocean. The slowest values (Δ p = +4%) occur toward the southeast, and there is a trend toward fast velocities moving to the northern and eastern rims of the Pacific. A model of D″ shear velocities is obtained by converting the slownesses to velocity anomalies, superposing the D″ path profiles onto the CMB, and applying a weighted moving cap spatial average. This model agrees well with many current tomographic models, both at large (∼5000 km) and intermediate (∼1000 km) scales. The fact that this occurs with a different type of data and technique of analysis suggests that we are now able to recognize some of the smaller‐scale lateral variations at the base of the mantle. Locations of fast and slow velocity anomalies at the CMB are consistent with the model of cold paleoslabs ponding at the CMB and forcing D″ rock laterally to form hot aggregates that give rise to plumes in the mantle and hot spots at the surface.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/1999JB900290
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2000
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    SSG: 16,13
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Erratum
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 1996
    In:  Nature Vol. 381, No. 6583 ( 1996-6), p. 562-562
    Details
    In: Nature, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 381, No. 6583 ( 1996-6), p. 562-562
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-0836 , 1476-4687
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/381562b0
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 1996
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    SSG: 11
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    How the core and mantle may produce mantle plumes
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1993
    In:  Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union Vol. 74, No. 4 ( 1993-01-26), p. 46-46
    Details
    In: Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 74, No. 4 ( 1993-01-26), p. 46-46
    Abstract: A new picture of the dynamics at the base of the Earth's mantle is emerging from the integrated work of seismologists, geodynamicists, and geomagnetists. The structure at the core‐mantle boundary (CMB) appears to be influencing convective motions both in the solid silicate mantle and in the liquid‐iron outer core. Such processes are apparently at work at the CMB beneath eastern Indonesia, where very slow seismic velocities suggest an unusually hot region and could signal the birth of a mantle plume. In addition, geomagnetic modeling indicates that rising plumes could exist here in the core, which could represent dynamic coupling between the mantle and core.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0096-3941 , 2324-9250
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/93EO00230
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1993
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Seasonal and Diurnal Variations in Long‐Period Noise at SPREE Stations: The Influence of Soil Characteristics on Shallow Stations’ Performance
    Seismological Society of America (SSA) ; 2015
    In:  Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America Vol. 105, No. 5 ( 2015-10), p. 2433-2452
    Details
    In: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Seismological Society of America (SSA), Vol. 105, No. 5 ( 2015-10), p. 2433-2452
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0037-1106 , 1943-3573
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1785/0120150046
    Language: English
    Publisher: Seismological Society of America (SSA)
    Publication Date: 2015
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    SSG: 16,13
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  • 10
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    Multimodal function optimization with a niching genetic algorithm: A seismological example
    Seismological Society of America (SSA) ; 1999
    In:  Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America Vol. 89, No. 4 ( 1999-08-01), p. 978-988
    Details
    In: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Seismological Society of America (SSA), Vol. 89, No. 4 ( 1999-08-01), p. 978-988
    Abstract: We present a variant of a traditional genetic algorithm, known as a niching genetic algorithm (NGA), which is effective at multimodal function optimization. Such an algorithm is useful for geophysical inverse problems that contain more than one distinct solution. We illustrate the utility of an NGA via a multimodal seismological inverse problem: the inversion of teleseismic body waves for the source parameters of the MW 7.2 Kuril Islands event of 2 February 1996. We assume the source to be a pure double-couple event and so parametrize our models in terms of strike, dip, and slip, guaranteeing that two global minima exist, one of which represents the fault plane and the other the auxiliary plane. We use ray theory to compute the fundamental P and SH synthetic seismograms for a given source-receiver geometry; the synthetics for an arbitrary fault orientation are produced by taking linear combinations of these fundamentals, yielding a computationally fast forward problem. The NGA is successful at determining that two major solutions exist and at maintaining the solutions in a steady state. Several inferior solutions representing local minima of the objective function are found as well. The two best focal solutions we find for the Kuril Islands event are very nearly conjugate planes and are consistent with the focal planes reported by the Harvard CMT project. The solutions indicate thrust movement on a moderately dipping fault—a source typical of the convergent margin near the Kuril Islands.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1943-3573 , 0037-1106
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1785/BSSA0890040978
    Language: English
    Publisher: Seismological Society of America (SSA)
    Publication Date: 1999
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    SSG: 16,13
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