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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells and Their Orthopedic Applications: Forging a Path towards Clinical Trials
    Hindawi Limited ; 2010
    In:  Stem Cells International Vol. 2010 ( 2010), p. 1-14
    Details
    In: Stem Cells International, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2010 ( 2010), p. 1-14
    Abstract: Mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) are nonhematopoietic multipotent cells capable of differentiating into mesenchymal and nonmesenchymal lineages. While they can be isolated from various tissues, MPCs isolated from the bone marrow are best characterized. These cells represent a subset of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) which, in addition to their differentiation potential, are critical in supporting proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells. They are of clinical interest because they can be easily isolated from bone marrow aspirates and expanded in vitro with minimal donor site morbidity. The BMSCs are also capable of altering disease pathophysiology by secreting modulating factors in a paracrine manner. Thus, engineering such cells to maximize therapeutic potential has been the focus of cell/gene therapy to date. Here, we discuss the path towards the development of clinical trials utilizing BMSCs for orthopaedic applications. Specifically, we will review the use of BMSCs in repairing critical-sized defects, fracture nonunions, cartilage and tendon injuries, as well as in metabolic bone diseases and osteonecrosis. A review of www.ClinicalTrials.gov of the United States National Institute of Health was performed, and ongoing clinical trials will be discussed in addition to the sentinel preclinical studies that paved the way for human investigations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1687-9678
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4061/2010/519028
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2573856-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Defective Osteogenic Differentiation in the Development of Osteosarcoma
    Hindawi Limited ; 2011
    In:  Sarcoma Vol. 2011 ( 2011), p. 1-12
    Details
    In: Sarcoma, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2011 ( 2011), p. 1-12
    Abstract: Osteosarcoma (OS) is associated with poor prognosis due to its high incidence of metastasis and chemoresistance. It often arises in areas of rapid bone growth in long bones during the adolescent growth spurt. Although certain genetic conditions and alterations increase the risk of developing OS, the molecular pathogenesis is poorly understood. Recently, defects in differentiation have been linked to cancers, as they are associated with high cell proliferation. Treatments overcoming these defects enable terminal differentiation and subsequent tumor inhibition. OS development may be associated with defects in osteogenic differentiation. While early regulators of osteogenesis are unable to bypass these defects, late osteogenic regulators, including Runx2 and Osterix, are able to overcome some of the defects and inhibit tumor propagation through promoting osteogenic differentiation. Further understanding of the relationship between defects in osteogenic differentiation and tumor development holds tremendous potential in treating OS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1357-714X , 1369-1643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2011/325238
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2011839-9
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    The Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio is Associated with the Requirement and the Duration of Invasive Mechanical Ventilation in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Patients: A Retrospective Study
    Hindawi Limited ; 2022
    In:  Canadian Respiratory Journal Vol. 2022 ( 2022-7-16), p. 1-9
    Details
    In: Canadian Respiratory Journal, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2022 ( 2022-7-16), p. 1-9
    Abstract: Background. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality and most ARDS patients require ventilatory support. Applying appropriate ventilation strategies based on patients’ individual situations has a direct impact upon patients’ outcome. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been shown to predict the early requirement of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between baseline NLR and IMV in ARDS. Methods. A retrospective study was performed on patients who were diagnosed with ARDS using the Berlin definition and admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from 2017 to 2022. Clinical data within 24 h after the ARDS diagnosis were collected from the medical record system. Based on the ventilation strategies during hospitalization, patients were divided into three groups and their clinical characteristics were compared. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis was used to screen the independent risk factors for IMV. STROBE checklist was used for this manuscript. Results. 520 ARDS patients were included and the median NLR value in IMV group was significantly higher than that of other groups ( P 〈 0.001 ). NLR was significantly associated with the requirement of IMV in ARDS patients (OR, 1.042; 95% CI, 1.025–1.060; P 〈 0.001 ), other independent risk factors included PaO2/FiO2, Hb, lactate, and use of vasoactive drugs (all P 〈 0.05 ). Moreover, we found that the duration of IMV was longer in patients with high NLR (8[IQR, 3–13], 10[IQR, 6–16] , respectively, P = 0.025 ). Conclusions. Our results revealed that high baseline NLR level was significantly correlated with an increased risk of IMV in patients with ARDS. Furthermore, higher NLR was associated with prolonged duration of IMV in patients with ARDS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1916-7245 , 1198-2241
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2022/1581038
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2207107-6
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Atorvastatin Inhibits Breast Cancer Cells by Downregulating PTEN/AKT Pathway via Promoting Ras Homolog Family Member B (RhoB)
    Hindawi Limited ; 2019
    In:  BioMed Research International Vol. 2019 ( 2019-03-18), p. 1-15
    Details
    In: BioMed Research International, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2019 ( 2019-03-18), p. 1-15
    Abstract: Background. Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in women around the world. Atorvastatin (ATO) was found to be associated with a decreased risk of recurrence and mortality in cancer. But the exact mechanism of its carcinostatic effects is unclear. The expression level of Ras homolog family member B (RhoB) in breast cancer cells was found to be upregulated after being treated with ATO. Thus, we conjecture that altered expression of RhoB induced by ATO may be decisive for the migration and progression of breast cancer. Methods. The effects of ATO on breast tumor cells in vivo and in vitro were detected by clone formation assay, CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, wound healing, transwell assays, tumor xenograft model, and immunohistochemistry. Distribution of RhoB in different breast cancer tissues and its influence on prognosis were analyzed using the data from TCGA or GEO databases. The relationship between RhoB and PTEN/AKT pathway was detected by Western blotting and RT-qPCR. Results. ATO inhibits proliferation, invasion, EMT, and PTEN/AKT pathway and promotes apoptosis in breast tumor cells. In addition, ATO inhibits the volume and weight of breast tumor in tumor-bearing mice and upregulated RhoB in tumor tissues. The expression of RhoB in mRNA and protein level was upregulated in statin-treated breast cancer cells and downregulated in cancer tissues. Low expression of RhoB links with poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer (HR = 0.74[0.66–0.83], p  =7e −8 , log-rank test). Further research found that RhoB inhibits the proliferation, invasion, EMT, and PTEN/AKT signal pathway in breast tumor cells. Conclusions. The exact mechanism of ATO’s carcinostatic effects in breast cancer is related to downregulating PTEN/AKT pathway via promoting RhoB. Our study also demonstrates the potential applicability of RhoB as a therapeutic target for breast cancer.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2314-6133 , 2314-6141
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2019/3235021
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2698540-8
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    OC-STAMP Overexpression Drives Lung Alveolar Epithelial Cell Type II Senescence in Silicosis
    Hindawi Limited ; 2021
    In:  Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity Vol. 2021 ( 2021-8-14), p. 1-11
    Details
    In: Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2021 ( 2021-8-14), p. 1-11
    Abstract: Cellular senescence has been considered an important driver of many chronic lung diseases. However, the specific mechanism of cellular senescence in silicosis is still unknown. In the present study, silicotic rats and osteoclast stimulatory transmembrane protein (Ocstamp) overexpression of MLE-12 cells were used to explore the mechanism of OC-STAMP in cellular senescence in alveolar epithelial cell type II (AEC2). We found an increasing level of OC-STAMP in AEC2 of silicotic rats. Overexpression of Ocstamp in MLE-12 cells promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and cellular senescence. Myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9) was a potential interacting protein of OC-STAMP. Knockdown of Ocstamp or Myh9 inhibited cellular senescence in MLE-12 cells transfected with pcmv6-Ocstamp. Treatment with 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) to inhibit ER stress also attenuated cellular senescence in vitro or in vivo. In conclusion, OC-STAMP promotes cellular senescence in AEC2 in silicosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1942-0994 , 1942-0900
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2021/4158495
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2455981-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Association between ε 2/3/4, Promoter Polymorphism (−491A/T, −427T/C, and −219T/G) at the Apolipoprotein E Gene, and Mental Retardation in Children from an Iodine Deficiency Area, China
    Hindawi Limited ; 2014
    In:  BioMed Research International Vol. 2014 ( 2014), p. 1-6
    Details
    In: BioMed Research International, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2014 ( 2014), p. 1-6
    Abstract: Background. Several common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at apolipoprotein E (ApoE) have been linked with late onset sporadic Alzheimer’s disease and declining normative cognitive ability in elder people, but we are unclear about their relationship with cognition in children. Results. We studied - 491 A / T , - 427 T / C , and - 219 G / T promoter polymorphisms and ε 2 / ε 3 / ε 4 at ApoE among children with mental retardation (MR, n = 130 ), borderline MR ( n = 124 ), and controls ( n = 334 ) from an iodine deficiency area in China. The allelic and genotypic distribution of individual locus did not significantly differ among three groups with Mantel-Haenszel χ 2 test ( P 〉 0.05 ). However, frequencies of haplotype of - 491 A / - 427 T / - 219 T / ε 4 were distributed as MR 〉 borderline MR 〉 controls ( P uncorrected = 0.004), indicating that the presence of this haplotype may increase the risk of disease. Conclusions. In this large population-based study in children, we did not find any significant association between single locus of the four common ApoE polymorphisms ( - 491 A / T , - 427 T / C , - 219 T / G , and ε 2 / 3 / 4 ) and MR or borderline MR. However, we found that the presence of ATT ε 4 haplotype was associated with an increased risk of MR and borderline MR. Our present work may help enlarge our knowledge of the cognitive role of ApoE across the lifespan and the mechanisms of human cognition.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2314-6133 , 2314-6141
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2014/236702
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2698540-8
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    High-Frequency Vibration Analysis and Optimization of Irregular Wear of Pantograph Carbon Strips
    Hindawi Limited ; 2020
    In:  Shock and Vibration Vol. 2020 ( 2020-08-30), p. 1-15
    Details
    In: Shock and Vibration, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2020 ( 2020-08-30), p. 1-15
    Abstract: The irregular wear of carbon current collector pantograph strips increases the railway maintenance costs and introduces safety hazards in the railway operation. This paper presents a method for analyzing the irregular wear of carbon strips with numerical dynamic analyses and modal tests. The carbon strips were studied in laboratory tests, and an equivalent numerical model for the investigation of their irregular wear and performance improvement was established. The results from the computational simulations were evaluated based on the laboratory results, and the correlation between the high-frequency vibration and irregular wear of the carbon strips was studied. The irregular wear contour of the carbon strips coincides with the high-frequency mode shape according to the experimental and numerical results. Moreover, the dynamic design for carbon strips was optimized with the validated computational model. The results suggest that the optimized schemes effectively mitigate the irregular wear of carbon strips.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1070-9622 , 1875-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2020/8850079
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2070162-7
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Progress in Stem Cell Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury
    Hindawi Limited ; 2020
    In:  Stem Cells International Vol. 2020 ( 2020-11-5), p. 1-16
    Details
    In: Stem Cells International, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2020 ( 2020-11-5), p. 1-16
    Abstract: Background. Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the serious neurological diseases that occur in young people with high morbidity and disability. However, there is still a lack of effective treatments for it. Stem cell (SC) treatment of SCI has gradually become a new research hotspot over the past decades. This article is aimed at reviewing the research progress of SC therapy for SCI. Methods. Review the literature and summarize the effects, strategies, related mechanisms, safety, and clinical application of different SC types and new approaches in combination with SC in SCI treatment. Results. A large number of studies have focused on SC therapy for SCI, most of which showed good effects. The common SC types for SCI treatment include mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and embryonic stem cells (ESCs). The modes of treatment include in vivo and in vitro induction. The pathways of transplantation consist of intravenous, transarterial, nasal, intraperitoneal, intrathecal, and intramedullary injections. Most of the SC treatments for SCI use a number of cells ranging from tens of thousands to millions. Early or late SC administration, application of immunosuppressant or not are still controversies. Potential mechanisms of SC therapy include tissue repair and replacement, neurotrophy, and regeneration and promotion of angiogenesis, antiapoptosis, and anti-inflammatory. Common safety issues include thrombosis and embolism, tumorigenicity and instability, infection, high fever, and even death. Recently, some new approaches, such as the pharmacological activation of endogenous SCs, biomaterials, 3D print, and optogenetics, have been also developed, which greatly improved the application of SC therapy for SCI. Conclusion. Most studies support the effects of SC therapy on SCI, while a few studies do not. The cell types, mechanisms, and strategies of SC therapy for SCI are very different among studies. In addition, the safety cannot be ignored, and more clinical trials are required. The application of new technology will promote SC therapy of SCI.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1687-9678 , 1687-966X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2020/2853650
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2573856-2
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Characteristics of Gut Microbiota in Female Patients with Diabetic Microvascular Complications
    Hindawi Limited ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Diabetes Research Vol. 2022 ( 2022-10-27), p. 1-7
    Details
    In: Journal of Diabetes Research, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2022 ( 2022-10-27), p. 1-7
    Abstract: Objective. To explore the characteristics and analyze the gut microbiota in female patients with diabetic microvascular complications (DMC). Methods. Thirty-seven female patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were included in the study. These patients were divided into DM group with microvascular complications (T2DM-MC, n = 17 ) and no microvascular complications group (T2DM-0, n = 20 ). Patients in the microvascular group presented with the involvement of at least one of the following: kidney, retinal, or peripheral nerves. Using real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, fecal samples from the two groups were tested for Bacteroides, Prevotella, Bifidobacterium spp, Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Enterococcus spp, Eubacterium rectale, Veillonellaceae, Clostridium leptum, and Roseburia inulinivorans. Levels of fasting and 2 h postprandial blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipids, and creatinine were determined to explore the correlation between gut microbiota and blood sugar. Mann–Whitney U test was used to analyze the differences between the two groups. Spearman correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation between gut microbiota and blood glucose. Multifactor logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for DMC. Results. The HbA1c levels in the T2DM-MC group were higher than those in the T2DM-0 group. The abundances of Bacteroides and Enterococcus spp in the T2DM-MC group were higher than that in the T2DM-0 group. The abundances of Bacteroides and Enterococcus spp in the T2DM-MC group were lower than that in the T2DM-0 group. Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that Bacteroides, Prevotella, Lactobacillus, C. leptum, and R. inulinivorans were related to the levels of HbA1c or blood glucose ( p 〈 0.05 ). Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for confounding factors such as age, body mass index, family history, HbA1c, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and creatinine, Bacteroides remained an independent risk factor in female patients with DMC. Conclusion. Gut microbiota is related to blood glucose levels. Female patients with DMC experience gut microbiota disorders. The abundances of Bacteroidesare related to DMC, and the abundances of intestinal flora may affect the blood sugar levels of the body.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2314-6753 , 2314-6745
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2022/2980228
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2711897-6
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  • 10
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    Cardiac CaMKIIδ and Wenxin Keli Prevents Ang II-Induced Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy by Modulating CnA-NFATc4 and Inflammatory Signaling Pathways in H9c2 Cells
    Hindawi Limited ; 2020
    In:  Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Vol. 2020 ( 2020-10-19), p. 1-17
    Details
    In: Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2020 ( 2020-10-19), p. 1-17
    Abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated that calcium-/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and calcineurin A-nuclear factor of activated T-cell (CnA-NFAT) signaling pathways play key roles in cardiac hypertrophy (CH). However, the interaction between CaMKII and CnA-NFAT signaling remains unclear. H9c2 cells were cultured and treated with angiotensin II (Ang II) with or without silenced CaMKIIδ (siCaMKII) and cyclosporine A (CsA, a calcineurin inhibitor) and subsequently treated with Wenxin Keli (WXKL). Patch clamp recording was conducted to assess L-type Ca2+ current (ICa-L), and the expression of proteins involved in signaling pathways was measured by western blotting. Myocardial cytoskeletal protein and nuclear translocation of target proteins were assessed by immunofluorescence. The results indicated that siCaMKII suppressed Ang II-induced CH, as evidenced by reduced cell surface area and ICa-L. Notably, siCaMKII inhibited Ang II-induced activation of CnA and NFATc4 nuclear transfer. Inflammatory signaling was inhibited by siCaMKII and WXKL. Interestingly, CsA inhibited CnA-NFAT pathway expression but activated CaMKII signaling. In conclusion, siCaMKII may improve CH, possibly by blocking CnA-NFAT and MyD88 signaling, and WXKL has a similar effect. These data suggest that inhibiting CaMKII, but not CnA, may be a promising approach to attenuate CH and arrhythmia progression.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1741-4288 , 1741-427X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2020/9502651
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2148302-4
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