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  • Online Resource  (13)
  • Acoustical Society of America (ASA)  (13)
  • 2000-2004  (13)
  • Comparative Studies. Non-European Languages/Literatures  (13)
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  • Online Resource  (13)
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  • Acoustical Society of America (ASA)  (13)
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  • 2000-2004  (13)
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  • Comparative Studies. Non-European Languages/Literatures  (13)
RVK
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rational approximations of viscous losses in vocal tract acoustic modeling
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2004
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 115, No. 6 ( 2004-06-01), p. 3195-3201
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 115, No. 6 ( 2004-06-01), p. 3195-3201
    Abstract: The modeling of viscous losses in acoustic wave transmission through tubes by a boundary layer approximation is valid if the thickness of the boundary layer is small compared to the hydraulic radius. A method was found to describe the viscous losses that extends the frequency range of the model to very low frequencies and very thin tubes. For higher frequencies, this method includes asymptotically the spectral effects of the boundary layer approximation. The method provides a simplification for the rational approximation of the spectral effects of viscous losses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.1738686
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Digital filters for accurate simulation of wave propagation losses in tubes
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2004
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 115, No. 5_Supplement ( 2004-05-01), p. 2528-2528
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 115, No. 5_Supplement ( 2004-05-01), p. 2528-2528
    Abstract: A boundary layer approximation for viscous damping in one-dimensional wave transmission in a tube results in an irrational frequency-dependent damping filter for sound propagation. This filter can be approximated with high accuracy by a rational filter function that can be obtained from Padé approximations or continued fraction expansion. Taking into account the viscous losses in a Kelly–Lochbaum structure that represents sound propagation in a tube with spatially varying cross section results in replacing the delay elements of the lattice filter for the loss-free case by special recursive filters. The design, implementation, and applications of the filter structures will be presented.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4783366
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Analysis-by-synthesis and acoustic landmarks
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2000
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 108, No. 5_Supplement ( 2000-11-01), p. 2604-2604
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 108, No. 5_Supplement ( 2000-11-01), p. 2604-2604
    Abstract: In the 1950s and 1960s Ken Stevens and Morris Halle proposed a model for human speech recognition that incorporated analysis-by-synthesis. In the more recent past the notion of acoustic landmarks has arisen from the speech group at MIT as part of a model for human lexical access from features by human listeners. Here, it is proposed that these ideas are fruitful ones for incorporation into a method (constraint and refinement) for training a machine with its own vocal tract to imitate human speech, while learning the relation between articulation and acoustic output. The machine would be trained in stages starting with the attempts to imitate the sequence of relatively open articulations and closed articulations. Landmarks, based on acoustic criteria, would be placed near the peaks in the amplitude envelope, allowing the machine to constrain the type of articulatory activations. This constraining step would involve, initially, an overly restrictive set of phonotatic rules, such as all sequences are obstruent-vowel sequences. The refining step would be the analysis-by-synthesis with the machine’s vocal tract. As the stages progress, the machine would attend to more acoustic properties of the speech signal with different kinds of landmarks and increase the generality of the phonotatic rules.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4743700
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2000
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Appalachia meets the mid-south in Tennessee
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2003
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 113, No. 4_Supplement ( 2003-04-01), p. 2328-2329
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 113, No. 4_Supplement ( 2003-04-01), p. 2328-2329
    Abstract: The father of bluegrass and long-time member of the Opry in Nashville, Bill Monroe, had a number of musical influences, including blues, gospel, and the American versions of Anglo-Scots-Irish folk music endemic to Appalachia. (Although Bill Monroe was from western Kentucky, the Appalachian influence is apparent.) In 1946 he recorded a song for Columbia Records that he had written. This song was recorded again in 1954 at Sun Studios as a ‘‘B side’’ by the future king of rock and roll, Elvis Presley. Raised in East Tupelo, MS and Memphis, Elvis’ music derived from the mid-south’s blues and gospel music, but with a peculiar honkytonk-informed, Memphis style. We will compare these artists through this common song and their spoken interviews in terms of voice quality and English dialect. Some copy-synthesis of these artists will be attempted in our search for the high, lonesome and rock and roll sounds.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4780825
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2003
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Training a vowel contrast using visual articulatory feedback
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2001
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 110, No. 5_Supplement ( 2001-11-01), p. 2705-2705
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 110, No. 5_Supplement ( 2001-11-01), p. 2705-2705
    Abstract: The /i/–/I/ distinction can be difficult to make in speech for deaf, dysarthric, and many non-native English speakers. A computer program was designed that prompted speakers, with orthograpraphy, to produce a simple single syllable word containing either vowel and recorded the speakers response. The program provided feedback in one of two forms: either auditory (AF) or auditory and visual articulatory feedback (VAF). The auditory feedback was the actual and correct pronunciation of the word. VAF provided schematic representations of where the tongue was according the speaker’s actual production of the vowel in relation to where it would be placed for the best production of the target vowel. Articulatory representations were inferred automatically based on the measured formant frequencies of the speaker’s production. Four subjects who were particularly poor at making the vowel distinction were recruited to test VAF in a single subject case study design. After baseline scores for the vowel distinction were established in four sessions, each subject was given training using each of AF and VAF, with no words the same for each of the types of training. There was more improvement in the vowel distinction for the auditory and visual feedback compared to the auditory feedback alone.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4777334
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Aeroacoustics of [s]
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2004
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 115, No. 5_Supplement ( 2004-05-01), p. 2539-2539
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 115, No. 5_Supplement ( 2004-05-01), p. 2539-2539
    Abstract: The theory of the sibilant fricative [s] is formulated and solved as a mathematical problem of aeroacoustics. Air is forced through the constriction between the tongue and the hard palate by the intra-oral pressure, forming a jet that strikes the upper incisors and leaves the mouth through a gap between the upper and lower incisors. The principal source of sound is the diffraction of jet turbulence pressure fluctuations by the incisors. The spectrum of these pressure fluctuations incident on the teeth is modeled analytically using an empirical formula adapted from boundary layer theory. Predictions are made of the far field acoustic pressure spectrum by reference to measured and estimated values of vocal tract dimensions and intra-oral pressure. Predicted spectra compare well with observations. The principal spectral peaks are determined by vocal tract physiology anterior to the tongue–palate constriction. The theory furnishes the first correct predictions of the dependence of the overall sound pressure level on the intra-oral pressure. This presentation will interpret the mathematical model in a nonmathematical manner. [Work supported, in part, by Grant NIDCD-01247 to CReSS LLC.]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4809330
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development of prevocalic, intervocalic, and postvocalic /r/ in young American children
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2000
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 108, No. 5_Supplement ( 2000-11-01), p. 2480-2480
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 108, No. 5_Supplement ( 2000-11-01), p. 2480-2480
    Abstract: The development of children’s /r/ production is the subject of a current investigation of a longitudinal database of children’s speech. Nine children were recorded interacting with a parent in approximately 2-month intervals from the age of about 15 months to the age of about 31 months. It would be expected that many of these children would not produce /r/ in an adult manner [e.g., M. M. Vihman and M. Greenlee, J. Speech Hear. Res. 30 (1987)], but the properties of children’s production of /r/ as a function syllable position and the production of r-colored vowels has not been examined closely. We have examined two children from this database for their ability to produce /r/ and r-colored vowels in various syllable positions. These children more readily produce postvocalic /r/ and r-colored vowels than they produce prevocalic /r/. Further, it may be that practice with intervocalic /r/ may help in future productions of prevocalic /r/’s. These observations will be quantified using formant frequency and amplitude measures and compared with the productions of /r/ by other children in the database.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4743151
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2000
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Secant lines in a preliminary study of phonetic reduction of / ɪ / and /ε /
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2004
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 116, No. 4 ( 2004-10-01), p. 2324-2337
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 116, No. 4 ( 2004-10-01), p. 2324-2337
    Abstract: Two subjects from the X-Ray Microbeam Speech Production Database were examined in their production of the vowels /ɪ/ and /ε/ in alveolar and dental consonant contexts. Secant lines, or first-order splines, between the three most anterior pellets were examined at vowel critical times. These critical times were zero crossings in the tangential acceleration of the midpoints of the secant lines. We expected and found, in general, that vowel reduction occurred as a function of vowel duration in measures of the secant line midpoint-to-palate distance and secant line orientation at vowel critical times. The shorter the vowel, the smaller the distance of the secant line midpoints to the palate and the less downward the orientation of the secant lines at the vowel critical times. Phonetic reduction was also apparent in the formant frequencies. There were differences between the speakers in terms of the range of vowel duration and degree of reduction. The subjects differed in the functional parts of the tongue spanned by the secant lines and the shape of their palates. These differences were factors in the observed relations between formant frequencies and the articulatory, secant line measures for each subject.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.1789491
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2004
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tongue position and orientation for front vowels in the X-Ray Microbeam Speech Production DataBase
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2002
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 111, No. 5_Supplement ( 2002-05-01), p. 2481-2481
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 111, No. 5_Supplement ( 2002-05-01), p. 2481-2481
    Abstract: The positions and orientations of the secant lines between pellets will be examined for front vowels of four talkers in the X-Ray Microbeam Speech Production Database. The effect of vowel height and palate shape will be examined, as will the contextual effects of neighboring stop, fricative and nasal segments. This work is part of a project to describe tongue motion in terms of secant line kinematics. Preliminary results suggest that tongue blade orientation for high front vowels is determined largely by palate shape.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4778629
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Padé approximations for boundary-layer losses in articulatory synthesis
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2003
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 113, No. 4_Supplement ( 2003-04-01), p. 2331-2331
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 113, No. 4_Supplement ( 2003-04-01), p. 2331-2331
    Abstract: To build an articulatory synthesizer it is necessary to model acoustic propagation in tubes with variable area. Acoustic propagation entails viscous and thermal losses, which are strongest at the vocal tract walls. In the standard boundary-layer approximation irrational frequency laws containing the square root of frequency best represent these losses. Our immediate goal is, given a sound source distribution in the vocal tract, to efficiently calculate the sound output from the mouth. In order to use digital filter theory in this process, a rational approximation to the square root of frequency is sought in the form of Padé approximations. One implementation is obtained by modification of the Kelly–Lochbaum algorithm for calculating wave propagation in a tube, using a high over-sampling rate. However, frequency-dependent loss means that both the reflection coefficients and the time delays through a tube section are non-constant functions of frequency—an assumption used in the Kelly–Lochbaum algorithm. The reflection coefficients are replaced by digital filters and the delay elements by filters with frequency-dependent group velocities. We discuss implementation of a Kelly–Lochbaum algorithm in a digital filter design using a Padé approximation of the viscous and thermal loss terms. [Work supported by NIH Grant No. DC-01247.]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4780845
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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