Description: Energy & Fuels DOI: 10.1021/ef101610z

Description: The submerged vegetation patch in river flow produces additional resistance through drag force and changes the bed shear stress of flow. Thereby it influences the deposition of fine particles including some kind of metal pollutants on flow bed. The relative height of vegetation patch imposes influence on the variation of bed shear stress, therefore it being expected to influence the deposition of fine particles as well. To investigate the influence of relative height of vegetation patch on deposition of fine particles in river flow, a set of indoor physical experiments with twelve relative heights were conducted in a straight water flume. The results show that for low relative heights, the deposition decreases with the increase of relative height. For medium relative heights, the deposition increases with the increase of relative height. For high relative heights, the deposition no longer varies with the increase of relative height. There are two main contrary effects accounting...

Description: Industrial combustion flue gas contains fine dust, water vapor, in order to remove micro dust, and to recover water vapor at the same time. we have put forward a research on the technology of recovering water vapor and dust removal by using a cyclone separator for the first time. By studying the pressure drop, the separation efficiency and the efficiency of recovering condensed water of the flue gas, we can get the optimum technological parameters for the actual working conditions. The results show that the pressure drop increases with the increase of inlet velocity and temperature, and the rate of increase is increasing. When under the same cooling water flow rate, the dust separation efficiency increases first and then decrease with the inlet velocity increase. When the inlet velocity is near the 50 m 3 /h, the separation efficiency reaches the maximum, 96%. The amount of vapor recovery increases with the increase of cooling medium flow rate in 15 minutes. When at the...

Description: Background: Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a potential risk factor for developing insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, we studied the prevalence of HUA and associated risk factors in the population of two provinces in northern China. Methods: Based on the research of Chinese Physiological Constant and Health Conditions conducted in 2008--2010, we enrolled 29,639 subjects in a randomized, stratified study in four sampling areas in Heilongjiang Province and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. We collected 13,140 serum samples to determine biochemical indicators including uric acid(UA), glucose, blood lipids, liver function, and renal function, and finally a representative sample of 8439 aged 18 years and older was determined. We also defined and stratified HUA, hypertension, diabetes, obesity and lipid abnormalities according to international guidelines. Results: There were significant differences in the UA levels between different genders and regions. The total prevalence of HUA is 13.7%. Men had a higher prevalence of HUA than women (21% vs. 7.9%; P 〈 0.0001). As age increased, HUA prevalence decreased in men but rose in women. The suburbs of big cities had the highest HUA prevalence (18.7%), and in high-prevalence areas the proportion of women with HUA also increased. A stepwise logistic regression model was used to filter out twelve HUA risk factors, including age, gender, residence, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, impaired fasting glucose, hypertension, obesity, abdominal obesity, CKD, drinking and sleeping. After adjusting for these factors, the odds ratio of HUA was 1.92 times higher in men than in women. Compared with agricultural and pastoral areas, the odds ratio of having HUA was 2.14 for participants in the suburbs of big cities and 1.57 in the center of big cities. Conclusions: The prevalence of HUA is high in northern China. The differences in HUA prevalence by geographic region suggested that unbalanced economic development and health education, therefore HUA prevention measures should be strengthened to improve quality of life and reduce health care costs.

Description: Background: Limited data suggested that the prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) among female sex workers (FSW) is much higher than in the general female population. The current study aimed to examine the HPV and cervical cancer related awareness, knowledge, and behaviors among FSW in China. Methods: A total of 360 FSW recruited from entertainment establishments in Beijing completed a self-administered survey including demographics, HPV related knowledge, and health-seeking and cervical cancer preventive behaviors. Results: Approximately 70.8% of the participants ever heard of cervical cancer, and as few as 22.1% and 13.3% ever heard of HPV and HPV vaccine, respectively. The mean score on a 7-item knowledge scale was 2.2 (SD = 2.4). Less than 10% of FSW perceived any risk of cervical cancer, and only 15.3% ever had a Pap smear. About 40.8% of FSW would accept HPV vaccine if it is free, and 21.8% would accept it even with a charge. Multivariate regression suggested that women with better knowledge of cervical cancer were more likely to have a Pap smear (aOR = 1.35); women who had tested for HIV were 11 times more likely to have a Pap smear, and women who had worked longer in commercial sex (aOR = 1.01) and had regular health check-ups (aOR = 1.95) were more likely to accept HPV vaccine. Conclusions: Our study underscores the needs for effective cervical cancer prevention programs for FSW in China and other resource-limited countries. We specifically call for cervical cancer and HPV knowledge and awareness programs and regular screening as well as HPV risk-reduction programs for these vulnerable women.

Description: The purpose of this work is using distilled water as working fluid to study the spray cooling heat transfer characteristics from non-boiling zone to boiling zone by CFD method. Simulation is performed using a Euler-Lagrangian method based on the air and liquid droplet two phase flow dynamics. The results of this simulation are in accordance with the experimental results of the laboratory. The simulation results show that the spray height is an important factor influencing the cooling characteristics. With the decrease of spray height, the heat transfer effect is enhanced.

Description: Energy & Fuels DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b02720

Description: Background: Alcohol consumption has been inconsistently associated with the risk of ovarian cancer. The purpose of this study was to summarize the data from prospective cohort studies on the relationship between alcohol consumption and ovarian cancer using a meta-analytic approach. Methods: We performed electronic searches of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library in May 2014 to identify studies that examined the effects of alcohol consumption on the incidence of ovarian cancer. Only prospective cohort studies that reported effect estimates about the incidence of ovarian cancer with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of alcohol intake were included. Results: Collectively, we included 13 prospective studies that reported on data from 1,996,841 individuals and included 5,857 cases of ovarian cancer. Alcohol consumption had little to no effect on ovarian cancer incidence when compared to non-drinkers (risk ratio [RR], 1.03; 95% CI, 0.96–1.10; P = 0.473). Similarly, low (RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93–1.00; P = 0.059), moderate (RR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.92–1.27; P = 0.333), and heavy (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.88–1.12; P = 0.904) alcohol consumption was not associated with the risk of ovarian cancer. Furthermore, subgroup analyses suggested that low alcohol intake was associated with a reduced risk of ovarian cancer whereas heavy alcohol intake was associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer in multiple subpopulations. Conclusions: Our study suggests that alcohol intake is not associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer. Subgroup analyses indicated that alcohol consumption might be associated with the risk of ovarian cancer in specific population or in studies with specific characteristics.

Description: There are some problems of high saturation sandstone reservoir in late development stage, such as low reservoir pressure level, low oil production volume and high water content ratio. At present, the conventional treatment measures are poor to improve the reservoir development efficiency. Through extensive investigation and comprehensive analysis, the cyclic water flooding method can effectively improve the reservoir development efficiency. This study is based on the theory of cyclic water flooding method to replace remaining oil. The numerical simulation of cyclic water flooding is carried out by establishing geological model of actual blocks. By analysing the influence of injection-production ratio, injection-production method and liquid production volume on the cyclic water flooding development efficiency, the cyclic water flooding scheme of high saturation sandstone reservoir in the late development stage is optimized.