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  • Online Resource  (12)
  • MDPI AG  (12)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cluster Observation of Ion Outflow in Middle Altitude LLBL/Cusp from Different Origins
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Magnetochemistry Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2023-01-20), p. 39-
    Details
    In: Magnetochemistry, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2023-01-20), p. 39-
    Abstract: The ionosphere is the ionized part of the upper atmosphere that is caused mainly by photoionization by solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emission and the atmospheric photochemistry process. The ionospheric ions escape from the ionosphere and populate the Earth’s magnetosphere. In this case study, ion outflows from two different origins were obtained by spacecraft Cluster C1 in the magnetospheric cusp region. One of the outflows was from the reflection of the dispersed solar wind particles. The other was the ionospheric outflow passing through the low latitude boundary layer of the cusp (LLBL/cusp), which was energized by downward Poynting flux. Similar to the reflected solar wind particles, outflowing ionospheric cold ions could also extend to the high-latitude region with magnetic field line convection, which mixed it up with solar wind particles. Based on the Cluster observation in the cusp region, two different origins of the outflowing particles were determined, and their unique mechanisms of formation were discussed. Results suggest that the strong electric field associated with solar wind particle precipitation may additionally accelerate the cold ionospheric ion flow in the LLBL/cusp.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2312-7481
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry9020039
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2840617-5
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ultra-Robust Thermoconductive Films Made from Aramid Nanofiber and Boron Nitride Nanosheet for Thermal Management Application
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Polymers Vol. 13, No. 13 ( 2021-06-22), p. 2028-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 13 ( 2021-06-22), p. 2028-
    Abstract: The development of highly thermally conductive composites with excellent electrical insulation has attracted extensive attention, which is of great significance to solve the increasingly severe heat concentration issue of electronic equipment. Herein, we report a new strategy to prepare boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) via an ion-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation method. Then, silver nanoparticle (AgNP) modified BNNS (BNNS@Ag) was obtained by in situ reduction properties. The exfoliation yield of BNNS was approximately 50% via the ion-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation method. Subsequently, aramid nanofiber (ANF)/BNNS@Ag composites were prepared by vacuum filtration. Owing to the “brick-and-mortar” structure formed inside the composite and the adhesion of AgNP, the interfacial thermal resistance was effectively reduced. Therefore, the in-plane thermal conductivity of ANF/BNNS@Ag composites was as high as 11.51 W m−1 K−1, which was 233.27% higher than that of pure ANF (3.45 W m−1 K−1). The addition of BNNS@Ag maintained tensile properties (tensile strength of 129.14 MPa). Moreover, the ANF/BNNS@Ag films also had good dielectric properties and the dielectric constant was below 2.5 (103 Hz). Hence, the ANF/BNNS@Ag composite shows excellent thermal management performance, and the electrical insulation and mechanical properties of the matrix are retained, indicating its potential application prospects in high pressure and high temperature application environments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym13132028
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Parental Stress and Chinese American Preschoolers’ Adjustment: The Mediating Role of Parenting
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Behavioral Sciences Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2023-07-06), p. 562-
    Details
    In: Behavioral Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2023-07-06), p. 562-
    Abstract: Family contexts, such as parental stress and parenting practices, play critical roles in preschoolers’ adjustment. However, these processes have been understudied in Chinese American families. The present study examined the associations between Chinese American mothers’ experiences of two types of stress (i.e., general/contextual stress and parenting stress) and their preschoolers’ socio-emotional and behavioral adjustment problems; in addition, the mediating roles of maternal psychologically controlling parenting and maternal warmth in these associations were assessed. Participants included 207 first-generation Chinese American mothers (Mage = 37.78 years, SDage = 4.36) and their 3- to 6-year-old children (Mage = 4.50 years, SDage = 0.90; 52% boys). Mothers reported on their levels of stress, psychologically controlling parenting, and warmth practices; teachers reported on child adjustment in the school setting. The results revealed that higher levels of general/contextual stress and parenting stress were each uniquely associated with more maternal psychologically controlling parenting practices, which in turn was associated with fewer socio-emotional and behavioral adjustment problems in children. Our findings can inform parenting intervention programs designed to improve Chinese American preschoolers’ adjustment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-328X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/bs13070562
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651997-5
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Experimental Study on Punching Performance of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Thin Wallboard with Single-Layer Reinforcement
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 8, No. 2 ( 2018-01-26), p. 188-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 2 ( 2018-01-26), p. 188-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app8020188
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Place-Centered Bus Accessibility Time Series Classification with Floating Car Data: An Actual Isochrone and Dynamic Time Warping Distance-Based k-Medoids Method
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2023-07-16), p. 285-
    Details
    In: ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2023-07-16), p. 285-
    Abstract: Classifying a time series is a fundamental task in temporal analysis. This provides valuable insights into the temporal characteristics of data. Although it has been applied to traffic flow and individual-centered accessibility analysis, it has yet to be applied to place-centered accessibility research. In this study, we have proposed an actual isochrone and dynamic time-wrapping distance-based k-medoids method and tested its applicability to a bus accessibility analysis. Using bus floating car data, our method calculated the actual isochrone area as an accessibility measurement and constructs an accessibility time series for each hexagonal geographical unit within the area of interest. We then calculated the dynamic time warp distance between the accessibility time series of pairwise geographical units and used these distances for k-medoid clustering. The optimized class number k was selected by considering the elbow method, silhouette score, and human examination. Our case study in Hefei, China demonstrates the feasibility of our method for accessibility time series classification. We also discovered that the resulting classes follow clear spatial patterns, indicating that different time series classes may be correlated with their spatial location. To our knowledge, this is the first time that such a classification method has been applied to place-centered accessibility time series analysis. Our data-driven method can inform place-centered accessibility in an era in which large quantities of spatiotemporal data like floating car data are available.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2220-9964
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijgi12070285
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2655790-3
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Regulation Efficacy and Mechanism of the Toxicity of Microcystin-LR Targeting Protein Phosphatase 1 via the Biodegradation Pathway
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Toxins Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2020-12-11), p. 790-
    Details
    In: Toxins, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2020-12-11), p. 790-
    Abstract: Biodegradation is important to regulate the toxicity and environmental risk of microcystins (MCs). To explore their regulation effectiveness and mechanism, typical biodegradation products originating from microcystin-LR (MCLR) were prepared and purified. The protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) inhibition experiment showed the biodegradation pathway was effective in regulating the toxicity of the biodegradation products by extending the biodegradation. With the assistance of molecular docking, the specific interaction between the toxins and PP1 was explored. The MCLR/MCLR biodegradation products combined with PP1 mainly by the aid of interactions related to the active sites Adda5, Glu6, Mdha7, and the ionic bonds/hydrogen bonds between the integral toxin and PP1. As a consequence, the interactions between Mn22+ and Asp64/Asp92 in the catalytic center were inhibited to varying degrees, resulting in the reduced toxicity of the biodegradation products. During the biodegradation process, the relevant key interactions might be weakened or even disappear, and thus the toxicity was regulated. It is worth noting that the secondary pollution of the partial products (especially for Adda5-Glu6-Mdha7-Ala1 and the linearized MCLR), which still possessed the major active sites, is of deep concern.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6651
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/toxins12120790
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518395-3
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Inhibitory Effect of Botulinum Toxin Type A on Rat Pyloric Smooth Muscle Contractile Response to Substance P In Vitro
    MDPI AG ; 2015
    In:  Toxins Vol. 7, No. 10 ( 2015-10-15), p. 4143-4156
    Details
    In: Toxins, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 10 ( 2015-10-15), p. 4143-4156
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6651
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/toxins7104143
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518395-3
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Generation of Internal-Image Functional Aptamers of Okadaic Acid via Magnetic-Bead SELEX
    MDPI AG ; 2015
    In:  Marine Drugs Vol. 13, No. 12 ( 2015-12-17), p. 7433-7445
    Details
    In: Marine Drugs, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 12 ( 2015-12-17), p. 7433-7445
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-3397
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/md13127066
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175190-0
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Baicalin Weakens the Porcine ExPEC-Induced Inflammatory Response in 3D4/21 Cells by Inhibiting the Expression of NF-κB/MAPK Signaling Pathways and Reducing NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Microorganisms Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2023-08-21), p. 2126-
    Details
    In: Microorganisms, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2023-08-21), p. 2126-
    Abstract: Porcine extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is a leading cause of death in pigs and has led to considerable economic losses for the pig industry. Porcine ExPEC infections often cause systemic inflammatory responses in pigs, characterized by meningitis, arthritis, pneumonia, and septicemia. Baicalin has been reported to possess potent anti-inflammatory activity, but its function in porcine ExPEC remains unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the protective effect and mechanism of baicalin against the porcine ExPEC-induced inflammatory responses in 3D4/21 cells. After treatment with baicalin, the effects on cell damage, the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, the expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, and the activation of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes were examined. Our results show that baicalin significantly reduced the damage to 3D4/21 cells infected with porcine ExPEC PCN033. Further study showed that baicalin significantly reduced the transcription and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-8 (IL-8). Furthermore, baicalin inhibited the phosphorylation of proteins such as P65, nuclear factor κB inhibitor α (IκBα), extracellular regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and P38 and reduced the expression levels of proteins such as NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), and caspase-1. These results reveal that baicalin reduced the damage to 3D4/21 cells by inhibiting the expression of NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways and blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activation in 3D4/21 cells infected with porcine ExPEC. Taken together, these results suggest that baicalin may have potential as a medicine for the treatment of porcine ExPEC-infected pigs by regulating inflammatory responses. This study provides a novel potential pharmaco-therapeutic approach to preventing porcine ExPEC infection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2607
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082126
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720891-6
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Progress in the Medicinal Value, Bioactive Compounds, and Pharmacological Activities of Gynostemma pentaphyllum
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Molecules Vol. 26, No. 20 ( 2021-10-15), p. 6249-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 26, No. 20 ( 2021-10-15), p. 6249-
    Abstract: Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino (GP), also named Jiaogulan in Chinese, was known to people for its function in both health care and disease treatment. Initially and traditionally, GP was a kind of tea consumed by people for its pleasant taste and weight loss efficacy. With the passing of the centuries, GP became well known as more than just a tea. Until now, numbers of bioactive compounds, including saponins (also named gypenosides, GPS), polysaccharides (GPP), flavonoids, and phytosterols were isolated and identified in GP, which implied the great medicinal worth of this unusual tea. Both in vivo and in vitro tests, ranging from different cell lines to animals, indicated that GP possessed various biological activities including anti-cancer, anti-atherogenic, anti-dementia, and anti-Parkinson’s diseases, and it also had lipid-regulating effects as well as neuroprotection, hepatoprotective, and hypoglycemic properties. With the further development and utilization of GP, the research on the chemical constituents and pharmacological properties of GP were deepening day by day and had made great progress. In this review, the recent research progress in the bioactive compounds, especially gypenosides, and the pharmacological activities of GP were summarized, which will be quite useful for practical applications of GP in the treatment of human diseases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206249
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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