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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Exploring the Effects of Organic Matter Characteristics on Fe(II) Oxidation Kinetics in Coastal Seawater
    American Chemical Society (ACS) ; 2022
    In:  Environmental Science & Technology Vol. 56, No. 4 ( 2022-02-15), p. 2718-2728
    Details
    In: Environmental Science & Technology, American Chemical Society (ACS), Vol. 56, No. 4 ( 2022-02-15), p. 2718-2728
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0013-936X , 1520-5851
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04512
    DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04512.s001
    RVK:
    AR 10100
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Transport Variability of Very Short Lived Substances From the West Indian Ocean to the Stratosphere
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 123, No. 10 ( 2018-05-27), p. 5720-5738
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 123, No. 10 ( 2018-05-27), p. 5720-5738
    Abstract: The Lagrangian model FLEXPART/ERA‐Interim transports very short lived substances (VSLS) from the West Indian Ocean to the stratosphere Source gas injection of VSLS above 17 km reveals a distinct annual cycle associated with the Asian monsoon Interannual variability of stratospheric VSLS source gas injection is influenced by West Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures, as well as by ENSO
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2169-897X , 2169-8996
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2017JD027563
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2018
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016800-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bromoform and dibromomethane above the Mauritanian upwelling: Atmospheric distributions and oceanic emissions
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2007
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 112, No. D9 ( 2007-05-15)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 112, No. D9 ( 2007-05-15)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2006JD007614
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033040-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094104-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2130824-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016813-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016810-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403298-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016800-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161666-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161667-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161665-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094268-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 710256-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016804-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094181-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094219-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094167-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2220777-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094197-0
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Seasonal variability of methyl iodide in the Kiel Fjord
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2014
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 119, No. 3 ( 2014-03), p. 1609-1620
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 119, No. 3 ( 2014-03), p. 1609-1620
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2169-9275
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/2013JC009328
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016804-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161667-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094219-6
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Anthropogenic Bromoform at the Extratropical Tropopause
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2023
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 50, No. 9 ( 2023-05-16)
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 50, No. 9 ( 2023-05-16)
    Abstract: A new CHBr 3 emission inventory based on natural and anthropogenic sources suggests that the latter account for 12%–28% of the global emissions In the NH, new anthropogenic estimates increase known natural CHBr 3 emissions by up to 70.5%, leading to higher atmospheric CHBr 3 levels At the NH extratropical tropopause, CHBr 3 is enhanced by 0.9 ppt Br due to anthropogenic sources thus doubling natural CHBr 3 abundances
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276 , 1944-8007
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2023GL102894
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2023
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 7403-2
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    From Monodisciplinary via Multidisciplinary to an Interdisciplinary Approach Investigating Air-Sea Interactions – a SOLAS Initiative
    Informa UK Limited ; 2020
    In:  Coastal Management Vol. 48, No. 4 ( 2020-07-03), p. 238-256
    Details
    In: Coastal Management, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 48, No. 4 ( 2020-07-03), p. 238-256
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0892-0753 , 1521-0421
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/08920753.2020.1773208
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027653-9
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Meteorological constraints on oceanic halocarbons above the Peruvian upwelling
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2016
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 16, No. 18 ( 2016-09-29), p. 12205-12217
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 16, No. 18 ( 2016-09-29), p. 12205-12217
    Abstract: Abstract. During a cruise of R/V METEOR in December 2012 the oceanic sources and emissions of various halogenated trace gases and their mixing ratios in the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) were investigated above the Peruvian upwelling. This study presents novel observations of the three very short lived substances (VSLSs) – bromoform, dibromomethane and methyl iodide – together with high-resolution meteorological measurements, Lagrangian transport and source–loss calculations. Oceanic emissions of bromoform and dibromomethane were relatively low compared to other upwelling regions, while those for methyl iodide were very high. Radiosonde launches during the cruise revealed a low, stable MABL and a distinct trade inversion above acting as strong barriers for convection and vertical transport of trace gases in this region. Observed atmospheric VSLS abundances, sea surface temperature, relative humidity and MABL height correlated well during the cruise. We used a simple source–loss estimate to quantify the contribution of oceanic emissions along the cruise track to the observed atmospheric concentrations. This analysis showed that averaged, instantaneous emissions could not support the observed atmospheric mixing ratios of VSLSs and that the marine background abundances below the trade inversion were significantly influenced by advection of regional sources. Adding to this background, the observed maximum emissions of halocarbons in the coastal upwelling could explain the high atmospheric VSLS concentrations in combination with their accumulation under the distinct MABL and trade inversions. Stronger emissions along the nearshore coastline likely added to the elevated abundances under the steady atmospheric conditions. This study underscores the importance of oceanic upwelling and trade wind systems on the atmospheric distribution of marine VSLS emissions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-16-12205-2016
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2016
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2069847-1
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  • 8
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    The contribution of oceanic halocarbons to marine and free tropospheric air over the tropical West Pacific
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2016
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 16, No. 12 ( 2016-06-21), p. 7569-7585
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 16, No. 12 ( 2016-06-21), p. 7569-7585
    Abstract: Abstract. Emissions of halogenated very-short-lived substances (VSLSs) from the oceans contribute to the atmospheric halogen budget and affect tropospheric and stratospheric ozone. Here, we investigate the contribution of natural oceanic VSLS emissions to the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) and their transport into the free troposphere (FT) over the tropical West Pacific. The study concentrates on bromoform, dibromomethane and methyl iodide measured on ship and aircraft during the SHIVA (Stratospheric Ozone: Halogen Impacts in a Varying Atmosphere) campaign in the South China and Sulu seas in November 2011. Elevated oceanic concentrations for bromoform, dibromomethane and methyl iodide of on average 19.9, 5.0 and 3.8 pmol L−1, in particular close to Singapore and to the coast of Borneo, with high corresponding oceanic emissions of 1486, 405 and 433 pmol m−2 h−1 respectively, characterise this tropical region as a strong source of these compounds. Atmospheric mixing ratios in the MABL were unexpectedly relatively low with 2.08, 1.17 and 0.39 ppt for bromoform, dibromomethane and methyl iodide. We use meteorological and chemical ship and aircraft observations, FLEXPART trajectory calculations and source-loss estimates to identify the oceanic VSLS contribution to the MABL and to the FT. Our results show that the well-ventilated MABL and intense convection led to the low atmospheric mixing ratios in the MABL despite the high oceanic emissions. Up to 45 % of the accumulated bromoform in the FT above the region originates from the local South China Sea area, while dibromomethane is largely advected from distant source regions and the local ocean only contributes 20 %. The accumulated methyl iodide in the FT is higher than can be explained with local contributions. Possible reasons, uncertainties and consequences of our observations and model estimates are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-16-7569-2016
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-16-7569-2016-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2016
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2069847-1
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Potential environmental impact of bromoform from 〈i〉Asparagopsis〈/i〉 farming in Australia
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2022
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 22, No. 11 ( 2022-06-14), p. 7631-7646
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 22, No. 11 ( 2022-06-14), p. 7631-7646
    Abstract: Abstract. To mitigate the rumen enteric methane (CH4) produced by ruminant livestock, Asparagopsis taxiformis is proposed as an additive to ruminant feed. During the cultivation of Asparagopsis taxiformis in the sea or in terrestrially based systems, this macroalgae, like most seaweeds and phytoplankton, produces a large amount of bromoform (CHBr3), which contributes to ozone depletion once released into the atmosphere. In this study, we focus on the impact of CHBr3 on the stratospheric ozone layer resulting from potential emissions from proposed Asparagopsis cultivation in Australia. The impact is assessed by weighting the emissions of CHBr3 with its ozone depletion potential (ODP), which is traditionally defined for long-lived halocarbons but has also been applied to very short-lived substances (VSLSs). An annual yield of ∼3.5 × 104 Mg dry weight is required to meet the needs of 50 % of the beef feedlot and dairy cattle in Australia. Our study shows that the intensity and impact of CHBr3 emissions vary, depending on location and cultivation scenarios. Of the proposed locations, tropical farms near the Darwin region are associated with the largest CHBr3 ODP values. However, farming of Asparagopsis using either ocean or terrestrial cultivation systems at any of the proposed locations does not have the potential to significantly impact the ozone layer. Even if all Asparagopsis farming were performed in Darwin, the CHBr3 emitted into the atmosphere would amount to less than 0.02 % of the global ODP-weighted emissions. The impact of remaining farming scenarios is also relatively small even if the intended annual yield in Darwin is scaled by a factor of 30 to meet the global requirements, which will increase the global ODP-weighted emissions up to ∼0.5 %.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-22-7631-2022
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-22-7631-2022-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2022
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2069847-1
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Variability and past long-term changes of brominated very short-lived substances at the tropical tropopause
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2020
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 20, No. 11 ( 2020-06-16), p. 7103-7123
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 20, No. 11 ( 2020-06-16), p. 7103-7123
    Abstract: Abstract. Halogenated very short-lived substances (VSLSs), such as bromoform (CHBr3), can be transported to the stratosphere and contribute to the halogen loading and ozone depletion. Given their highly variable emission rates and their short atmospheric lifetimes, the exact amount as well as the spatio-temporal variability of their contribution to the stratospheric halogen loading are still uncertain. We combine observational data sets with Lagrangian atmospheric modelling in order to analyse the spatial and temporal variability of the CHBr3 injection into the stratosphere for the time period 1979–2013. Regional maxima with mixing ratios of up to 0.4–0.5 ppt at 17 km altitude are diagnosed to be over Central America (1) and over the Maritime Continent–west Pacific (2), both of which are confirmed by high-altitude aircraft campaigns. The CHBr3 maximum over Central America is caused by the co-occurrence of convectively driven short transport timescales and strong regional sources, which in conjunction drive the seasonality of CHBr3 injection. Model results at a daily resolution reveal isolated, exceptionally high CHBr3 values in this region which are confirmed by aircraft measurements during the ACCENT campaign and do not occur in spatially or temporally averaged model fields. CHBr3 injection over the west Pacific is centred south of the Equator due to strong oceanic sources underneath prescribed by the here-applied bottom-up emission inventory. The globally largest CHBr3 mixing ratios at the cold point level of up to 0.6 ppt are diagnosed to occur over the region of India, Bay of Bengal, and Arabian Sea (3); however, no data from aircraft campaigns are available to confirm this finding. Inter-annual variability of stratospheric CHBr3 injection of 10 %–20 % is to a large part driven by the variability of coupled ocean–atmosphere circulation systems. Long-term changes, on the other hand, correlate with the regional sea surface temperature trends resulting in positive trends of stratospheric CHBr3 injection over the west Pacific and Asian monsoon region and negative trends over the east Pacific. For the tropical mean, these opposite regional trends balance each other out, resulting in a relatively weak positive trend of 0.017±0.012 ppt Br per decade for 1979–2013, corresponding to 3 % Br per decade. The overall contribution of CHBr3 together with CH2Br2 to the stratospheric halogen loading accounts for 4.7 ppt Br, in good agreement with existing studies, with 50 % and 50 % being injected in the form of source and product gases, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-20-7103-2020
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-20-7103-2020-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2092549-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2069847-1
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