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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    COVID-19 Severity and Survival over Time in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies: A Population-Based Registry Study
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Cancers Vol. 15, No. 5 ( 2023-02-27), p. 1497-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 5 ( 2023-02-27), p. 1497-
    Abstract: Mortality rates for COVID-19 have declined over time in the general population, but data in patients with hematologic malignancies are contradictory. We identified independent prognostic factors for COVID-19 severity and survival in unvaccinated patients with hematologic malignancies, compared mortality rates over time and versus non-cancer inpatients, and investigated post COVID-19 condition. Data were analyzed from 1166 consecutive, eligible patients with hematologic malignancies from the population-based HEMATO-MADRID registry, Spain, with COVID-19 prior to vaccination roll-out, stratified into early (February–June 2020; n = 769 (66%)) and later (July 2020–February 2021; n = 397 (34%)) cohorts. Propensity-score matched non-cancer patients were identified from the SEMI-COVID registry. A lower proportion of patients were hospitalized in the later waves (54.2%) compared to the earlier (88.6%), OR 0.15, 95%CI 0.11–0.20. The proportion of hospitalized patients admitted to the ICU was higher in the later cohort (103/215, 47.9%) compared with the early cohort (170/681, 25.0%, 2.77; 2.01–3.82). The reduced 30-day mortality between early and later cohorts of non-cancer inpatients (29.6% vs. 12.6%, OR 0.34; 0.22–0.53) was not paralleled in inpatients with hematologic malignancies (32.3% vs. 34.8%, OR 1.12; 0.81–1.5). Among evaluable patients, 27.3% had post COVID-19 condition. These findings will help inform evidence-based preventive and therapeutic strategies for patients with hematologic malignancies and COVID-19 diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051497
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Chain-Related α (MICA) STR Polymorphisms in COVID-19 Patients
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 13 ( 2022-06-23), p. 6979-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 13 ( 2022-06-23), p. 6979-
    Abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 disease presents different phenotypes of severity. Comorbidities, age, and being overweight are well established risk factors for severe disease. However, innate immunity plays a key role in the early control of viral infections and may condition the gravity of COVID-19. Natural Killer (NK) cells are part of innate immunity and are important in the control of virus infection by killing infected cells and participating in the development of adaptive immunity. Therefore, we studied the short tandem repeat (STR) transmembrane polymorphisms of the major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related A (MICA), an NKG2D ligand that induces activation of NK cells, among other cells. We compared the alleles and genotypes of MICA in COVID-19 patients versus healthy controls and analyzed their relation to disease severity. Our results indicate that the MICA*A9 allele is related to infection as well as to symptomatic disease but not to severe disease. The MICA*A9 allele may be a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection and symptomatic disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136979
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Nestin Expression Is Associated with Relapses in Head and Neck Lesions
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Diagnostics Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2021-03-24), p. 583-
    Details
    In: Diagnostics, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2021-03-24), p. 583-
    Abstract: Background: The aim was to investigate the clinical significance of nestin immunohistochemical expression in head and neck area lesions and to study its role in patient survival and recurrence. Methods: 39 (44.3%) nasosinus, 37 (42%) major salivary gland (6 submandibular and 31 parotid) and 12 (13.6%) oral cavity lesions of paraffin-embedded samples were retrospectively included. Results: The expression was categorized into grades, negative for 55 (62.5%) cases, grade 1 in 10 cases (11.4%), grade 2 in 12 cases (13.6%), and grade 3 in 11 cases (12.5%); 100% of pleomorphic adenomas were positive for nestin with grade 3 intensity, 100% of polyps and inverted papillomas were negative (p 〈 0.001). The lowest estimate of disease-free-survival (DFS) was for grade 1 expression, with 50 months, confidence interval (CI): 95% 13.3–23.9 months and the highest for grade 3 expression, 167.9 months (CI: 95% 32.1–105 months; Log-Rank = 14.846, p = 0.002). ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curves revealed that the positivity for nestin (+/−) in relation to malignancy, presented a sensitivity of 50.98%, a specificity of 81.08%, with an area under the curve of 0.667 (p = 0.009). Conclusions: Nestin could be a useful marker to detect the presence of stem cells in head and neck tumors that have a role in tumor initiation and progression.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4418
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11040583
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662336-5
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of Spirulina (Formerly Arthrospira) Maxima against Ethanol-Induced Damage in Rat Liver
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 12, No. 17 ( 2022-08-29), p. 8626-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 17 ( 2022-08-29), p. 8626-
    Abstract: Spirulina (formerly Arthrospira) maxima (SP) is a cyanobacterium reported to have great nutritional and pharmacological potential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the protective properties of SP against ethanol-induced toxicity. Male Wistar rats were used in the study and subjected to a 70% partial hepatectomy (PH); they were then divided into five groups. During the experiment, animals in two groups drank an aqueous solution of ethanol (EtOH) (40%, v/v). Additionally, they were administered an SP extract daily at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight intragastrically. To explore possible mechanisms of action, we examined antioxidant defense enzymes, as well as serum biochemical parameters and histopathological changes in the liver. SP administration normalized elevated glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, in addition to increased catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) enzymes. Alterations in biochemical parameters were observed in the groups with PH treated with EtOH associated with a reduction in cholesterol and albumin levels, while glucose and triglyceride levels increased. The histological study supported the protective activity of SP, reducing apoptosis, necrosis, and congestion in the liver. Our findings demonstrated a protective effect of SP against EtOH that is related to less inflammation, a lesser antioxidant effect, and less free radical scavenging activity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app12178626
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Function and Adaptation to Exercise: New Perspectives in Nutrition
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Life Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2021-11-22), p. 1269-
    Details
    In: Life, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2021-11-22), p. 1269-
    Abstract: Cells have the ability to adapt to stressful environments as a part of their evolution. Physical exercise induces an increase of a demand for energy that must be met by mitochondria as the main (ATP) provider. However, this process leads to the increase of free radicals and the so-called reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are necessary for the maintenance of cell signaling and homeostasis. In addition, mitochondrial biogenesis is influenced by exercise in continuous crosstalk between the mitochondria and the nuclear genome. Excessive workloads may induce severe mitochondrial stress, resulting in oxidative damage. In this regard, the objective of this work was to provide a general overview of the molecular mechanisms involved in mitochondrial adaptation during exercise and to understand if some nutrients such as antioxidants may be implicated in blunt adaptation and/or an impact on the performance of exercise by different means.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-1729
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/life11111269
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662250-6
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An Approach to Understanding the Hydration of Cement-Based Composites Reinforced with Untreated Natural Fibers
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 15, No. 12 ( 2023-06-11), p. 9388-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 12 ( 2023-06-11), p. 9388-
    Abstract: The use of untreated natural fibers to reinforce cementitious composites improves their environmental friendliness, resulting in a more sustainable material. Moreover, the influence of the untreated natural fibers on the hydration process of Portland cement composites presents some uncertainties. According to the literature, the most usual tests to analyze the degree of hydration of cement composites are the differential thermal and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA/dTGA). Several authors propose to analyze data methods to establish the degree of hydration of cement composites. This paper presents the TGA/dTGA test carried out on mortar samples with and without fibers at age 2, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days. The degree of hydration was calculated according to Bhatty’s method. To characterize the raw materials, the quantitative chemical was determined using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX). The main findings of this study were that the presence of untreated natural hemp fibers in the OPC composites increased the hydration degree by 9%. The presence of fibers affected the formation of several components. Thus, their presence increased the formation of monosulphate, reduced portlandite, did not affect ettringite, and increased the formation of calcite, thereby improving the sustainable footprint due to the increased CO2 fixation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su15129388
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Phytochemicals and Their Usefulness in the Maintenance of Health
    MDPI AG ; 2024
    In:  Plants Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2024-02-15), p. 523-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2024-02-15), p. 523-
    Abstract: Inflammation is the immune system’s first biological response to infection, injury, or irritation. Evidence suggests that the anti-inflammatory effect is mediated by the regulation of various inflammatory cytokines, such as nitric oxide, interleukins, tumor necrosis factor alpha-α, interferon gamma-γ, as well as the non-cytokine mediator, prostaglandin E2. Currently, the mechanism of action and clinical usefulness of phytochemicals is known; their action on the activity of cytokines, free radicals, and oxidative stress. The latter are of great relevance in the development of diseases, such that the evidence collected demonstrates the beneficial effects of phytochemicals in maintaining health. Epidemiological evidence indicates that regular consumption of fruits and vegetables is related to a low risk of developing cancer and other chronic diseases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants13040523
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Experimental Behavior of Thin-Tile Masonry under Uniaxial Compression. Multi-Leaf Case Study
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Materials Vol. 14, No. 11 ( 2021-05-24), p. 2785-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 11 ( 2021-05-24), p. 2785-
    Abstract: In this study, experimental analysis on the compressive strength of multi-leaf thin-tile masonry is presented. A compressive strength test was carried out on thin-tile, mortar and 48 specimens with two- and three-leaf thin-tile masonry. The results obtained were compared with literature on brick masonry loaded parallel to a bed joint. Based on the results of this study, the failure mode presented the first crack in the vertical interface; this crack grew until the leaf was detached. From this point until collapse, lateral buckling of the leaves was generally observed. Therefore, the detachment compressive strength value was considered relevant. Up to this point, both masonries exhibit similar stress–strain behavior. The experimental values of the detachment compressive strength were compared with the values calculated from the equation generally used in the literature to evaluate the compressive strength of brick masonry. From the results obtained, the following conclusion can be drawn: This equation is only suitable for tree-leaf thin-tile masonry but with more relevant influence on the compressive strength of the mortar. This study concluded that only three-leaf specimens behave similarly to brick masonry loaded parallel to a bed joint. Finally, whether the failure mode was due to shear or tensile stresses in the vertical thin-tile-mortar interface cannot be identified.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma14112785
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    On the Path to a New Generation of Cement-Based Composites through the Use of Lignocellulosic Micro/Nanofibers
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Materials Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2019-05-15), p. 1584-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2019-05-15), p. 1584-
    Abstract: Due to its high biocompatibility, bio-degradability, and low cost, cellulose finds application in disparate areas of research. Here we focus our attention on the potential applications of cellulose nanofiber in cement-based materials for the building sector. We first describe the chemical/morphological composition of cellulose fibers, their process and treatment, the characterization of cement-based composites, and their flexural strength. In recent research in this field, cellulose has been considered in the form of nano-sized particles, i.e., cellulose nanofibers (CNF) or cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). CNF and CNC are used for several reasons, including their mechanical and thermal properties, their extended surface area and low toxicity. This study presents some potential applications of lignocellulosic micro/nanofibers (LCMNF) in cement-based composites in order to improve flexural strength. Samples were made with 0.5-1.0-1.5-2.0 wt% of LCMNF obtained from pine sawdust, CEM I (Portland) and a 1:3 cement-water ratio. The composites were then tested for flexural strength at 7, 14, and 28 days and the evolution of flexural strength was assessed after water immersion during 72 h. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to visualize the bond between LCMNF and the cement matrix. Results showed that LCMNF improved the flexural strength of the composite in all the dosages used.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma12101584
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Reduction of Annual Operational Costs in Power Systems through the Optimal Siting and Sizing of STATCOMs
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2021-05-19), p. 4634-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2021-05-19), p. 4634-
    Abstract: The problem of the optimal siting and placement of static compensates (STATCOMs) in power systems is addressed in this paper from an exact mathematical optimization point of view. A mixed-integer nonlinear programming model to present the problem was developed with the aim of minimizing the annual operating costs of the power system, which is the sum of the costs of the energy losses and of the installation of the STATCOMs. The optimization model has constraints regarding the active and reactive power balance equations and those associated with the devices’ capabilities, among others. To characterize the electrical behavior of the power system, different load profiles such as residential, industrial, and commercial are considered for a period of 24 h of operation. The solution of the proposed model is reached with the general algebraic modeling system optimization package. The numerical results indicate the positive effect of the dynamic reactive power injections in the power systems on annual operating cost reduction. A Pareto front was built to present the multi-objective behavior of the studied problem when compared to investment and operative costs. The complete numerical validations are made in the IEEE 24-, IEEE 33-, and IEEE 69-bus systems, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app11104634
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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