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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The AaDREB1 Transcription Factor from the Cold-Tolerant Plant Adonis amurensis Enhances Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Transgenic Plant
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 17, No. 4 ( 2016-04-22), p. 611-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 4 ( 2016-04-22), p. 611-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040611
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    AtbZIP62 Acts as a Transcription Repressor to Positively Regulate ABA Responses in Arabidopsis
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Plants Vol. 11, No. 22 ( 2022-11-10), p. 3037-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 22 ( 2022-11-10), p. 3037-
    Abstract: The basic region/leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor AtbZIP62 is involved in the regulation of plant responses to abiotic stresses, including drought and salinity stresses, NO3 transport, and basal defense in Arabidopsis. It is unclear if it plays a role in regulating plant responses to abscisic acid (ABA), a phytohormone that can regulate plant abiotic stress responses via regulating downstream ABA-responsive genes. Using RT-PCR analysis, we found that the expression level of AtbZIP62 was increased in response to exogenously applied ABA. Protoplast transfection assays show that AtbZIP62 is predominantly localized in the nucleus and functions as a transcription repressor. To examine the roles of AtbZIP62 in regulating ABA responses, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing AtbZIP62 and created gene-edited atbzip62 mutants using CRISPR/Cas9. We found that in both ABA-regulated seed germination and cotyledon greening assays, the 35S:AtbZIP62 transgenic plants were hypersensitive, whereas atbzip62 mutants were hyposensitive to ABA. To examine the functional mechanisms of AtbZIP62 in regulating ABA responses, we generated Arabidopsis transgenic plants overexpressing 35S:AtbZIP62-GR, and performed transcriptome analysis to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the presence and absence of DEX, and found that DEGs are highly enriched in processes including response to abiotic stresses and response to ABA. Quantitative RT-PCR results further show that AtbZIP62 may regulate the expression of several ABA-responsive genes, including USP, ABF2, and SnRK2.7. In summary, our results show that AtbZIP62 is an ABA-responsive gene, and AtbZIP62 acts as a transcription repressor to positively regulate ABA responses in Arabidopsis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants11223037
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    AtEAU1 and AtEAU2, Two EAR Motif-Containing ABA Up-Regulated Novel Transcription Repressors Regulate ABA Response in Arabidopsis
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 16 ( 2022-08-13), p. 9053-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 16 ( 2022-08-13), p. 9053-
    Abstract: EAR (Ethylene-responsive element binding factor-associated Amphiphilic Repression) motif-containing transcription repressors have been shown to regulate plant growth and development, and plant responses to plant hormones and environmental stresses including biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the functions of most EAR-motif-containing proteins remain largely uncharacterized. The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) also plays important roles in regulating plant responses to abiotic stresses via activation/repression of ABA-responsive genes. We report here the identification and functional characterization of two ABA-responsive EAR motif-containing protein genes, AtEAU1 (Arabidopsis thaliana EAR motif-containing ABAUp-regulated 1) and AtEAU2. Quantitative RT-PCR results show that the expressions of AtEAU1 and AtEAU2 were increased by ABA treatment, and were decreased in the ABA biosynthesis mutant aba1-5. Assays in transfected Arabidopsis protoplasts show that both AtEAU1 and AtEAU2 were specifically localized in the nucleus, and when recruited to the promoter region of the reporter gene by a fused DNA binding domain, repressed reporter gene expression. By using T-DNA insertion mutants and a gene-edited transgene-free mutant generated by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, we performed ABA sensitivity assays, and found that ABA sensitivity in the both ateau1 and ateau2 single mutants was increased in seedling greening assays. ABA sensitivity in the ateau1 ateau2 double mutants was also increased, but was largely similar to the ateau1 single mutants. On the other hand, all the mutants showed a wild type response to ABA in root elongation assays. Quantitative RT-PCR results show that the expression level of PYL4, an ABA receptor gene was increased, whereas that of ABI2, a PP2C gene was decreased in the ateau1 and ateau1 single, and the ateau1 ateau2 double mutants. In summary, our results suggest that AtEAU1 and AtEAU2 are ABA-response genes, and AtEAU1 and AtEAU2 are novel EAR motif-containing transcription repressors that negatively regulate ABA responses in Arabidopsis, likely by regulating the expression of some ABA signaling key regulator genes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169053
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Antagonistic Regulation of ABA Responses by Duplicated Tandemly Repeated DUF538 Protein Genes in Arabidopsis
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Plants Vol. 12, No. 16 ( 2023-08-19), p. 2989-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 16 ( 2023-08-19), p. 2989-
    Abstract: The plant hormone ABA (abscisic acid) regulates plant responses to abiotic stresses by regulating the expression of ABA response genes. However, the functions of a large portion of ABA response genes have remained unclear. We report in this study the identification of ASDs (ABA-inducible signal peptide-containing DUF538 proteins), a subgroup of DUF538 proteins with a signal peptide, as the regulators of plant responses to ABA in Arabidopsis. ASDs are encoded by four closely related DUF538 genes, with ASD1/ASD2 and ASD3/ASD4 being two pairs of duplicated tandemly repeated genes. The quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) results showed that the expression levels of ASDs increased significantly in response to ABA as well as NaCl and mannitol treatments, with the exception that the expression level of ASD2 remained largely unchanged in response to NaCl treatment. The results of Arabidopsis protoplast transient transfection assays showed that ASDs were localized on the plasma membrane and in the cytosol and nucleus. When recruited to the promoter of the reporter gene via a fused GD domain, ASDs were able to slightly repress the expression of the co-transfected reporter gene. Seed germination and cotyledon greening assays showed that ABA sensitivity was increased in the transgenic plants that were over-expressing ASD1 or ASD3 but decreased in the transgenic plants that were over-expressing ASD2 or ASD4. On the other hand, ABA sensitivity was increased in the CRISPR/Cas9 gene-edited asd2 single mutants but decreased in the asd3 single mutants. A transcriptome analysis showed that differentially expressed genes in the 35S:ASD2 transgenic plant seedlings were enriched in several different processes, including in plant growth and development, the secondary metabolism, and plant hormone signaling. In summary, our results show that ASDs are ABA response genes and that ASDs are involved in the regulation of plant responses to ABA in Arabidopsis; however, ASD1/ASD3 and ASD2/ASD4 have opposite functions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants12162989
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Analysis of Charging Load Acceptance Capacity of Electric Vehicles in the Residential Distribution Network
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  World Electric Vehicle Journal Vol. 13, No. 11 ( 2022-11-17), p. 214-
    Details
    In: World Electric Vehicle Journal, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 11 ( 2022-11-17), p. 214-
    Abstract: After large-scale electric vehicles (EVs) are connected to the residential distribution network, community charging has become one of the main bottlenecks at present, especially in old residential areas. Therefore, the current residential distribution network’s ability to accept charging load and when and how the distribution network needs to be transformed have become meaningful research points. Based on the characteristics of the EVs’ charging load of residential areas on a typical day and the size of the target annual charging load, this paper analyzes the acceptance capacity of the charging load of the distribution network on typical weekdays and weekends. By taking the charging load characteristics, the charging time of EVs, the voltage of each node of the distribution network, the line capacity, the transformation capacity of the distribution station as constraints, and the maximum capacity of the residential distribution network to accept the charging load as the objective function, the charging load capacity of the residential distribution network is analyzed. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is employed to solve the optimized mathematical model. The simulation uses an actual residential distribution network as an analysis example, and the partition optimization results prove the correctness and feasibility of this proposed method.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2032-6653
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/wevj13110214
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2934699-X
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) Combined with Chemometrics Methods for the Classification of Lingzhi Species
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Molecules Vol. 24, No. 12 ( 2019-06-13), p. 2210-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 12 ( 2019-06-13), p. 2210-
    Abstract: Due to the existence of Lingzhi adulteration, there is a growing demand for species classification of medicinal mushrooms by various techniques. The objective of this study was to explore a rapid and reliable way to distinguish between different Lingzhi species and compare the influence of data pretreatment methods on the recognition results. To this end, 120 fresh fruiting bodies of Lingzhi were collected, and all of them were analyzed by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) classification models were established for raw and pretreated second derivative (SD) spectral matrices to authenticate different Lingzhi species. The results of multivariate statistical analysis indicated that the SD preprocessing method displayed a higher classification ability, which may be attributed to the analysis of powder samples that requires removal of overlapping peaks and baseline shifts. Compared with RF, the results of the SVM and PLS-DA methods were more satisfying, and their accuracies for the test set were both 100%. Among SVM and PLS-DA, the training set and test set accuracy of PLS-DA were both 100%. In conclusion, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy data pretreated by SD combined with PLS-DA is a simple, rapid, non-destructive and relatively inexpensive method to discriminate between mushroom species and provide a good reference to quality assessment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122210
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 7
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    A Pilot Plant Study on the Autoclaving of Food Wastes for Resource Recovery and Reutilization
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2018-10-06), p. 3566-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2018-10-06), p. 3566-
    Abstract: Autoclaving of food wastes (FW) for the resource recovery and reutilization was studied using the pilot plant scale. Experiments were conducted at various temperatures of 408, 428, and 438 K and times of 15 and 60 min. The in-filled steam to the autoclave was supplied by the incineration plant with a gauge pressure of 7 kg/cm2 and a temperature of 443 K or above. The results obtained from the experiments show that the less energy- and time-consuming autoclaving conditions (408 K and 15 min, denoted as Case A408-15) are effective. Comparisons of the properties and characteristics of autoclaved FW (FWA) of Case A408-15 with those of FW are made. The wet bulk volume and wet bulk density of FW A are dramatically reduced to 15.64% and increased to 313.37% relative to those of FW, respectively. This makes the subsequent processing and reuse for FWA more convenient than FW. The autoclaving results in an increase of carbon content and a decrease of nitrogen content, and thus an increase of the C/N ratio of FWA. The contents of sulfur, hemi-cellulose, and cellulose of FWA are also reduced. All these fluctuations are beneficial for making compost or other usages from FWA than FW. The autoclaved liquid product (LA) separated from FWA and liquid condensate (LC) from the released gas possess high COD and TOC. These two liquids can be mixed for use as liquid fertilizers with proper conditioning. Alternatively, further anaerobic digestion of the mixture of FWA, LA, and LC can offer enhanced biogas production for power generation. All these thus match the appeal of sustainable materials management and circular economy. The emitted gas from autoclaving contains no CO and some hydrocarbons. Suitable air pollution control is needed. The results and information obtained are useful for the proper recovery and reuse of abundant food wastes from domestic households and food industries.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su10103566
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Loss of Mature Lamin A/C Triggers a Shift in Intracellular Metabolic Homeostasis via AMPKα Activation
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cells Vol. 11, No. 24 ( 2022-12-09), p. 3988-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 24 ( 2022-12-09), p. 3988-
    Abstract: The roles of lamin A/C in adipocyte differentiation and skeletal muscle lipid metabolism are associated with familial partial lipodystrophy of Dunnigan (FPLD). We confirmed that LMNA knockdown (KD) in mouse adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) prevented adipocyte maturation. Importantly, in in vitro experiments, we discovered a significant increase in phosphorylated lamin A/C levels at serine 22 or 392 sites (pLamin A/C-S22/392) accompanying increased lipid synthesis in a liver cell line (7701 cells) and two hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines (HepG2 and MHCC97-H cells). Moreover, HCC cells did not survive after LMNA knockout (KO) or even KD. Evidently, the functions of lamin A/C differ between the liver and adipose tissue. To date, the mechanism of hepatocyte lipid metabolism mediated by nuclear lamin A/C remains unclear. Our in-depth study aimed to identify the molecular connection between lamin A/C and pLamin A/C, hepatic lipid metabolism and liver cancer. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were performed to investigate functional changes and the related molecular pathways in 7701 cells. Adenosine 5’ monophosphate-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) was activated when abnormalities in functional lamin A/C were observed following lamin A/C depletion or farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI) treatment. Active AMPKα directly phosphorylated acetyl-CoA-carboxylase 1 (ACC1) and subsequently inhibited lipid synthesis but induced glycolysis in both HCC cells and normal cells. According to the mass spectrometry analysis, lamin A/C potentially regulated AMPKα activation through its chaperone proteins, ATPase or ADP/ATP transporter 2. Lonafarnib (an FTI) combined with low-glucose conditions significantly decreased the proliferation of the two HCC cell lines more efficiently than lonafarnib alone by inhibiting glycolysis or the maturation of prelamin A.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells11243988
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661518-6
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  • 9
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    Imatinib (STI571) Inhibits the Expression of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 and Cell Entry of the SARS-CoV-2-Derived Pseudotyped Viral Particles
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 13 ( 2021-06-28), p. 6938-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 13 ( 2021-06-28), p. 6938-
    Abstract: A group of clinically approved cancer therapeutic tyrosine kinase inhibitors was screened to test their effects on the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the cell surface receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Here, we show that the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib (also known as STI571, Gleevec) can inhibit the expression of the endogenous ACE2 gene at both the transcript and protein levels. Treatment with imatinib resulted in inhibition of cell entry of the viral pseudoparticles (Vpps) in cell culture. In FVB mice orally fed imatinib, tissue expression of ACE2 was reduced, specifically in the lungs and renal tubules, but not in the parenchyma of other organs such as the heart and intestine. Our finding suggests that receptor tyrosine kinases play a role in COVID-19 infection and can be therapeutic targets with combined treatments of the best conventional care of COVID-19.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136938
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    Simultaneous Immobilization of Soil Cd(II) and As(V) by Fe-Modified Biochar
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 17, No. 3 ( 2020-01-28), p. 827-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 3 ( 2020-01-28), p. 827-
    Abstract: Remediation of soil heavy metal by biochar has been extensively studied. However, few studies focused on the role of biochar on the co-immobilization of cadmium (Cd(II)) and arsenate (As(V)) and related soil nutrient availability. Remediation tests were conducted with three types of pristine and ferric trichloride (FeCl3) modified biochar (rice, wheat, and corn straw biochar) in Cd-As co-contaminated soil, with application rates of 1, 5, and 10% (w/w) and the incubation of 1, 7, 10, and 15 days. Using TCLP (Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure) method, 10% of FeCl3 modified corn-straw derived biochar (FCB) had the highest immobilization efficiency of Cd(II) (63.21%) and As(V) (95.10%) after 10 days of the incubation. Iron-modified biochar immobilized higher fractions of water-soluble (F1) and surface-absorbed (F2) metal fractions than pristine biochar. For FCB amendment, Cd was mostly presented in the organic matter (OM) and sulfides associated (F4) and residual (F5) fractions (88.52%), as was found in the Fe-Al (oxides and hydroxides) (F3), F4, and F5 fractions (75.87%). FCB amendment increased soil pH values and available iron contents (p 〈 0.05), while no changes in soil available phosphorus content (p 〉 0.05). This study showed that FCB application reduces the environmental mobility of metals in Cd-As contaminated soil, while it also increases soil pH and available nutrient mobility, improving soil environmental quality and reducing remediation costs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030827
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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