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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Synthesis and Characterization of Porous MgO Nanosheet-Modified Activated Carbon Fiber Felt for Fluoride Adsorption
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2023-03-16), p. 1082-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2023-03-16), p. 1082-
    Abstract: In the present work, the porous MgO nanosheet-modified activated carbon fiber felt (MgO@ACFF) was prepared for fluoride removal. The MgO@ACFF was characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, EDS, TG, and BET. The fluoride adsorption performance of MgO@ACFF also has been investigated. The adsorption rate of the MgO@ACFF toward fluoride is fast; more than 90% of the fluoride ions can be adsorbed within 100 min, and the adsorption kinetics of MgO@ACFF can be fitted in a pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption isotherm of MgO@ACFF fitted well in the Freundlich model. Additionally, the fluoride adsorption capacity of MgO@ACFF is larger than 212.2 mg/g at neutral. In a wide pH range of 2–10, the MgO@ACFF can efficiently remove fluoride from water, which is meaningful for practical usage. The effect of co-existing anions on the fluoride removal efficiency of the MgO@ACFF also has been studied. Furthermore, the fluoride adsorption mechanism of the MgO@ACFF was studied by the FTIR and XPS, and the results reveal a hydroxyl and carbonate co-exchange mechanism. The column test of the MgO@ACFF also has been investigated; 505-bed volumes of 5 mg/L fluoride solution can be treated with effluent under 1.0 mg/L. It is believed that the MgO@ACFF is a potential candidate for a fluoride adsorbent.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano13061082
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Theranostics Aspects of Various Nanoparticles in Veterinary Medicine
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 19, No. 11 ( 2018-10-24), p. 3299-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 11 ( 2018-10-24), p. 3299-
    Abstract: Nanoscience and nanotechnology shows immense interest in various areas of research and applications, including biotechnology, biomedical sciences, nanomedicine, and veterinary medicine. Studies and application of nanotechnology was explored very extensively in the human medical field and also studies undertaken in rodents extensively, still either studies or applications in veterinary medicine is not up to the level when compared to applications to human beings. The application in veterinary medicine and animal production is still relatively innovative. Recently, in the era of health care technologies, Veterinary Medicine also entered into a new phase and incredible transformations. Nanotechnology has tremendous and potential influence not only the way we live, but also on the way that we practice veterinary medicine and increase the safety of domestic animals, production, and income to the farmers through use of nanomaterials. The current status and advancements of nanotechnology is being used to enhance the animal growth promotion, and production. To achieve these, nanoparticles are used as alternative antimicrobial agents to overcome the usage alarming rate of antibiotics, detection of pathogenic bacteria, and also nanoparticles being used as drug delivery agents as new drug and vaccine candidates with improved characteristics and performance, diagnostic, therapeutic, feed additive, nutrient delivery, biocidal agents, reproductive aids, and finally to increase the quality of food using various kinds of functionalized nanoparticles, such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, micellar nanoparticles, and metal nanoparticles. It seems that nanotechnology is ideal for veterinary applications in terms of cost and the availability of resources. The main focus of this review is describes some of the important current and future principal aspects of involvement of nanotechnology in Veterinary Medicine. However, we are not intended to cover the entire scenario of Veterinary Medicine, despite this review is to provide a glimpse at potential important targets of nanotechnology in the field of Veterinary Medicine. Considering the strong potential of the interaction between the nanotechnology and Veterinary Medicine, the aim of this review is to provide a concise description of the advances of nanotechnology in Veterinary Medicine, in terms of their potential application of various kinds of nanoparticles, secondly we discussed role of nanomaterials in animal health and production, and finally we discussed conclusion and future perspectives of nanotechnology in veterinary medicine.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113299
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Anti-Neuroinflammatory Components from Clausena lenis Drake
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 6 ( 2022-03-18), p. 1971-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 6 ( 2022-03-18), p. 1971-
    Abstract: Clausena lenis Drake (C. lenis) is a folk medicinal herb to treat influenza, colds, bronchitis, and malaria. The 95% and 50% ethanol extract of C. lenis showed significant nitric oxide (NO) inhibition activity in BV-2 microglial cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Bio-guided isolation of the active extract afforded five new compounds, including a chlorine-containing furoquinoline racemate, (±)-claulenine A (1), an amide alkaloid, claulenine B (2), a prenylated coumarin, claulenin A (3), a furocoumarin glucoside, clauleside A (4), and a multi-prenylated p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, claulenin B (5), along with 33 known ones. Their structures were determined via spectroscopic methods, and the absolute configurations of new compounds were assigned via the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 2, 23, 27, 28, 33, and 34 showed potent anti-neuroinflammatory effects on LPS-induced NO production in BV-2 microglial cells, with IC50 values in the range of 17.6–40.9 μM. The possible mechanism was deduced to interact with iNOS through molecular docking.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061971
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparison of Morphological Indexes and the Pathogenicity of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in Northern and Southern China
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Forests Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2021-03-07), p. 310-
    Details
    In: Forests, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2021-03-07), p. 310-
    Abstract: The pine wood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is recognized as a major invasive species in many countries and causes widespread mortality in pine trees. Pine wood nematode disease (PWD) has spread northward from southern China to several areas of Liaoning Province, which has temperatures outside of the optimal range for this disease. To determine whether obvious variations in the population adaptability of PWN are involved in its rapid spread from southern to northern China, this study compared the differences in morphology of eight southern strains and eight northern strains and the pathogenicity of the 16 strains to Pinus thunbergii, the pine species that is the most susceptible to PWD in China, and to P. tabuliformis, the main PWN host in northern Liaoning Province. The southern-strain females were smaller than the northern-strain females, except for strain GD32. The size differences between the males of the different strains were not significant. The difference in pathogenicity between the northern and southern strains to P. tabuliformis was more significant than the difference in their pathogenicity to P. thunbergii. The pathogenicity differentiation among northern strains was lower than that among southern strains, and the northern strains showed stronger pathogenicity to P. tabuliformis. The P. tabuliformis inoculation experiment showed that the pathogenicity of GD32, JS27, FJ14, LN13, and LN06 was significantly higher than that of FJ13. The results suggest that some PWN populations in the southern region, which are better adapted to P. tabuliformis, were likely directly transmitted to the northern region, resulting in the spread of PWD in the northern region. The spread of PWN from the south did not necessarily require a process of adaptation to the host or to the northern climate.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4907
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/f12030310
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527081-3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Different Reductive Agents on Zn-Promoted Iron Oxide Phases in the CO2–Fischer–Tropsch to Linear α-Olefins
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Catalysts Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2023-03-16), p. 594-
    Details
    In: Catalysts, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2023-03-16), p. 594-
    Abstract: The pretreatment atmosphere has a significant impact on the performance of iron-based catalysts in carbon dioxide (CO2) hydrogenation. In this study, we investigated the effects of carbon monoxide (CO), syngas (H2/CO), and hydrogen (H2) on the performance of iron-based catalysts during the pretreatment process. To evaluate the structural changes in catalysts after activation and reaction, we analyzed their morphology and particle size, the surface and bulk phase composition, carbon deposition, the desorption of linear α-olefins and reaction intermediates using transmission electron microscope (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Mössbauer spectroscopy (MES), temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (in situ DRIFTS). Raman and XPS showed that the H2 pretreatment catalyst caused the absence of iron carbides due to the lack of carbon source, and the CO and syngas pretreatment catalysts promoted the formation of carbon deposits and iron carbides. While the bulk phase of the CO and syngas pretreatment catalyst mainly consists of iron carbide (FeCx), XRD and MES revealed that the bulk phase of the H2 pretreatment catalyst primarily consisted of metallic iron (Fe) and iron oxide (FeOx). The composition of the phase is closely associated with its performance at the initial stage of the reaction. The formation of olefins and C5+ products is more encouraged by CO pretreatment catalysts than by H2 and syngas pretreatment catalysts, according to in situ DRIFTS evidence. Ethylene (C2H4)/propylene (C3H6)-TPD indicates that the CO pretreatment catalyst is more favorable for the desorption of olefins which improves the olefins selectivity. Based on the analysis of the TEM images, H2 pretreatment stimulated particle agglomeration and sintering. In conclusion, the results show that the CO-pretreatment catalyst has higher activity due to the inclusion of more FeOX and Fe3C. In particular, the presence of Fe3C was found to be more favorable for the formation of olefins and C5+ hydrocarbons. Furthermore, carbon deposition was relatively mild and more conducive to maintaining the balance of FeOx/FeCx on the catalyst surface.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4344
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/catal13030594
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662126-5
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An Assessment of Lake Ecology on the Basis of the Macrobenthos Multi-Metric Index (MMI) in 11 Lakes in the Western Region of Jilin, China
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Water Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2021-01-19), p. 235-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2021-01-19), p. 235-
    Abstract: The western region of Jilin Province is located at the northeastern part of China. A large number of lakes are distributed in this region, where is one of five large lake regions within China, supporting both drinking water and agricultural water. The frequent human activities and scarce rainfall in this region have resulted in weaker lake connectivity and enrichment of the pollutants within the lakes. The lake ecosystems in the region have been degraded to varying degrees, and thus it is necessary to assess its ecological health. Macrobenthos multi-metric index (MMI) is a mature ecological health assessment method that has been widely used in the lake ecosystem assessment all over the world. However, it has not been well developed for assessing the lake water ecosystem in China. In this study, 11 lakes affected by human activities to different degrees were selected as the research objects. They were categorized into three types on the basis of trophic level. Through the comparison and screening of different biological indicators among different lake types, we selected appropriate indicators to construct the MMI. Four core indicators were selected from 58 candidate indicators to construct the MMI: the total number of taxa, Simpson index, percentage of Diptera + Mesogastropod, and percentage of pollution-intolerant species. MMI could distinguish lakes that are seriously and slightly disturbed by humans. The results of regression analysis also showed that the degree of lake eutrophication caused by human activities had a significant correlation with MMI, effectively explaining its changes. MMI can characterize the disturbance and influence of eutrophication on macrobenthos. The results of MMI can also be affected by the land use type and the coverage of aquatic vegetation around the lake, which are important factors affecting the ecological health of the lake. Research on the application of MMI method to assessment of the ecological health of lakes is very rare in Northeast China. This research can provide supplementary information beyond the traditional water environment assessment for the formulation of management strategies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w13020235
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Recombinase-Aided Amplification Coupled with Lateral Flow Dipstick for Efficient and Accurate Detection of Porcine Parvovirus
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Life Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2021-07-28), p. 762-
    Details
    In: Life, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2021-07-28), p. 762-
    Abstract: Porcine parvovirus (PPV) infection is the primary cause of SMEDI (stillbirth; mummification; embryonic death; infertility) syndrome, which is a global burden for the swine industry. Thus, it is crucial to establish a rapid and efficient detection method against PPV infection. In the present work, we developed a recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) assay, coupled with a lateral flow dipstick (LFD), to achieve an amplification of PPV DNA at 37 °C within 15 min. The detection limits of PPV RAA-LFD assay were 102 copies/μL recombinant plasmid pMD19-T-VP1, 6.38 × 10−7 ng/μL PPV DNA, and 10−1 TCID50/mL virus, respectively. This method was highly specific for PPV detection with no cross-reactivity for other swine pathogens. In contrast to polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the PPV RAA-LFD assay is more sensitive and cost-saving. Hence, the established PPV RAA-LFD assay provided an alternative for PPV detection, especially in resource-limited regions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-1729
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/life11080762
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662250-6
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Viral Infection Modulates Mitochondrial Function
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 8 ( 2021-04-20), p. 4260-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 8 ( 2021-04-20), p. 4260-
    Abstract: Mitochondria are important organelles involved in metabolism and programmed cell death in eukaryotic cells. In addition, mitochondria are also closely related to the innate immunity of host cells against viruses. The abnormality of mitochondrial morphology and function might lead to a variety of diseases. A large number of studies have found that a variety of viral infections could change mitochondrial dynamics, mediate mitochondria-induced cell death, and alter the mitochondrial metabolic status and cellular innate immune response to maintain intracellular survival. Meanwhile, mitochondria can also play an antiviral role during viral infection, thereby protecting the host. Therefore, mitochondria play an important role in the interaction between the host and the virus. Herein, we summarize how viral infections affect microbial pathogenesis by altering mitochondrial morphology and function and how viruses escape the host immune response.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084260
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    Preliminary Evaluation of Protective Efficacy of Inactivated Senecavirus A on Pigs
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Life Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2021-02-18), p. 157-
    Details
    In: Life, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2021-02-18), p. 157-
    Abstract: Senecavirus A (SVA), formerly known as Seneca Valley virus (SVV), causes vesicular symptoms in adult pigs and acute death of neonatal piglets. This pathogen has emerged in major swine producing countries around the world and caused significant economic losses to the pig industry. Thus, it is necessary to develop strategies to prevent and control SVA infection. Herein, an SVA strain (named GD-ZYY02-2018) was isolated from a pig herd with vesicular symptoms in Guangdong province of China in 2018. The present study aimed to carry out the phylogenetic analysis of the GD-ZYY02-2018 strain, determine its pathogenicity in finishing pigs, and assess the protective efficacy of the inactivated GD-ZYY02-2018 strain against virus challenge. The results of phylogenetic analysis showed that the SVA GD-ZYY02-2018 strain belonged to the USA-like strains and had a close genetic relationship with recent Chinese SVA strains. Animal challenge experiment showed that 100-day-old pigs inoculated intranasally with SVA GD-ZYY02-2018 strain developed vesicular lesion, low fever, viremia, and virus shedding in feces. The immunization challenge experiment showed that pigs vaccinated with inactivated GD-ZYY02-2018 strain could produce a high titer of anti-SVA neutralizing antibody and no vesicular lesion, fever, viremia, and virus shedding in feces was observed in vaccinated pigs after challenge with GD-ZYY02-2018 strain, indicating that inactivated GD-ZYY02-2018 could protect finishing pigs against the challenge of homologous virus. In conclusion, preliminary results indicated that inactivated GD-ZYY02-2018 could be used as a candidate vaccine for in-depth research and might be conducive to the prevention and control of SVA infection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-1729
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/life11020157
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662250-6
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Anti-Classical Swine Fever Virus Strategies
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Microorganisms Vol. 9, No. 4 ( 2021-04-06), p. 761-
    Details
    In: Microorganisms, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 4 ( 2021-04-06), p. 761-
    Abstract: Classical swine fever (CSF), caused by CSF virus (CSFV), is a highly contagious swine disease with high morbidity and mortality, which has caused significant economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. Biosecurity measures and vaccination are the main methods for prevention and control of CSF since no specific drug is available for the effective treatment of CSF. Although a series of biosecurity and vaccination strategies have been developed to curb the outbreak events, it is still difficult to eliminate CSF in CSF-endemic and re-emerging areas. Thus, in addition to implementing enhanced biosecurity measures and exploring more effective CSF vaccines, other strategies are also needed for effectively controlling CSF. Currently, more and more research about anti-CSFV strategies was carried out by scientists, because of the great prospects and value of anti-CSFV strategies in the prevention and control of CSF. Additionally, studies on anti-CSFV strategies could be used as a reference for other viruses in the Flaviviridae family, such as hepatitis C virus, dengue virus, and Zika virus. In this review, we aim to summarize the research on anti-CSFV strategies. In detail, host proteins affecting CSFV replication, drug candidates with anti-CSFV effects, and RNA interference (RNAi) targeting CSFV viral genes were mentioned and the possible mechanisms related to anti-CSFV effects were also summarized.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2607
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040761
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720891-6
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