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  • Online Resource  (4)
  • Journal of Athletic Training/NATA  (4)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Physical and Performance Characteristics Related to Unintentional Musculoskeletal Injury in Special Forces Operators: A Prospective Analysis
    Journal of Athletic Training/NATA ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Athletic Training Vol. 52, No. 12 ( 2017-12-01), p. 1153-1160
    Details
    In: Journal of Athletic Training, Journal of Athletic Training/NATA, Vol. 52, No. 12 ( 2017-12-01), p. 1153-1160
    Abstract: Seventy-seven percent of musculoskeletal injuries sustained by United States Army Special Forces Operators are preventable. Identification of predictive characteristics will promote the development of screening methods to augment injury-prevention programs. Objective:  To determine physical and performance characteristics that predict musculoskeletal injuries. Setting:  Clinical laboratory. Patients or Other Participants:  A total of 95 Operators (age = 32.7 ± 5.1 years, height = 179.8 ± 6.9 cm, mass = 89.9 ± 12.7 kg). Main Outcome Measure(s):  Laboratory testing consisted of body composition, aerobic and anaerobic capacity, upper and lower body strength and flexibility, balance, and biomechanical evaluation. Injury data were captured for 12 months after laboratory testing. Injury frequencies, cross-tabulations, and relative risks (RRs) were calculated to evaluate the relationships between physical characteristics and injury proportions. Between-groups differences (injured versus uninjured) were assessed using appropriate t tests or Mann-Whitney U tests. Results:  Less shoulder-retraction strength (RR = 1.741 [95% confidence interval = 1.003, 3.021]), knee-extension strength (RR = 2.029 [95% confidence interval = 1.011, 4.075] ), and a smaller trunk extension : flexion ratio (RR = 0.533 [95% confidence interval = 0.341, 0.831]) were significant risk factors for injury. Group comparisons showed less trunk strength (extension: P = .036, flexion: P = .048) and smaller right vertical ground reaction forces during landing (P = .025) in injured Operators. Knee strength, aerobic capacity, and body mass index were less in the subgroup of spine-injured versus uninjured Operators (P values = .013−.036). Conclusions:  Knee-extension and shoulder-retraction strength were risk factors for musculoskeletal injury in Operators. Less trunk-flexion and -extension strength, higher body mass index, lower aerobic capacity, and increased ground reaction forces during landing were characteristics that may also contribute to musculoskeletal injury. Having 2 or more risk factors resulted in a greater injury proportion (χ2 = 13.512, P = .015); however, more research is needed. Athletic trainers working in the military or similar high-demand settings can use these data to augment screening and injury-prevention protocols.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1062-6050
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-52.12.22
    DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-52.12.22.S1
    Language: English
    Publisher: Journal of Athletic Training/NATA
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2070051-9
    SSG: 31
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Normative Data for the NeuroCom Sensory Organization Test in US Military Special Operations Forces
    Journal of Athletic Training/NATA ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Athletic Training Vol. 52, No. 2 ( 2017-02-01), p. 129-136
    Details
    In: Journal of Athletic Training, Journal of Athletic Training/NATA, Vol. 52, No. 2 ( 2017-02-01), p. 129-136
    Abstract: Postural stability is the ability to control the center of mass in relation to a person's base of support and can be affected by both musculoskeletal injury and traumatic brain injury. The NeuroCom Sensory Organization Test (SOT) can be used to objectively quantify impairments to postural stability. The ability of postural stability to predict injury and be used as an acute injury-evaluation tool makes it essential to the screening and rehabilitation process. To our knowledge, no published normative data for the SOT from a healthy, highly active population are available for use as a reference for clinical decision making. Objective: To present a normative database of SOT scores from a US Military Special Operations population that can be used for future comparison. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Human performance research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 542 active military operators from Naval Special Warfare Combatant-Craft Crewmen (n = 149), Naval Special Warfare Command, Sea, Air, and Land (n = 101), US Army Special Operations Command (n = 171), and Air Force Special Operations Command (n = 121). Main Outcome Measure(s): Participants performed each of the 6 SOT conditions 3 times. Scores for each condition, total equilibrium composite score, and ratio scores for the somatosensory, visual, and vestibular systems were recorded. Results: Differences were present across all groups for SOT conditions 1 (P & lt; .001), 2 (P = .001), 4 (P & gt; .001), 5 (P & gt; .001), and 6 (P = .001) and total equilibrium composite (P = .000), visual (P & gt; .001), vestibular (P = .002), and preference (P & gt; .001) NeuroCom scores. Conclusions: Statistical differences were evident in the distribution of postural stability across US Special Operations Forces personnel. This normative database for postural stability, as assessed by the NeuroCom SOT, can provide context when clinicians assess a Special Operations Forces population or any other groups that maintain a high level of conditioning and training.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1062-6050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-52.1.05
    Language: English
    Publisher: Journal of Athletic Training/NATA
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2070051-9
    SSG: 31
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bilateral Strength Asymmetries and Unilateral Strength Imbalance: Predicting Ankle Injury When Considered With Higher Body Mass in US Special Forcesa
    Journal of Athletic Training/NATA ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Athletic Training Vol. 54, No. 5 ( 2019-05-01), p. 497-504
    Details
    In: Journal of Athletic Training, Journal of Athletic Training/NATA, Vol. 54, No. 5 ( 2019-05-01), p. 497-504
    Abstract: Ankle injury is one of the most common conditions in athletics and military activities. Strength asymmetry (SA) and imbalance may represent a risk factor for injury, but past investigations have produced ambiguous conclusions. Perhaps one explanation for this ambiguity is the fact that these authors used univariate models to predict injury. Objective To evaluate the predictive utility of SA and imbalance calculations for ankle injury in univariate and multivariate prediction models. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants A total of 140 male US Air Force Special Forces. Main Outcome Measure(s) Baseline testing consisted of body composition, isometric strength, and aerobic and anaerobic capacity. A clinician conducted medical chart reviews 365 days posttesting to document the incidence of ankle injury. Strength asymmetries were calculated based on the equations most prevalent in the literature along with known physiological predictors of injury in the military: age, height, weight, body composition, and aerobic capacity. Simple logistic regression was conducted using each predictor, and backward stepwise logistic regression was conducted with each equation method and the physiological predictors entered initially into the model. Results Strength asymmetry or imbalance or both, as a univariate predictor, was not able to predict ankle injury 365 days posttesting. Body mass (P = .01) and body mass index (P = .01) significantly predicted ankle injury. Strength asymmetry or imbalance or both significantly predicted ankle injury when considered with body mass (P = .002–.008). Conclusions As a univariate predictor, SA did not predict ankle injury. However, SA contributed significantly to predicting ankle injury in a multivariate model using body mass. Interpreting SA and imbalance in the presence of other physiological variables can help elucidate the risk of ankle injury.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1062-6050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-255-18
    Language: English
    Publisher: Journal of Athletic Training/NATA
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2070051-9
    SSG: 31
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Landing Kinematics and Kinetics at the Knee During Different Landing Tasks
    Journal of Athletic Training/NATA ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Athletic Training Vol. 52, No. 12 ( 2017-12-01), p. 1101-1108
    Details
    In: Journal of Athletic Training, Journal of Athletic Training/NATA, Vol. 52, No. 12 ( 2017-12-01), p. 1101-1108
    Abstract: Several tasks have been used to examine landing biomechanics for evaluation and rehabilitation, especially as related to anterior cruciate ligament injuries. However, comparing results among studies in which different tasks were used can be difficult, and it is unclear which task may be most appropriate. Objective:  To compare lower extremity biomechanics across 5 commonly used landing tasks. Design:  Descriptive laboratory study. Setting:  University-operated US Air Force Special Operations Forces human performance research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants:  A total of 65 US Air Force Special Tactics Operators (age = 27.7 ± 5.0 years, height = 176.5 ± 5.7 cm, mass = 83.1 ± 9.1 kg). Intervention(s):  Kinematic and kinetic analysis of double- and single-legged drop landing, double- and single-legged stop jump, and forward jump to single-legged landing. Main Outcome Measure(s):  Hip-, knee-, and ankle-joint kinematics; knee-joint forces and moments; and ground reaction forces (GRFs) were the dependent measures. We used repeated-measures analyses of variance or Friedman tests, as appropriate, to assess within-subject differences across tasks. Results:  Peak vertical GRF and peak knee-flexion angle were different among all tasks (P & lt; .001). Single-legged landings generated higher vertical GRF (χ2 = 244.68, P & lt; .001) and lower peak knee-flexion values (F4,64 = 209.33, P & lt; .001) except for forward jump to single-legged landing, which had the second highest peak vertical GRF and the lowest peak knee-flexion value. The single-legged drop landing generated the highest vertical (χ2 = 244.68, P & lt; .001) and posterior (χ2 = 164.46, P & lt; .001) GRFs. Peak knee-valgus moment was higher during the double-legged drop landing (χ2 = 239.63, P & lt; .001) but similar for all others. Conclusions:  Different landing tasks elicited different biomechanical responses; no single task was best for assessing a wide range of biomechanical variables related to anterior cruciate ligament injuries. Therefore, depending on the goals of the study, using multiple assessment tasks should be considered.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1062-6050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-52.11.25
    Language: English
    Publisher: Journal of Athletic Training/NATA
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2070051-9
    SSG: 31
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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