In:
Diabetes, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 54, No. 7 ( 2005-07-01), p. 2235-2244
Abstract:
Islet amyloid deposition in type 2 diabetes is associated with reduced β-cell mass. Therefore, interventions aimed at reducing islet amyloid formation may help preserve β-cell mass in type 2 diabetes. Rosiglitazone and metformin act by different mechanisms to improve insulin sensitivity and thereby reduce β-cell secretory demand, resulting in decreased release of insulin and islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), the unique constituent of islet amyloid deposits. We hypothesized that this reduced β-cell secretory demand would lead to reduced islet amyloid formation. Human IAPP (hIAPP) transgenic mice, a model of islet amyloid, were treated for 12 months with rosiglitazone (1.5 mg · kg−1 · day−1, n = 19), metformin (1 g · kg−1 · day−1, n = 18), or control (n = 17). At the end of the study, islet amyloid prevalence (percent islets containing amyloid) and severity (percent islet area occupied by amyloid), islet mass, β-cell mass, and insulin release were determined. Islet amyloid prevalence (44 ± 8, 13 ± 4, and 11 ± 3% for control, metformin-, and rosiglitazone-treated mice, respectively) and severity (9.2 ± 3.0, 0.22 ± 0.11, and 0.10 ± 0.05% for control, metformin-, and rosiglitazone-treated mice, respectively) were markedly reduced with both rosiglitazone (P & lt; 0.001 for both measures) and metformin treatment (P & lt; 0.001 for both measures). Both treatments were associated with reduced insulin release assessed as the acute insulin response to intravenous glucose (2,189 ± 857, 621 ± 256, and 14 ± 158 pmol/l for control, metformin-, and rosiglitazone-treated mice, respectively; P & lt; 0.05 for metformin vs. control and P & lt; 0.005 for rosiglitazone vs. control), consistent with reduced secretory demand. Similarly, islet mass (33.4 ± 7.0, 16.6 ± 3.6, and 12.2 ± 2.1 mg for control, metformin-, and rosiglitazone-treated mice, respectively) was not different with metformin treatment (P = 0.06 vs. control) but was significantly lower with rosiglitazone treatment (P & lt; 0.05 vs. control). When the decreased islet mass was accounted for, the islet amyloid–related decrease in β-cell mass (percent β-cell mass/islet mass) was ameliorated in both rosiglitazone- and metformin-treated animals (57.9 ± 3.1, 64.7 ± 1.4, and 66.1 ± 1.6% for control, metformin-, and rosiglitazone-treated mice, respectively; P & lt; 0.05 for metformin or rosiglitazone vs. control). In summary, rosiglitazone and metformin protect β-cells from the deleterious effects of islet amyloid, and this effect may contribute to the ability of these treatments to alleviate the progressive loss of β-cell mass and function in type 2 diabetes.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
0012-1797
,
1939-327X
DOI:
10.2337/diabetes.54.7.2235
Language:
English
Publisher:
American Diabetes Association
Publication Date:
2005
detail.hit.zdb_id:
1501252-9
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