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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pediatric health care professionals’ vaccine knowledge, awareness and attitude: a survey within the Italian Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  Italian Journal of Pediatrics Vol. 47, No. 1 ( 2021-12)
    Details
    In: Italian Journal of Pediatrics, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 47, No. 1 ( 2021-12)
    Abstract: Physicians play a key role in driving vaccine acceptance and their recommendations are crucial to address vaccine hesitancy. The aim of the study was to assess knowledge, awareness and attitude of Italian Pediatric Health Care Professionals (pHCPs) on vaccinations. Methods An anonymous on-line questionnaire was developed within the Vaccine Committee of Italian Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (SIAIP) and spontaneously completed by 231 Pediatricians and Pediatric Nurses (PN). Results An accurate vaccine education was reported by 70% of pediatricians and 13% of PN but 11% of pediatricians versus 26% of PN consult social media instead of scientific sources for their vaccine update. The investigation on the pHCPs attitudes to vaccination in a personal and family setting highlights poor adherence to vaccinations. Only 63% of pediatricians versus 16% of PN ( p   〈  0.0001) annually received the Flu vaccine. In their family setting 93% of pediatricians versus 51% of PN recommended all vaccinations ( p   〈  0.0001). Anti-flu, anti-rotavirus, anti-zoster and anti-pneumococcal vaccines were not regularly recommended by all pHCPs due to doubts of uselessness (55% of pediatricians versus 40% of PN) and preference for “natural immunity” (44% of pediatricians versus 40% of PN). Conclusions Our results indicate that pHCPs’ attitude and confidence in regards to vaccines remain suboptimal. Current COVID-19 pandemic and the rapid development of vaccines could increase vaccine hesitancy. Due to the documented pHCPs’ influence in the parental decision, educational interventions are needed to improve their level of knowledge and counselling skills in order to address parental vaccine hesitancy and to maintain continuity of immunization services.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1824-7288
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s13052-021-01090-9
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2084688-5
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  • 2
    Online Resource
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    Fatty-Acid-Based Membrane Lipidome Profile of Peanut Allergy Patients: An Exploratory Study of a Lifelong Health Condition
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 1 ( 2022-12-21), p. 120-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 1 ( 2022-12-21), p. 120-
    Abstract: Peanut allergy is a lifelong, increasingly prevalent, and potentially life-threatening disease burdening families and communities. Dietary, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), intakes can exert positive effects on immune and inflammatory responses, and the red blood cell (RBC) membrane lipidome contains stabilized metabolic and nutritional information connected with such responses. The fatty-acid-based membrane lipidome profile has been exploratorily evaluated in a small cohort of patients (eight males and one female, age range 4.1–21.7 years old, body mass index BMI 〈 25) with angioedema and/or anaphylaxis after peanut ingestion. This analysis was performed according to an ISO 17025 certified robotic protocol, isolating mature RBCs, extracting membrane lipids, and transforming them to fatty acid methyl esters for gas chromatography recognition and quantification. Comparison with a group of age- and BMI-matched healthy individuals and with benchmark interval values of a healthy population evidenced significant differences, such as higher levels of ω-6 (arachidonic acid), lower values of ω-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), together with an increased ω-6/ω-3 ratio in allergic patients. A significant inverse correlation was also found between specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and ω-6 di-homo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) and total PUFAs. Results of this preliminary study encourage screenings in larger cohorts, also in view of precision nutrition and nutraceuticals strategies, and stimulate interest to expand basic and applied research for unveiling molecular mechanisms that are still missing and individuating treatments in chronic allergic disorders.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010120
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
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    One step closer to influenza vaccine inclusiveness
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Vol. 31, No. S26 ( 2020-11), p. 69-71
    Details
    In: Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Wiley, Vol. 31, No. S26 ( 2020-11), p. 69-71
    Abstract: Flu virus infection is a common cause of acute respiratory illness, with the major incidence in pediatric age, high morbidity, and mortality. The flu vaccine is recommended for all people aged ≥6 months, unless specific contraindications are present. Younger and older age, pregnancy, chronic diseases like asthma, and immunodeficiency are risk factors for severe complications following flu infection. Thus, these categories represent the target for flu vaccine strategies in most countries. Inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV), recombinant influenza vaccine (RIV) or live‐attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) are currently available, with specific precautions and contraindications. We aim to resume the current indications for vaccines in the vulnerable populations to support flu vaccination inclusiveness, in anticipation of a “universal vaccine” strategy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0905-6157 , 1399-3038
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/pai.v31.s26
    DOI: 10.1111/pai.13338
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008584-9
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  • 4
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    Secondary rituximab‐associated versus primary immunodeficiencies: The enigmatic border
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  European Journal of Immunology Vol. 52, No. 10 ( 2022-10), p. 1572-1580
    Details
    In: European Journal of Immunology, Wiley, Vol. 52, No. 10 ( 2022-10), p. 1572-1580
    Abstract: Rituximab (RTX), a chimeric monoclonal antibody targeting CD20‐positive cells, is a valuable treatment option for malignant and benign immune‐related disorders. The rationale of targeting the CD20 antigen relies on depletion of both healthy and autoreactive/malignant CD20‐espressing cells, but normal B‐cell reconstitution is expected within months after treatment. Nevertheless, a number of recent studies have documented prolonged B‐cell deficiency associated with new‐onset hypogammaglobulinemia in patients receiving RTX. Awareness of post‐RTX hypogammaglobulinemia has become wider among clinicians, with a growing number of reports about the increased incidence, especially in children. Although these patients were previously regarded as affected by secondary/iatrogenic immunodeficiency, atypical clinical and immunological manifestations (e.g., severe or opportunistic infections; prolonged B‐cell aplasia) raise concerns of delayed manifestations of genetic immunological disorders that have been unveiled by B‐cell perturbation. As more patients with undiagnosed primary immune deficiency receiving RTX have been identified, it remains the challenge in discerning those that might display a higher risk of persistent RTX‐associated hypogammaglobulinemia and need a tailored immunology follow‐up. In this review, we summarize the principal evidence regarding post‐RTX hypogammaglobulinemia and provide a guideline for identifying patients at higher risk of RTX‐associated hypogammaglobulinemia that could harbor an inborn error of immunity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0014-2980 , 1521-4141
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/eji.v52.10
    DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149667
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1491907-2
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Analysis of Gut Microbiota in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: Disease-Related Dysbiosis and Modifications Induced by Etanercept
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 19, No. 10 ( 2018-09-27), p. 2938-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 10 ( 2018-09-27), p. 2938-
    Abstract: A certain number of studies were carried out to address the question of how dysbiosis could affect the onset and development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but little is known about the reciprocal influence between microbiota composition and immunosuppressive drugs, and how this interaction may have an impact on the clinical outcome. The aim of this study was to characterize the intestinal microbiota in a groups of RA patients treatment-naïve, under methotrexate, and/or etanercept (ETN). Correlations between the gut microbiota composition and validated immunological and clinical parameters of disease activity were also evaluated. In the current study, a 16S analysis was employed to explore the gut microbiota of 42 patients affected by RA and 10 healthy controls. Disease activity score on 28 joints (DAS-28), erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, rheumatoid factor, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides, and dietary and smoking habits were assessed. The composition of the gut microbiota in RA patients free of therapy is characterized by several abnormalities compared to healthy controls. Gut dysbiosis in RA patients is associated with different serological and clinical parameters; in particular, the phylum of Euryarchaeota was directly correlated to DAS and emerged as an independent risk factor. Patients under treatment with ETN present a partial restoration of a beneficial microbiota. The results of our study confirm that gut dysbiosis is a hallmark of the disease, and shows, for the first time, that the anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) ETN is able to modify microbial communities, at least partially restoring a beneficial microbiota.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102938
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
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    Consensus statement of the Italian society of pediatric allergy and immunology for the pragmatic management of children and adolescents with allergic or immunological diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2020
    In:  Italian Journal of Pediatrics Vol. 46, No. 1 ( 2020-12)
    Details
    In: Italian Journal of Pediatrics, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 46, No. 1 ( 2020-12)
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has surprised the entire population. The world has had to face an unprecedented pandemic. Only, Spanish flu had similar disastrous consequences. As a result, drastic measures (lockdown) have been adopted worldwide. Healthcare service has been overwhelmed by the extraordinary influx of patients, often requiring high intensity of care. Mortality has been associated with severe comorbidities, including chronic diseases. Patients with frailty were, therefore, the victim of the SARS-COV-2 infection. Allergy and asthma are the most prevalent chronic disorders in children and adolescents, so they need careful attention and, if necessary, an adaptation of their regular treatment plans. Fortunately, at present, young people are less suffering from COVID-19, both as incidence and severity. However, any age, including infancy, could be affected by the pandemic. Based on this background, the Italian Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology has felt it necessary to provide a Consensus Statement. This expert panel consensus document offers a rationale to help guide decision-making in the management of children and adolescents with allergic or immunologic diseases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1824-7288
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s13052-020-00843-2
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2084688-5
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  • 7
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    Vaccinations in Children and Adolescents Treated With Immune-Modifying Biologics: Update and Current Developments
    Elsevier BV ; 2022
    In:  The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2022-06), p. 1485-1496
    Details
    In: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, Elsevier BV, Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2022-06), p. 1485-1496
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2213-2198
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.01.007
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 8
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    The Protective Role of Maternal Immunization in Early Life
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Pediatrics Vol. 9 ( 2021-4-28)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Pediatrics, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2021-4-28)
    Abstract: With birth, the newborn is transferred from a quasi-sterile environment to the outside world. At this time, the neonatal immune system is inexperienced and continuously subject to a process of development as it encounters different antigenic stimuli after birth. It is initially characterized by a bias toward T helper 2 phenotype, reduced T helper 1, and cytotoxic responses to microbial stimuli, low levels of memory, and effector T and B cells and a high production of suppressive T regulatory cells. The aim of this setting, during fetal life, is to maintain an anti-inflammatory state and immune-tolerance. Maternal antibodies are transferred during pregnancy through the placenta and, in the first weeks of life of the newborn, they represent a powerful tool for protection. Thus, optimization of vaccination in pregnancy represents an important strategy to reduce the burden of neonatal infections and sepsis. Beneficial effects of maternal immunization are universally recognized, although the optimal timing of vaccination in pregnancy remains to be defined. Interestingly, the dynamic exchange that takes place at the fetal-maternal interface allows the transfer not only of antibodies, but also of maternal antigen presenting cells, probably in order to stimulate the developing fetal immune system in a harmless way. There are still controversial effects related to maternal immunization including the so called “immunology blunting,” i.e., a dampened antibody production following infant's vaccination in those infants who received placentally transferred maternal immunity. However, clinical relevance of this phenomenon is still not clear. This review will provide an overview of the evolution of the immune system in early life and discuss the benefits of maternal vaccination. Current maternal vaccination policies and their rationale will be summarized on the road to promising approaches to enhance immunity in the neonate.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-2360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.638871
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2711999-3
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  • 9
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    Novel artful applications of vaccines at the horizon
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Vol. 33, No. S27 ( 2022-01), p. 83-85
    Details
    In: Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Wiley, Vol. 33, No. S27 ( 2022-01), p. 83-85
    Abstract: Some live vaccines, particularly Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG), oral polio vaccine (OPV), and measles vaccine, can reduce the incidence of all‐cause mortality by outreaching the mere control of specific infections and exerting off‐target effects. Asides from the prevention of viral infection, some other vaccines, such as those against flu or rotavirus, could reduce the risk of developing autoimmunity. The nonspecific effects of vaccines are mediated by the innate immune system, mainly through the so‐called trained innate immunity. These observations paved the way for developing tolerogenic and trained immunity‐based vaccines with substantial implications for more effective use of vaccines and combat vaccine hesitancy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0905-6157 , 1399-3038
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/pai.v33.s27
    DOI: 10.1111/pai.13638
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008584-9
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    DataSheet_1.docx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Immunology Vol. 13 ( 2022-1-26)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2022-1-26)
    Abstract: The study of inborn errors of immunity (IEI) provides unique opportunities to elucidate the microbiome and pathogenic mechanisms related to severe viral infection. Several immunological and genetic anomalies may contribute to the susceptibility to develop Human Papillomavirus (HPV) pathogenesis. They include different acquired immunodeficiencies, EVER1-2 or CIB1 mutations underlying epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) syndrome and multiple IEI. Whereas EV syndrome patients are specifically unable to control infections with beta HPV, individuals with IEI show broader infectious and immune phenotypes. The WHIM (warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infection, and myelokathexis) syndrome caused by gain-of- CXCR4 -function mutation manifests by HPV-induced extensive cutaneous warts but also anogenital lesions that eventually progress to dysplasia. Here we report alterations of B and NK cells in a female patient suffering from cutaneous and mucosal HPV-induced lesions due to an as-yet unidentified genetic defect. Despite no detected mutations in CXCR4 , B but not NK cells displayed a defective CXCR4-dependent chemotactic response toward CXCL12. In addition, NK cells showed an abnormal distribution with an expanded CD56 bright cell subset and defective cytotoxicity of CD56 dim cells. Our observations extend the clinical and immunological spectrum of IEI associated with selective susceptibility toward HPV pathogenesis, thus providing new insight on the immune control of HPV infection and potential host susceptibility factors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-3224
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.799564
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.799564.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606827-8
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