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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Thermohaline Modes of the Global Ocean
    American Meteorological Society ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography Vol. 49, No. 10 ( 2019-10), p. 2535-2552
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 49, No. 10 ( 2019-10), p. 2535-2552
    Abstract: The first 2000 m of the global thermohaline structure of the ocean are statistically decomposed into vertical thermohaline modes, using a multivariate functional principal component analysis (FPCA). This method is applied on the Monthly Isopycnal and Mixed-Layer Ocean Climatology (MIMOC). The first three modes account for 92% of the joint temperature and salinity ( T – S ) variance, which yields a surprisingly good reduction of dimensionality. The first mode (69% of the variance) is related to the thermocline depth and delineates the subtropical gyres. The second mode (18%) is mostly driven by salinity and mainly displays the asymmetry between the North Pacific and Atlantic basins and the salty circumpolar deep waters in the Southern Ocean. The third mode (5%) identifies the low- and high-salinity intermediate waters, covarying with the freshwater inputs of the upper ocean. The representation of the ocean in the space defined by the first three modes offers a simple visualization of the global thermohaline structure that strikingly emphasizes the role of the Southern Ocean in linking and distributing water masses to the other basins. The vertical thermohaline modes offer a convenient framework for model and observation data comparison. This is illustrated by projecting the repeated Pacific section P16 together with profiles from the Array for Real-Time Geostrophic Oceanography (ARGO) global array of profiling floats on the modes defined with the climatology MIMOC. These thermohaline modes have a potential for water mass identification and robust analysis of heat and salt content.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3670 , 1520-0485
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JPO-D-19-0120.1
    DOI: 10.1175/jpo-d-19-0120.s1
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2042184-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 184162-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Correction for the Thermal Mass–Induced Errors of CTD Tags Mounted on Marine Mammals
    American Meteorological Society ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology Vol. 35, No. 6 ( 2018-06), p. 1237-1252
    Details
    In: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 35, No. 6 ( 2018-06), p. 1237-1252
    Abstract: The effect of thermal mass on the salinity estimate from conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) tags sensor mounted on marine mammals is documented, and a correction scheme is proposed to mitigate its impact. The algorithm developed here allows for a direct correction of the salinity data, rather than a correction of the sample’s conductivity and temperature. The amplitude of the thermal mass–induced error on salinity and its correction are evaluated via comparison between data from CTD tags and from Sea-Bird Scientific CTD used as a reference. Thermal mass error on salinity appears to be generally O (10 −2 ) g kg −1 , it may reach O (10 −1 ) g kg −1 , and it tends to increase together with the magnitude of the cumulated temperature gradient ( T HP ) within the water column. The correction we propose yields an error decrease of up to ~60% if correction coefficients specific to a certain tag or environment are calculated, and up to 50% if a default value for the coefficients is provided. The correction with the default coefficients was also evaluated using over 22 000 in situ dive data from five tags deployed in the Southern Ocean and is found to yield significant and systematic improvements on the salinity data, including for profiles whose T HP was weak and the error small. The correction proposed here yields substantial improvements in the density estimates, although a thermal mass–induced error in temperature measurements exists for very large T HP and has yet to be corrected.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0739-0572 , 1520-0426
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JTECH-D-17-0141.1
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021720-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 48441-6
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Correction and Accuracy of High- and Low-Resolution CTD Data from Animal-Borne Instruments
    American Meteorological Society ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology Vol. 36, No. 5 ( 2019-05), p. 745-760
    Details
    In: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 36, No. 5 ( 2019-05), p. 745-760
    Abstract: Most available CTD Satellite Relay Data Logger (CTD-SRDL) profiles are heavily compressed before satellite transmission. High-resolution profiles recorded at the sampling frequency of 0.5 Hz are, however, available upon physical retrieval of the logger. Between 2014 and 2018, several loggers deployed on elephant seals in the Southern Ocean have been set in continuous recording mode, capturing both the ascent and descent for over 60 profiles per day during several months, opening new horizons for the physical oceanography community. Taking advantage of a new dataset made of seven such loggers, a postprocessing procedure is proposed and validated to improve the quality of all CTD-SRDL data: that is, both high-resolution profiles and compressed low-resolution ones. First, temperature and conductivity are corrected for a thermal mass effect. Then salinity spiking and density inversion are removed by adjusting salinity while leaving temperature unchanged. This method, applied here to more than 50 000 profiles, yields significant and systematic improvements in both temperature and salinity, particularly in regions of rapid temperature variation. The continuous high-resolution dataset is then used to provide updated accuracy estimates of CTD-SRDL data. For high-resolution data, accuracies are estimated to be of ±0.02°C for temperature and ±0.03 g kg −1 for salinity. For low-resolution data, transmitted data points have similar accuracies; however, reconstructed temperature profiles have a reduced accuracy associated with the vertical interpolation of ±0.04°C and a nearly unchanged salinity accuracy of ±0.03 g kg −1 .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0739-0572 , 1520-0426
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JTECH-D-18-0170.1
    DOI: 10.1175/jtech-d-18-0170.s1
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021720-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 48441-6
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    On the Patterns of Wind-Power Input to the Ocean Circulation
    American Meteorological Society ; 2011
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography Vol. 41, No. 12 ( 2011-12-01), p. 2328-2342
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 41, No. 12 ( 2011-12-01), p. 2328-2342
    Abstract: Pathways of wind-power input into the ocean general circulation are analyzed using Ekman theory. Direct rates of wind work can be calculated through the wind stress acting on the surface geostrophic flow. However, because that energy is transported laterally in the Ekman layer, the injection into the geostrophic interior is actually controlled by Ekman pumping, with a pattern determined by the wind curl rather than the wind itself. Regions of power injection into the geostrophic interior are thus generally shifted poleward compared to regions of direct wind-power input, most notably in the Southern Ocean, where on average energy enters the interior 10° south of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current core. An interpretation of the wind-power input to the interior is proposed, expressed as a downward flux of pressure work. This energy flux is a measure of the work done by the Ekman pumping against the surface elevation pressure, helping to maintain the observed anomaly of sea surface height relative to the global-mean sea level.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3670 , 1520-0485
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JPO-D-11-024.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2042184-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 184162-2
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of the Asymmetry between Surface and Interior Flow on the Dynamics of a Thermohaline Loop
    American Meteorological Society ; 2015
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography Vol. 45, No. 10 ( 2015-10), p. 2544-2563
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 45, No. 10 ( 2015-10), p. 2544-2563
    Abstract: Large-scale overturning cells in the ocean typically combine an essentially horizontal surface branch and an interior branch below, where the circulation spans both horizontal and vertical scales. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of this asymmetry between the two branches by “folding” a one-dimensional thermohaline loop, such that its lower part remains vertical while its upper part is folded down into the horizontal plane. It is found that both the transitory response and the distribution of thermohaline properties are modified significantly when the loop is folded. In some cases, velocity oscillations are induced during the spinup that were not seen in the unfolded case. This is because a circular loop allows for compensations between the density torques produced above and below the heat forcing level, while such compensations are not possible in the folded loop because of the horizontal direction of the surface circulation. Furthermore, the dynamical effects associated with nonlinearities of the equation of state are significantly altered by the folding. Cabbeling tends to decelerate the flow in the folded loop, instead of accelerating it as in the circular case, and can also act to dampen velocity oscillations. Thermobaricity also alters the loop circulation, although comparatively less.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3670 , 1520-0485
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JPO-D-15-0022.1
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2042184-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 184162-2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Marine Mammals Exploring the Oceans Pole to Pole: A Review of the MEOP Consortium
    The Oceanography Society ; 2017
    In:  Oceanography Vol. 30, No. 2 ( 2017-06-01), p. 132-138
    Details
    In: Oceanography, The Oceanography Society, Vol. 30, No. 2 ( 2017-06-01), p. 132-138
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1042-8275
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5670/oceanog
    DOI: 10.5670/oceanog.2017.234
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: The Oceanography Society
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1167549-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2268693-9
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Winter use of sea ice and ocean water mass habitat by southern elephant seals: The length and breadth of the mystery
    Elsevier BV ; 2015
    In:  Progress in Oceanography Vol. 137 ( 2015-09), p. 52-68
    Details
    In: Progress in Oceanography, Elsevier BV, Vol. 137 ( 2015-09), p. 52-68
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0079-6611
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.05.023
    RVK:
    RB 10402
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1497436-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 4062-9
    SSG: 21,3
    SSG: 14
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Role of Stokes Drift in the Dispersal of North Atlantic Surface Marine Debris
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science Vol. 8 ( 2021-8-17)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 8 ( 2021-8-17)
    Abstract: Understanding the physical mechanisms behind the transport and accumulation of floating objects in the ocean is crucial to efficiently tackle the issue of marine pollution. The main sinks of marine plastic are the coast and the bottom sediment. This study focuses on the former, investigating the timescales of dispersal from the ocean surface and onto coastal accumulation areas through a process called “beaching.” Previous studies found that the Stokes drift can reach the same magnitude as the Eulerian current speed and that it has a long-term effect on the trajectories of floating objects. Two particle tracking models (PTMs) are carried out and then compared, one with and one without Stokes drift, named PTM-SD and PTM-REF , respectively. Eulerian velocity and Stokes drift data from global reanalysis datasets are used for particle advection. Particles in the PTM-SD model are found to beach at a yearly rate that is double the rate observed in PTM-REF . The main coastal attractors are consistent with the direction of large-scale atmospheric circulation (Westerlies and Trade Winds). After 12 years (at the end of the run), the amount of beached particles is 20% larger in PTM-SD than in PTM-REF . Long-term predictions carried out with the aid of adjacency matrices found that after 100 years all particles have beached in PTM-SD , while 8% of the all seeded particles are still floating in PTM-REF . The results confirm the need to accurately represent the Stokes drift in particle models attempting to predict the behaviour of marine debris, in order to avoid overestimation of its residence time in the ocean and effectively guide policies toward prevention and removal.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-7745
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.697430
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2757748-X
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Variability and Remote Controls of the Warm‐Water Halo and Taylor Cap at Maud Rise
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 128, No. 7 ( 2023-07)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 128, No. 7 ( 2023-07)
    Abstract: Interannual variability of the subsurface temperature maximum at Maud Rise is documented with observations Advection of anomalously cold and fresh deep waters from the Weddell Gyre into the Halo leads to a near‐vanishing of the Taylor Cap in 2014 Observed warming of the subsurface layer in the Taylor Cap due to eddy transport preceded the polynya opening in 2016–2017
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2169-9275 , 2169-9291
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2022JC019517
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016804-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161667-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094219-6
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The nonlinear equation of state of sea water and the global water mass distribution
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2015
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 42, No. 18 ( 2015-09-28), p. 7714-7721
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 42, No. 18 ( 2015-09-28), p. 7714-7721
    Abstract: The formation of AAIW depends on cabbeling The layering of NADW and AABW depends on thermobaricity A theory of the water mass distribution must use a nonlinear equation of state
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276 , 1944-8007
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/grl.v42.18
    DOI: 10.1002/2015GL065525
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021599-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 7403-2
    SSG: 16,13
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