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  • MDPI AG  (70)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    AE-LSTM Based Deep Learning Model for Degradation Rate Influenced Energy Estimation of a PV System
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Energies Vol. 13, No. 17 ( 2020-08-24), p. 4373-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 17 ( 2020-08-24), p. 4373-
    Abstract: With the increase in penetration of photovoltaics (PV) into the power system, the correct prediction of return on investment requires accurate prediction of decrease in power output over time. Degradation rates and corresponding degraded energy estimation must be known in order to predict power delivery accurately. Solar radiation plays a key role in long-term solar energy predictions. A combination of auto-encoder and long short-term memory (AE-LSTM) based deep learning approach is adopted for long-term solar radiation forecasting. First, the auto-encoder (AE) is trained for the feature extraction, and then fine-tuning with long short-term memory (LSTM) is done to get the final prediction. The input data consist of clear sky global horizontal irradiance (GHI) and historical solar radiation. After forecasting the solar radiation for three years, the corresponding degradation rate (DR) influenced energy potentials of an a-Si PV system is estimated. The estimated energy is useful economically for planning and installation of energy systems like microgrids, etc. The method of solar radiation forecasting and DR influenced energy estimation is compared with the traditional methods to show the efficiency of the proposed method.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en13174373
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 2
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    Deep Learning Models for Long-Term Solar Radiation Forecasting Considering Microgrid Installation: A Comparative Study
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Energies Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2019-12-27), p. 147-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2019-12-27), p. 147-
    Abstract: Microgrid is becoming an essential part of the power grid regarding reliability, economy, and environment. Renewable energies are main sources of energy in microgrids. Long-term solar generation forecasting is an important issue in microgrid planning and design from an engineering point of view. Solar generation forecasting mainly depends on solar radiation forecasting. Long-term solar radiation forecasting can also be used for estimating the degradation-rate-influenced energy potentials of photovoltaic (PV) panel. In this paper, a comparative study of different deep learning approaches is carried out for forecasting one year ahead hourly and daily solar radiation. In the proposed method, state of the art deep learning and machine learning architectures like gated recurrent units (GRUs), long short term memory (LSTM), recurrent neural network (RNN), feed forward neural network (FFNN), and support vector regression (SVR) models are compared. The proposed method uses historical solar radiation data and clear sky global horizontal irradiance (GHI). Even though all the models performed well, GRU performed relatively better compared to the other models. The proposed models are also compared with traditional state of the art methods for long-term solar radiation forecasting, i.e., random forest regression (RFR). The proposed models outperformed the traditional method, hence proving their efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en13010147
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Comprehensive Design of DC Shipboard Power Systems for Pure Electric Propulsion Ship Based on Battery Energy Storage System
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Energies Vol. 14, No. 17 ( 2021-08-25), p. 5264-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 17 ( 2021-08-25), p. 5264-
    Abstract: With the strengthening of international environmental regulations, many studies on the integrated electric propulsion systems applicable to eco-friendly ship are being conducted. However, few studies have been performed to establish a guide line for the overall pure electric propulsion ship design. Therefore, this paper introduces the comprehensive design of DC shipboard power system for pure electric propulsion ship based on battery energy storage system (BESS). To design and configure the pure electric propulsion ship, 2 MW propulsion car ferry was assumed and adopted to be the target vessel in this paper. In order to design the overall system, a series of design processes, such as the decision of the ship operation profile, BESS capacity selection, configuration of the power conversion systems for propulsion, battery charging/discharging procedures, classification of system operation modes, and analysis of the efficiency, were considered. The proposed efficient design and analysis of the pure electric propulsion ship was qualitatively and quantitatively validated by MATLAB Simulink tool. The methodology presented in this paper can help design real ships before the system commissioning.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en14175264
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 4
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    The Role of Interventional Radiology and Management of an Angiography Suite in the Treatment of COVID-19 Patients: Single-Center, 2-Year Experience
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Medicina Vol. 59, No. 2 ( 2023-01-17), p. 188-
    Details
    In: Medicina, MDPI AG, Vol. 59, No. 2 ( 2023-01-17), p. 188-
    Abstract: Background and Objectives: Hospital angiography suites with negative-pressure ventilation facilities are challenging to equip. During the COVID-19 pandemic, we aimed to introduce interventional radiology procedures performed on COVID-19 patients and understand management of the angiography suite without a negative-pressure ventilation facility before and after the procedures to prevent the spread of infection. Materials and Methods: Between December 2020 and November 2022, 52 COVID-19 patients underwent interventional radiology procedures in an angiography suite, where no negative-pressure ventilation facility was installed. During the procedure, all staff members wore full personal protection equipment, and after the procedure for the COVID-19-positive patient was completed, the angiography suite was disinfected and entry to the angiography suite was prohibited for 1–3 h. In this angiography suite, procedures for COVID-19 patients and non-COVID-19 patients were performed. Results: A total of 61 interventional radiology procedures were performed in 52 patients with COVID-19. Of 52 patients, 21 underwent procedures under intubation and mechanical ventilation. All procedures were performed according to the guidelines set by the Infection Control Committee of our hospital. No major or minor complications were associated with the procedures. There were no cases of infection among staff members or other non-COVID-19 patients related to procedures on COVID-19 patients. Conclusions: Interventional radiology can play an important role in solving the complications of COVID-19 and the problems caused by patients’ underlying diseases. In addition, if accurate guidelines are followed, both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients can undergo procedures in an angiography room without negative-pressure ventilation while preventing infection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1648-9144
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020188
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2088820-X
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Cook with Different Pots, but Similar Taste? Comparison of Phase Angle Using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis According to Device Type and Examination Posture
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Life Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2023-04-30), p. 1119-
    Details
    In: Life, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2023-04-30), p. 1119-
    Abstract: Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is gaining popularity as a tool for body composition assessment. Although BIA has been studied and validated in different populations, age groups, and clinical settings, including critically ill patients, there are concerns about BIA reproducibility and reliability for different device types and postures. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of BIA using different devices, postures, and lead types. Cross-sectional observational data were collected from 74 healthy volunteers (32 women, 42 men). We used two types of devices, three types of postures (standing, sitting, and lying), and two lead types (clamp lead and adhesive lead) to measure the whole-body phase angle (phA) at a single frequency of 50 kHz. The measurements were validated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland–Altman plot analysis. All phA measurements recorded using the two types of devices, three different postures, and two types of leads were equivalent (mean ICC = 0.9932, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.9905–0.0053, p 〈 0.001). The average mean difference in phA was 0.31 (95% CI 0.16–0.46). The largest phA value was measured using BWA with an adhesive-type lead in the supine position. There were no differences between the standing and sitting positions. We compared the consistency and reliability of phA using two devices, two lead types, and three postures. Seven different phA were interchangeable in healthy volunteers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-1729
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/life13051119
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662250-6
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Surface Transformation of Spin-on-Carbon Film via Forming Carbon Iron Complex for Remarkably Enhanced Polishing Rate
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2022-03-15), p. 969-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2022-03-15), p. 969-
    Abstract: To scale down semiconductor devices to a size less than the design rule of 10 nm, lithography using a carbon polymer hard-mask was applied, e.g., spin-on-carbon (SOC) film. Spin coating of the SOC film produces a high surface topography induced by pattern density, requiring chemical–mechanical planarization (CMP) for removing such high surface topography. To achieve a relatively high polishing rate of the SOC film surface, the CMP principally requires a carbon–carbon (C-C) bond breakage on the SOC film surface. A new design of CMP slurry evidently accomplished C-C bond breakage via transformation from a hard surface with strong C-C covalent bonds into a soft surface with a metal carbon complex (i.e., C=Fe=C bonds) during CMP, resulting in a remarkable increase in the rate of the SOC film surface transformation with an increase in ferric catalyst concentration. However, this surface transformation on the SOC film surface resulted in a noticeable increase in the absorption degree (i.e., hydrophilicity) of the SOC film CMP slurry on the polished SOC film surface during CMP. The polishing rate of the SOC film surface decreased notably with increasing ferric catalyst concentration. Therefore, the maximum polishing rate of the SOC film surface (i.e., 272.3 nm/min) could be achieved with a specific ferric catalyst concentration (0.05 wt%), which was around seven times higher than the me-chanical-only CMP.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano12060969
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 7
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    Scavenger with Protonated Phosphite Ions for Incredible Nanoscale ZrO2-Abrasive Dispersant Stability Enhancement and Related Tungsten-Film Surface Chemical–Mechanical Planarization
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2021-12-04), p. 3296-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2021-12-04), p. 3296-
    Abstract: For scaling-down advanced nanoscale semiconductor devices, tungsten (W)-film surface chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) has rapidly evolved to increase the W-film surface polishing rate via Fenton-reaction acceleration and enhance nanoscale-abrasive (i.e., ZrO2) dispersant stability in the CMP slurry by adding a scavenger to suppress the Fenton reaction. To enhance the ZrO2 abrasive dispersant stability, a scavenger with protonate-phosphite ions was designed to suppress the time-dependent Fenton reaction. The ZrO2 abrasive dispersant stability (i.e., lower H2O2 decomposition rate and longer H2O2 pot lifetime) linearly and significantly increased with scavenger concentration. However, the corrosion magnitude on the W-film surface during CMP increased significantly with scavenger concentration. By adding a scavenger to the CMP slurry, the radical amount reduction via Fenton-reaction suppression in the CMP slurry and the corrosion enhancement on the W-film surface during CMP performed that the W-film surface polishing rate decreased linearly and notably with increasing scavenger concentration via a chemical-dominant CMP mechanism. Otherwise, the SiO2-film surface polishing rate peaked at a specific scavenger concentration via a chemical and mechanical-dominant CMP mechanism. The addition of a corrosion inhibitor with a protonate-amine functional group to the W-film surface CMP slurry completely suppressed the corrosion generation on the W-film surface during CMP without a decrease in the W- and SiO2-film surface polishing rate.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano11123296
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 8
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    MERS-CoV Spike Protein Vaccine and Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Formulated with Single Strand RNA Adjuvant Induce T-Cell Activation through Intranasal Immunization in Mice
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Pharmaceutics Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2020-05-10), p. 441-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceutics, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2020-05-10), p. 441-
    Abstract: The effectiveness of vaccines is enhanced by adding adjuvants. Furthermore, the selection of an inoculation route depends on the type of adjuvant used and is important for achieving optimum vaccine efficacy. We investigated the immunological differences between two types of vaccines—spike protein from the Middle East respiratory syndrome virus and inactivated influenza virus vaccine, in combination with a single-stranded RNA adjuvant—administered through various routes (intramuscular, intradermal, and intranasal) to BALB/c mice. Intramuscular immunization with the RNA adjuvant-formulated spike protein elicited the highest humoral immune response, characterized by IgG1 and neutralizing antibody production. Although intranasal immunization did not elicit a humoral response, it showed extensive T-cell activation through large-scale induction of interferon-γ- and interleukin-2-secreting cells, as well as CD4+ T-cell activation in mouse splenocytes. Moreover, only intranasal immunization induced IgA production. When immunized with the inactivated influenza vaccine, administration of the RNA adjuvant via all routes led to protection after viral challenge, regardless of the presence of a vaccine-specific antibody. Therefore, the inoculation route should depend on the type of immune response needed; i.e., the intramuscular route is suitable for eliciting a humoral immune response, whereas the intranasal route is useful for T-cell activation and IgA induction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4923
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050441
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527217-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 9
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    Anti-Cancer Activity of As4O6 and its Efficacy in a Series of Patient-Derived Xenografts for Human Cervical Cancer
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Pharmaceutics Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2020-10-19), p. 987-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceutics, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2020-10-19), p. 987-
    Abstract: Purpose: To investigate the anti-cancer effects of tetraarsenic hexoxide (TAO, As4O6) in cervical cancer cell lines and in a series of patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models. Methods: Human cervical cancer cell lines, including HeLa, SiHa and CaSki, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), were used to evaluate the anti-cancer activity of TAO. Cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP-2) and 9 (MMP-9) were assessed. The tumor weights of the PDXs that were given TAO were measured. The PDXs included primary squamous cell carcinoma, primary adenocarcinoma, recurrent squamous cell carcinoma, and recurrent adenocarcinoma. Results: TAO significantly decreased cellular proliferation and increased apoptosis in cervical cancer cell lines and HUVEC. The functional studies on the cytotoxicity of TAO revealed that it inhibited the activation of Akt and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). It also decreased the concentrations of MMP-2 in both cervical cancer cell lines and HUVECs. Active caspase-3 and p62 were both increased by the treatment of TAO, indicating increased rates of apoptosis and decreased rates of autophagy, respectively. In vivo studies with PDXs revealed that TAO significantly decreased tumor weight for both primary squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the cervix. However, this anti-cancer effect was not seen in PDXs with recurrent cancers. Nevertheless, the combination of TAO with cisplatin significantly decreased tumor weight in PDX models for both primary and recurrent cancers. Conclusions: TAO exerted inhibitory effects on angiogenesis, cellular migration, and autophagy, and it showed stimulatory effects on apoptosis. Overall, it demonstrated anti-cancer effects in animal models for human cervical cancer.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4923
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100987
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527217-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 10
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    Probiotic Potential of a Novel Vitamin B2-Overproducing Lactobacillus plantarum Strain, HY7715, Isolated from Kimchi
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 11, No. 13 ( 2021-06-22), p. 5765-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 13 ( 2021-06-22), p. 5765-
    Abstract: Vitamin B2, also known as riboflavin, is essential for maintaining human health. The purpose of this study was to isolate novel lactic acid bacteria that overproduce vitamin B2 and to validate their potential as probiotics. In this study, Lactobacillus plantarum HY7715 (HY7715) was selected among lactic acid bacteria isolated from Kimchi. HY7715 showed a very high riboflavin-producing ability compared to the control strain due to the high expression of ribA, ribB, ribC, ribH, and ribG genes. HY7715 produced 34.5 ± 2.41 mg/L of riboflavin for 24 h without consuming riboflavin in the medium under optimal growth conditions. It was able to produce riboflavin in an in vitro model of the intestinal environment. In addition, when riboflavin deficiency was induced in mice through nutritional restriction, higher levels of riboflavin were detected in plasma and urine in the HY7715 administration group than in the control group. HY7715 showed high survival rate in simulated gastrointestinal conditions and had antibiotic resistance below the cutoff MIC value suggested by the European Food Safety Authority; moreover, it did not cause hemolysis. In conclusion, HY7715 could be considered a beneficial probiotic strain for human and animal applications, suggesting that it could be a new alternative to address riboflavin deficiency.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app11135765
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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