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  • Online Resource  (9)
  • MDPI AG  (9)
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  • Online Resource  (9)
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  • MDPI AG  (9)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Study of the Scale Effect on Permeability in the Interlayer Shear Weakness Zone Using Sequential Indicator Simulation and Sequential Gaussian Simulation
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Water Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2018-06-13), p. 779-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2018-06-13), p. 779-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w10060779
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    On the Kaiser Effect of Rock under Cyclic Loading and Unloading Conditions: Insights from Acoustic Emission Monitoring
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Energies Vol. 12, No. 17 ( 2019-08-23), p. 3255-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 17 ( 2019-08-23), p. 3255-
    Abstract: The Kaiser effect reflects the memory of the loaded rock to the irreversible damage and deformation. The stress level, loading rate and lithology are the main factors affecting the Kaiser effect of the rock. To identify the accurate stress point of the Kaiser effect, the MTS 816 rock mechanics testing system and the DS5-A acoustic emission testing and analysis system were adopted. The uniaxial cyclic loading–unloading and acoustic emission characteristic test of 90 rock specimens from three types of rocks under different stress level and loading rate was carried out. The evolution of acoustic emission under uniaxial compression of the rock corresponds to the compaction stage, elastic stage, yield stage and post-peak stress drop stage of the rock deformation and failure process and is divided into the quiet period, transition period, active period and decay period of the acoustic emission. The larger the hardness of rock is, the earlier the stress point of the Kaiser effect appears. The loading stress level (σA) has appreciable influence on the Kaiser effect of the rock. When σA ≥ 0.7σc, the Kaiser effect disappears. Usually, the dilatancy stress (crack initiation stress) does not exceed 70% of the uniaxial compressive strength (σc) of the rock, and the stress point can be the threshold to determine whether the Kaiser effect occurs. The influence of loading rate (lr) on Felicity rate (FR) is relatively large when lr 〈 0.01 mm/s, and FR rapidly grows with increase of the loading rate. When lr ≥ 0.01 mm/s, the influence of the loading rate on FR is relatively small. The findings facilitate the future application of the Kaiser effect and improvement of the accuracy of the acoustic emission data interpretation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en12173255
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Thidiazuron Promotes Leaf Abscission by Regulating the Crosstalk Complexities between Ethylene, Auxin, and Cytokinin in Cotton
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 5 ( 2022-02-28), p. 2696-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 5 ( 2022-02-28), p. 2696-
    Abstract: Thidiazuron (TDZ) is widely used as a defoliant to induce leaf abscission in cotton. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. In this study, RNA-seq and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were performed to reveal the dynamic transcriptome profiling and the change of endogenous phytohormones upon TDZ treatment in leaf, petiole, and abscission zone (AZ). We found that TDZ induced the gene expression of ethylene biosynthesis and signal, and promoted ethylene accumulation earlier in leaf than that in AZ. While TDZ down-regulated indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis genes mainly in leaf and IAA signal and transport genes. Furthermore, the IAA content reduced more sharply in the leaf than that in AZ to change the auxin gradient for abscission. TDZ suppressed CTK biosynthesis genes and induced CTK metabolic genes to reduce the IPA accumulation for the reduction of ethylene sensitivity. Furthermore, TDZ regulated the gene expression of abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and signal and induced ABA accumulation between 12–48 h, which could up-regulate ABA response factor genes and inhibit IAA transporter genes. Our data suggest that TDZ orchestrates metabolism and signal of ethylene, auxin, and cytokinin, and also the transport of auxin in leaf, petiole, and AZ, to control leaf abscission.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052696
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Phase Structures and Dielectric Properties of (n + 1)SrO − nCeO2 (n = 2) Microwave Ceramic Systems with TiO2 Addition
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Crystals Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2023-06-15), p. 955-
    Details
    In: Crystals, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2023-06-15), p. 955-
    Abstract: Ti4+-ion-doped (n + 1)SrO − nCeO2 (n = 2) ceramic systems were prepared with the conventional solid-state reaction method, and the effects of the phase structures and compositions, sintering behaviors, microstructures and microwave dielectric properties of these ceramic systems were investigated in detail as a function of TiO2 content. The analytical results of the XRD patterns show that the pure (n + 1)SrO − nCeO2 (n = 2) system is a composite-phase ceramic system with coexisting SrCeO3 and Sr2CeO4 phases (represented as a SrCeO3 + Sr2CeO4 system), which belong to the orthogonal structures of the Pmcn (62) and Pbam (55) space groups, respectively. For the xTiO2-(1 − x) (SrCeO3 + Sr2CeO4) (x = 0.1–0.4) ceramic samples, the secondary phase Sr2TiO4 can also be detected within the range of the investigated components. Meanwhile, the Raman spectroscopy, SEM-EDS, and HRTEM (SAED) analysis results also verified the correctness and consistency of the phase structures and compositions for all the given specimens. In addition, complex impedance spectroscopy was used to detect the conductive behavior of these compound ceramic systems, and the calculation results show that the appropriate addition of Ti4+-ions can make the SrCeO3 + Sr2CeO4 system have better thermal stability. The composition of x = 0.2 multiphase structural ceramic sample sintered at 1330 °C for 4 h has a near zero τf value of ~−4.6 ppm/°C, a moderate εr of ~40.3 and a higher Q × f~44,020 GHz (at 6.56 GHz). The relatively superior-performing ceramics developed in this work are expected to provide a promising microwave dielectric material for communication components.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4352
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cryst13060955
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661516-2
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Topological Representative Element Volume of Fractured Rock Mass
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2022-03-10), p. 2844-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2022-03-10), p. 2844-
    Abstract: The representative element volume (REV) of the fractured rock mass is the basis for its homogenization, and is essential for the study of groundwater seepage. In order to determine a simple method for estimating REV, we studied the topological characteristics of the fractured network. We propose the concept of topological representative element volume (TREV) for estimating the fractured rock mass. The topological structure can reflect many properties of the fractured rock mass, to which a great deal of attention has been paid. We examine the applicability of eleven topological parameters as the equivalent parameters of the TREV. According to the selected equivalent parameter, the TREV of twenty-three kinds of fractured rock mass were calculated and then compared with the permeability representative element volume (PREV). The results show that the size of TREV and PREV are essentially the same for a given rock mass. In other words, the PREV can be estimated accurately using the TREV for the rock mass with orthogonal connected fracture networks. The advantage of using TREV to estimate PREV is that there is no need for complex seepage calculations, as the calculation of TREV only needs to account for the geometric characteristics of the fracture network.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app12062844
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Hydrophobic Modification of Wood Using Tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Polymers Vol. 14, No. 10 ( 2022-05-19), p. 2077-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 10 ( 2022-05-19), p. 2077-
    Abstract: Hydrophobic surfaces have aroused considerable attention because of their extensive potential applications. In this work, we developed a facile strategy for fabricating hydrophobic and anti-fouling surfaces on wood substrates. The modification was accomplished simply by immerging wood into the tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4H) modifier solution for 5 min. The D4H modified wood was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and energy dispersive spectrometer. The result shows that the D4H modified wood had good hydrophobicity, and the water contact angle of wood in the radial and cross sections reached 140.1° and 152°. In addition, the obtained hydrophobic wood surface also showed anti-fouling properties, UV resistance and could withstand the tape peel test and finger wiping.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym14102077
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Differential Responses of Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activity and Stoichiometric Ratios under Different Slope Aspects and Slope Positions in Larix olgensis Plantations
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Forests Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2022-05-28), p. 845-
    Details
    In: Forests, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2022-05-28), p. 845-
    Abstract: Soil enzymes play an important role in nutrient biogeochemical cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Previous studies have emphasized the variability of soil enzyme activities and stoichiometric ratios in forest ecosystems in northern China. However, much less is known about soil enzyme activity, enzymatic stoichiometry ratios and microbial nutrient limitations in Larix olgensis plantations under different microsites. In this study, four specific extracellular enzyme activities (β-glucosidase, β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase, L-leucine aminopeptidase, Acid phosphatase), and soil physicochemical properties were measured in the 0–20 cm soil layer. The results showed that slope aspect and slope position had a significant effect on soil moisture, soil bulk density, soil porosity, soil organic matter, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate-nitrogen. Meanwhile, slope aspect and slope position had a significant effect on β-glucosidase, β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase, L-leucine aminopeptidase and Acid phosphatase activities while the highest activity of β-glucosidase (or β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase), L-leucine aminopeptidase, and Acid phosphatase was observed in the upper slope of the east, the upper slope of the south, and the upper slope of the north; soil porosity, pH and soil organic matter were the main factors affecting soil extracellular enzyme activities. The log-transformed ratios of soil C-, N-, and P-acquiring enzyme activities were 1.00:1.06:1.17, indicating that soil microbial growth in this region was limited by N and P. Therefore, these findings highlight that N and P inputs should be considered in the management of L. olgensis plantations to improve soil microbial enzyme activity, alleviating N and P limitations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4907
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/f13060845
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527081-3
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Cause and Statistical Analysis of the River Valley Contractions at the Xiluodu Hydropower Station, China
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Water Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2020-03-12), p. 791-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2020-03-12), p. 791-
    Abstract: The Xiluodu Dam is a concrete double-curvature arch dam with a crest elevation of 610 m and a height of 285.5 m. Since the impoundment of the Xiluodu reservoir, remarkable river valley contractions (RVCs) have been observed upstream and downstream of the reservoir, potentially threatening the safety of the dam. However, the cause of these RVCs remains unclear. Based on an analysis of hydrogeological conditions, the RVCs were determined a result of the expansion of the aquifer, within which the effective stress decreased due to an increase in the hydraulic head after reservoir impoundment. Referring to the hydrostatic seasonal time (HST) model, a groundwater hydrostatic seasonal (GHS) model is proposed for simulating and predicting the development of the RVCs. Unlike the HST model, the GHS model can provide information on aquifer hydraulic diffusivity. The calibration results illustrate that the GHS model can accurately fit the observed RVCs data. The calculation results revealed that the RVCs were mainly affected by the hydraulic head of the confined aquifer, and that seasonal effects gave rise to less than 10% of the total RVCs. Finally, the development of RVCs were predicted using the GHS model. The prediction results demonstrated that the RVCs of most monitoring lines in the Xiluodu reservoir would gradually approach a convergence condition after 6 February 2021. Until the deadline of the prediction on 1 May 2035, there is still one monitoring line that has not reached a convergence condition (whose RVCs are 157.6 mm, and where the RVC growth rate will decrease to 0.005 mm/d by that time). Considering the large amount of RVCs, we think the safety of the dam requires closer consideration.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w12030791
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Large HBV Surface Protein-Induced Unfolded Protein Response Dynamically Regulates p27 Degradation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 18 ( 2023-09-07), p. 13825-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 18 ( 2023-09-07), p. 13825-
    Abstract: Up to 50% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and the surface protein of HBV is essential for the progression of HBV-related HCC. The expression of large HBV surface antigen (LHB) is presented in HBV-associated HCC tissues and is significantly associated with the development of HCC. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that LHB overexpression regulates the cell cycle process. Excess LHB in HCC cells induced chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and was significantly correlated with tumor growth in vivo. Cell cycle analysis showed that cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase was greatly enhanced in vitro. We identified intensive crosstalk between ER stress and cell cycle progression in HCC. As an important regulator of the G1/S checkpoint, p27 was transcriptionally upregulated by transcription factors ATF4 and XBP1s, downstream of the unfolded protein response pathway. Moreover, LHB-induced ER stress promoted internal ribosome-entry-site-mediated selective translation of p27, and E3 ubiquitin ligase HRD1-mediated p27 ubiquitination and degradation. Ultimately, the decrease in p27 protein levels reduced G1/S arrest and promoted the progress of HCC by regulating the cell cycle.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813825
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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