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  • 1
    In: European Radiology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 33, No. 10 ( 2023-05-01), p. 7160-7167
    Abstract: The precise segmentation of atrophic structures remains challenging in neurodegenerative diseases. We determined the performance of a Deep Neural Patchwork (DNP) in comparison to established segmentation algorithms regarding the ability to delineate the putamen in multiple system atrophy (MSA), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and healthy controls. Methods We retrospectively included patients with MSA and PD as well as healthy controls. A DNP was trained on manual segmentations of the putamen as ground truth. For this, the cohort was randomly split into a training ( N  = 131) and test set ( N  = 120). The DNP’s performance was compared with putaminal segmentations as derived by Automatic Anatomic Labelling, Freesurfer and Fastsurfer. For validation, we assessed the diagnostic accuracy of the resulting segmentations in the delineation of MSA vs. PD and healthy controls. Results A total of 251 subjects (61 patients with MSA, 158 patients with PD, and 32 healthy controls; mean age of 61.5 ± 8.8 years) were included. Compared to the dice-coefficient of the DNP (0.96), we noted significantly weaker performance for AAL3 (0.72; p   〈  .001), Freesurfer (0.82; p   〈  .001), and Fastsurfer (0.84, p   〈  .001). This was corroborated by the superior diagnostic performance of MSA vs. PD and HC of the DNP (AUC 0.93) versus the AUC of 0.88 for AAL3 ( p  = 0.02), 0.86 for Freesurfer ( p  = 0.048), and 0.85 for Fastsurfer ( p  = 0.04). Conclusion By utilization of a DNP, accurate segmentations of the putamen can be obtained even if substantial atrophy is present. This allows for more precise extraction of imaging parameters or shape features from the putamen in relevant patient cohorts. Clinical relevance statement Deep learning-based segmentation of the putamen was superior to currently available algorithms and is beneficial for the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy. Key Points • A Deep Neural Patchwork precisely delineates the putamen and performs equal to human labeling in multiple system atrophy, even when pronounced putaminal volume loss is present. • The Deep Neural Patchwork–based segmentation was more capable to differentiate between multiple system atrophy and Parkinson’s disease than the AAL3 atlas, Freesurfer, or Fastsurfer.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 2
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2024-01-02)
    Abstract: By means of a nationwide, prospective, multicenter, observational cohort registry collecting data on 7375 patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 admitted to children's hospitals in Germany, March 2020–November 2022, our study assessed the clinical features of children and adolescents hospitalized due to SARS-CoV-2, evaluated which of these patients might be at highest risk for severe COVID-19, and identified underlying risk factors. Outcomes tracked included: symptomatic infection, case fatality, sequelae at discharge and severe disease. Among reported cases, median age was one year, with 42% being infants. Half were admitted for reasons other than SARS-CoV-2. In 27%, preexisting comorbidities were present, most frequently obesity, neurological/neuromuscular disorders, premature birth, and respiratory, cardiovascular or gastrointestinal diseases. 3.0% of cases were admitted to ICU, but ICU admission rates varied as different SARS-CoV-2 variants gained prevalence. Main risk factors linked to ICU admission due to COVID-19 were: patient age ( 〉  12 and 1–4 years old), obesity, neurological/neuromuscular diseases, Trisomy 21 or other genetic syndromes, and coinfections at time of hospitalization. With Omicron, the group at highest risk shifted to 1–4-year-olds. For both health care providers and the general public, understanding risk factors for severe disease is critical to informing decisions about risk-reduction measures, including vaccination and masking guidelines.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2615211-3
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  • 3
    In: Brain, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 144, No. 4 ( 2021-05-07), p. 1263-1276
    Abstract: During the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, neurological symptoms increasingly moved into the focus of interest. In this prospective cohort study, we assessed neurological and cognitive symptoms in hospitalized coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) patients and aimed to determine their neuronal correlates. Patients with reverse transcription-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 infection who required inpatient treatment primarily because of non-neurological complications were screened between 20 April 2020 and 12 May 2020. Patients (age & gt; 18 years) were included in our cohort when presenting with at least one new neurological symptom (defined as impaired gustation and/or olfaction, performance & lt; 26 points on a Montreal Cognitive Assessment and/or pathological findings on clinical neurological examination). Patients with ≥2 new symptoms were eligible for further diagnostics using comprehensive neuropsychological tests, cerebral MRI and 18fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET as soon as infectivity was no longer present. Exclusion criteria were: premorbid diagnosis of cognitive impairment, neurodegenerative diseases or intensive care unit treatment. Of 41 COVID-19 inpatients screened, 29 patients (65.2 ± 14.4 years; 38% female) in the subacute stage of disease were included in the register. Most frequently, gustation and olfaction were disturbed in 29/29 and 25/29 patients, respectively. Montreal Cognitive Assessment performance was impaired in 18/26 patients (mean score 21.8/30) with emphasis on frontoparietal cognitive functions. This was confirmed by detailed neuropsychological testing in 15 patients. 18FDG PET revealed pathological results in 10/15 patients with predominant frontoparietal hypometabolism. This pattern was confirmed by comparison with a control sample using voxel-wise principal components analysis, which showed a high correlation (R2 = 0.62) with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment performance. Post-mortem examination of one patient revealed white matter microglia activation but no signs of neuroinflammation. Neocortical dysfunction accompanied by cognitive decline was detected in a relevant fraction of patients with subacute COVID-19 initially requiring inpatient treatment. This is of major rehabilitative and socioeconomic relevance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0006-8950 , 1460-2156
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
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    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    In: Nature Communications, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 15, No. 1 ( 2024-05-18)
    Abstract: After contracting COVID-19, a substantial number of individuals develop a Post-COVID-Condition, marked by neurologic symptoms such as cognitive deficits, olfactory dysfunction, and fatigue. Despite this, biomarkers and pathophysiological understandings of this condition remain limited. Employing magnetic resonance imaging, we conduct a comparative analysis of cerebral microstructure among patients with Post-COVID-Condition, healthy controls, and individuals that contracted COVID-19 without long-term symptoms. We reveal widespread alterations in cerebral microstructure, attributed to a shift in volume from neuronal compartments to free fluid, associated with the severity of the initial infection. Correlating these alterations with cognition, olfaction, and fatigue unveils distinct affected networks, which are in close anatomical-functional relationship with the respective symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2041-1723
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2553671-0
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Elsevier BV ; 2015
    In:  Vaccine Vol. 33, No. 29 ( 2015-06), p. 3273-
    In: Vaccine, Elsevier BV, Vol. 33, No. 29 ( 2015-06), p. 3273-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0264-410X
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 6
    In: International Journal of Epidemiology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 52, No. 2 ( 2023-04-19), p. 355-376
    Abstract: We describe demographic features, treatments and clinical outcomes in the International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) COVID-19 cohort, one of the world's largest international, standardized data sets concerning hospitalized patients. Methods The data set analysed includes COVID-19 patients hospitalized between January 2020 and January 2022 in 52 countries. We investigated how symptoms on admission, co-morbidities, risk factors and treatments varied by age, sex and other characteristics. We used Cox regression models to investigate associations between demographics, symptoms, co-morbidities and other factors with risk of death, admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Results Data were available for 689 572 patients with laboratory-confirmed (91.1%) or clinically diagnosed (8.9%) SARS-CoV-2 infection from 52 countries. Age [adjusted hazard ratio per 10 years 1.49 (95% CI 1.48, 1.49)] and male sex [1.23 (1.21, 1.24)] were associated with a higher risk of death. Rates of admission to an ICU and use of IMV increased with age up to age 60 years then dropped. Symptoms, co-morbidities and treatments varied by age and had varied associations with clinical outcomes. The case-fatality ratio varied by country partly due to differences in the clinical characteristics of recruited patients and was on average 21.5%. Conclusions Age was the strongest determinant of risk of death, with a ∼30-fold difference between the oldest and youngest groups; each of the co-morbidities included was associated with up to an almost 2-fold increase in risk. Smoking and obesity were also associated with a higher risk of death. The size of our international database and the standardized data collection method make this study a comprehensive international description of COVID-19 clinical features. Our findings may inform strategies that involve prioritization of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 who have a higher risk of death.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0300-5771 , 1464-3685
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 7
    In: AIDS, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 36, No. 11 ( 2022-09-01), p. 1613-1615
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0269-9370 , 1473-5571
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2022
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2012212-3
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  • 8
    In: Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Abstract: Humoral immune responses after BNT162b2 vaccination are predominantly composed of immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 and IgG3 subclass antibodies. As previously described in adults, S1-specific and receptor-binding domain–specific IgG4 levels increase significantly 1 year after the second BNT162b2 vaccination in children 5-11 years of age. Understanding mRNA vaccine–specific IgG4 responses in all age groups is crucial as more mRNA vaccines will reach licensure in the coming years.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0891-3668
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 392481-6
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  • 9
    In: Diabetes, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 72, No. Supplement_1 ( 2023-06-20)
    Abstract: Objective: The Michigan Collaborative for Type 2 Diabetes (MCT2D) is a state-wide quality initiative supported by Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan. MCT2D aims to improve type 2 diabetes care by encouraging prescribing of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), SGLT2i/GLP-1RA medications, and low carbohydrate diets. The study’s purpose was to describe clinic-level resources and barriers to CGM initiation in counties with high and low social vulnerabilities. Methods: We surveyed primary care practice providers about practice-level CGM patient education and barriers, and providers’ understanding of insurance coverage. 169 of 264 practices (64%) completed the survey. We classified practices as high vulnerability (HV; quartile 4), or low vulnerability (LV; quartiles 1-3) using the county-level CDC Social Vulnerability Index. Results: Among HV practices, the main CGM education was prescriber instruction (61.5%), while for LV it was printed material (69.8%). For both HV and LV practices the second most common educational resource was web links (53.9% and 51.6%, respectively). For both practice types, the most common barrier to CGM was patients’ lack of smartphone (60.5%, 62.4%, respectively), followed by patients’ lack of internet (55.3%) for HV practices and patients’ ability to use CGM (38.5%) for LV practices. Provider understanding of Michigan Medicaid CGM coverage policy was similar across practices with most reporting incorrectly that it was akin to Medicare (≥3 injections daily) (35.3% (HV) and 44.0% (LV)) or reporting lack of awareness of coverage (32.4% (HV) and 24.1% (LV)). Conclusions: There is a mismatch between practices’ educational approaches and patients’ access to technology. Improved transparency of CGM coverage criteria would enhance provider understanding and promote equitable access for patients. Limitations include that the data is county-level and further analysis evaluating other practice level social determinants of health is needed. Disclosure K.L.Khosrovaneh: None. R.Busui: Board Member; American Diabetes Association, Consultant; Averitas Pharma, Inc., Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Nevro Corp., Novo Nordisk, Roche Diagnostics, Procter & Gamble, Research Support; Novo Nordisk, Medtronic, National Institutes of Health. C.D.Jamison: None. C.R.Richardson: Other Relationship; Annals of Family Medicine, JMIR Diabetes, Research Support; Dexcom, Inc., Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan, Neilson Foundation. H.L.Diez: None. J.E.Aikens: None. L.Oshman: Stock/Shareholder; Abbott, AbbVie Inc., Merck & Co., Inc., Procter & Gamble, Johnson & Johnson, Eli Lilly and Company. J.Rau: None. J.Reiss: None. L.A.Young: None. J.Weisensel: None. P.Okeke: None. K.R.Mizokami-stout: None.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-1797
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 10
    In: Clinical Neuroradiology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 34, No. 2 ( 2024-06), p. 411-420
    Abstract: Various MRI-based techniques were tested for the differentiation of neurodegenerative Parkinson syndromes (NPS); the value of these techniques in direct comparison and combination is uncertain. We thus compared the diagnostic performance of macrostructural, single compartmental, and multicompartmental MRI in the differentiation of NPS. Methods We retrospectively included patients with NPS, including 136 Parkinson’s disease (PD), 41 multiple system atrophy (MSA) and 32 progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and 27 healthy controls (HC). Macrostructural tissue probability values (TPV) were obtained by CAT12. The microstructure was assessed using a mesoscopic approach by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), and diffusion microstructure imaging (DMI). After an atlas-based read-out, a linear support vector machine (SVM) was trained on a training set ( n  = 196) and validated in an independent test cohort ( n  = 40). The diagnostic performance of the SVM was compared for different inputs individually and in combination. Results Regarding the inputs separately, we observed the best diagnostic performance for DMI. Overall, the combination of DMI and TPV performed best and correctly classified 88% of the patients. The corresponding area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.87 for HC, 0.97 for PD, 1.0 for MSA, and 0.99 for PSP. Conclusion We were able to demonstrate that (1) MRI parameters that approximate the microstructure provided substantial added value over conventional macrostructural imaging, (2) multicompartmental biophysically motivated models performed better than the single compartmental DTI and (3) combining macrostructural and microstructural information classified NPS and HC with satisfactory performance, thus suggesting a complementary value of both approaches.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1869-1439 , 1869-1447
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2024
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2232347-8
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