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  • Online Resource  (4)
  • American Speech Language Hearing Association  (4)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Longitudinal Study of Very Young Children's Vowel Production
    American Speech Language Hearing Association ; 2014
    In:  Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research Vol. 57, No. 1 ( 2014-02), p. 1-15
    Details
    In: Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, American Speech Language Hearing Association, Vol. 57, No. 1 ( 2014-02), p. 1-15
    Abstract: Ecologically realistic, spontaneous, adult-directed, longitudinal speech data of young children were described by acoustic analyses. Method The first 2 formant frequencies of vowels produced by 6 children from different American English dialect regions were analyzed from ages 18 to 48 months. The vowels were from largely conversational contexts and were classified according to dictionary pronunciation. Results Within-subject formant frequency variability remained relatively constant for the span of ages studied. It was often difficult to detect overall decreases in the first 2 formant frequencies between ages 30 and 48 months. A study of the movement of the corner vowels with respect to the vowel centroid showed that the shape of the vowel space remained qualitatively constant from 30 through 48 months. Conclusions The shape of the vowel space is established early in life. Some aspects of regional dialect were observed in some of the subjects at 42 months of age. The present study adds to the existing data on the development of vowel spaces by describing ecologically realistic speech.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1092-4388 , 1558-9102
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1044/1092-4388(2013/12-0112)
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Speech Language Hearing Association
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2070420-3
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 7,11
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acoustic Measurements of Men’s and Women’s Voices : A Study of Context Effects and Covariation
    American Speech Language Hearing Association ; 1990
    In:  Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research Vol. 33, No. 4 ( 1990-12), p. 761-775
    Details
    In: Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, American Speech Language Hearing Association, Vol. 33, No. 4 ( 1990-12), p. 761-775
    Abstract: Several acoustic measures of laryngeal activity were made on adult speech to help answer two questions left unresolved by previous work: (1) how each measure varies, if at all, with phonetic structure, and (2) what aspect of laryngeal activity each measure specifies. Speech samples of 15 syllables (three vowels in five prevocalic consonantal contexts) were collected from men and women at two times of the day (early morning and late afternoon). Eight measurements were made, mainly on slices extracted from the middle of the vocalic portions, and inferential and correlational statistics were applied to these measures. Results of the inferential tests indicated differences between men and women in how laryngeal adjustments are made, affecting relative amounts of vocal jitter and spectral tilt of the voicing source. In addition, the voicing and manner characteristics of the prevocalic consonant were found to affect fundamental frequency, cycle-to-cycle perturbations, and amount of aspiration noise. To a lesser extent, vowel height and front/back tongue placement also affected these acoustic source characteristics. Results of the correlational tests showed that different laryngeal mechanisms contributed differentially to signal-to-noise ratios for men and women, and these mechanisms were more greatly affected by fundamental frequency for men’s samples. Finally, various acoustic measures of laryngeal noise were found to be related to the same underlying mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1092-4388 , 1558-9102
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1044/jshr.3304.761
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Speech Language Hearing Association
    Publication Date: 1990
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2070420-3
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 7,11
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Speech Production in 12-Month-Old Children With and Without Hearing Loss
    American Speech Language Hearing Association ; 2008
    In:  Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research Vol. 51, No. 4 ( 2008-08), p. 879-888
    Details
    In: Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, American Speech Language Hearing Association, Vol. 51, No. 4 ( 2008-08), p. 879-888
    Abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare speech production at 12 months of age for children with hearing loss (HL) who were identified and received intervention before 6 months of age with those of children with normal hearing (NH). Method The speech production of 10 children with NH was compared with that of 10 children with HL whose losses were identified (better ear pure-tone average at 0.5, 1, and 2 kHz poorer than 50 dB HL) and whose intervention started before 6 months of age. These children were recorded at 12 months of age interacting with a parent. Three properties of speech production were analyzed: (a) syllable shape, (b) consonant type, and (c) vowel formant frequencies. Results Children with HL had (a) fewer multisyllable utterances with consonants, (b) fewer fricatives and fewer stops with alveolar-velar stop place, and (c) more restricted front-back tongue positions for vowels than did the children with NH. Conclusion Even when hearing loss is identified shortly after birth, children with HL do not develop speech production skills as their peers with NH do at 12 months of age. This suggests that researchers need to consider their approaches to early intervention carefully.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1092-4388 , 1558-9102
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1044/1092-4388(2008/064)
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Speech Language Hearing Association
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2070420-3
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 7,11
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Emergence of Phonetic Segments : Evidence from the Spectral Structure of Fricative-Vowel Syllables Spoken by Children and Adults
    American Speech Language Hearing Association ; 1989
    In:  Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research Vol. 32, No. 1 ( 1989-03), p. 120-132
    Details
    In: Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, American Speech Language Hearing Association, Vol. 32, No. 1 ( 1989-03), p. 120-132
    Abstract: A variety of evidence, including the speech errors of normal and aphasic speakers, and the metalinguistic skills of literate individuals, demonstrates that speech has an underlying phonemic organization. However, we know little about how this organization develops in the child. The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that phoneme-sized phonetic segments emerge as functional units of perceptuomotor control from the child's gradual reorganization of the gestures forming its early words or syllables. We investigated the acoustic structure of syllables produced by young children and adults. Fricative-vowel syllables spoken by 40 subjects (eight adults and eight children at each of the ages 3, 4, 5, and 7 years) were analyzed acoustically to determine how well different syllables-initial fricatives were contrasted and how strongly they were affected by vocalic context. Results indicated two independent developmental trends: The extent to which speakers differentiated between /∫/ and /s/ increased with age, while the extent to which they coarticulated each fricative with its following vowel decreased. The results support the hypothesis that children initially organize their speech gestures over a domain at least the size of the syllable and only gradually differentiate the syllable into patterns of gestures more closely aligned with its perceived segmental components.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1092-4388 , 1558-9102
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1044/jshr.3201.120
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Speech Language Hearing Association
    Publication Date: 1989
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2070420-3
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 7,11
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
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