Note: Front Cover -- Identification and Ecology of Freshwater Arthropods in the Mediterranean Basin -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of contributors -- 1 Introduction* -- Introduction -- Components of taxonomic chapters -- How to use this volume and the limits to identification -- References -- 2 Ecology of Mediterranean freshwater ecosystems -- Mediterranean climate -- Anthropogenic activities in the Mediterranean Basin -- Streams and rivers -- Lakes and wetlands -- The role of disturbances in Mediterranean freshwater ecosystems -- Freshwater biodiversity and endemism -- References -- 3 Arthropoda -- Subchapter 3.1 Introduction to the Phylum Arthropoda -- Overview -- General ecology and distribution of Arthropods -- Arthropod food webs -- Biodiversity patterns, endemic nature, and conservation status -- Biodiversity patterns -- Nonindigenous species -- Morphological characters needed in identification -- Keys to freshwater Arthropoda -- Arthropoda: Subphyla -- Subphylum Chelicerata: Class Arachnida: Orders -- Class Arachnida: Subclass Aranae: Families -- Subclass Acari: Orders and Suborders -- Subphylum Crustacea: Classes -- Introduction to the subphylum Chelicerata, class Arachnida -- Overview -- Subclass Aranae: spiders associated with aquatic habitats -- Subclass Acari: mites associated with aquatic habitats -- Introduction to the subphylum Crustacea -- Overview -- Subphylum Crustacea: class Hexapoda -- Insecta -- Collembola -- Subphylum Crustacea: "Traditional" Crustaceans -- Habitats -- Food webs -- A brief introduction to the classes Branchiopoda, Ostracoda, Thecostraca, Copepoda, Ichthyostraca, and Malacostraca -- Class Branchiopoda (Chapter 4) -- Class Ostracoda (Chapter 5) -- Class Copepoda (Chapter 6) -- Class Thecostraca -- Class Ichthyostraca (Chapter 6) -- Class Malacostraca (Chapter 7) -- Acknowledgments. , Subchapter 3.2 Molecular tools for species identification -- Introduction -- DNA barcoding -- Massive parallel sequencing: metabarcoding and the analysis of environmental DNA -- Other approaches and technologies -- References -- 4 Class Branchiopoda -- Introduction -- Limitations -- Terminology and morphology -- Sampling, preparation, and preservation -- Keys to Branchiopoda -- Branchiopoda: Orders -- Branchiopoda: Anostraca: Families -- Branchiopoda: Anostraca: Chirocephalidae: Genera -- Branchiopoda: Anostraca: Chirocephalidae: Linderiella: Species -- Branchiopoda: Anostraca: Chirocephalidae: Chirocephalus: Species -- Branchiopoda: Anostraca: Artemiidae: Artemia: Species -- Branchiopoda: Anostraca: Branchinectidae: Branchinecta: Species -- Branchiopoda: Anostraca: Streptocephalidae: Streptocephalus: Species -- Branchiopoda: Anostraca: Tanymastigidae: Genera -- Branchiopoda: Anostraca: Tanymastix: Species -- Branchiopoda: Anostraca: Tanymastigites: Species -- Branchiopoda: Anostraca: Branchipodidae: Branchipus: Species -- Branchiopoda: Notostraca: Triopsidae: Genera -- Branchiopoda: Notostraca: Lepidurus: Species -- Branchiopoda: "Diplostraca": Orders -- Branchiopoda: Diplostraca: Spinicaudata: Families -- Branchiopoda: Diplostraca: Spinicaudata: Limnadiidae: Genera -- Branchiopoda: Diplostraca: Spinicaudata: Leptestheriidae: Genera -- Branchiopoda: Diplostraca: Cladocera: Onychopoda: Families -- Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Onychopoda: Cercopagididae: Bythotrephes: Species -- Branchiopoda: Diplostraca: Cladocera: Onychopoda: Podonidae: Genera -- Branchiopoda: Diplostraca: Cladocera: Onychopoda: Evadne: Species -- Branchiopoda: Diplostraca: Cladocera: Anomopoda: Families -- Branchiopoda: Diplostraca: Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae: Subfamilies -- Branchiopoda: Diplostraca: Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae: Chydorinae: Genera. , Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae: Chydorinae: Chydorus: Species -- Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Chydoridae: Chydorinae: Ephemeroporus: Species -- Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae: Chydorinae: Pleuroxus: Species -- Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae: Chydorinae: Disparalona: Species -- Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae: Chydorinae: Alonella: Species -- Branchiopoda: Diplostraca: Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae: Aloninae: Genera -- Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae: Aloninae: Leydigia: Species -- Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae: Aloninae: Coronatella: Species -- Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae: Aloninae: Ovalona: Species -- Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae: Aloninae: other Alona: Species -- Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae: Aloninae: Camptocercus: Species -- Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae: Aloninae: Acroperus: Species -- Branchiopoda: Diplostraca: Cladocera: Anomopoda: Bosminidae: Species Groups -- Branchiopoda: Diplostraca: Cladocera: Anomopoda: Daphniidae: Genera -- Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda: Daphniidae: Daphnia: Subgenera and Species -- Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda: Daphniidae: Simocephalus: Species -- Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda: Daphniidae: Ceriodaphnia: Species -- Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda: Daphniidae: Scapholeberis: Species -- Branchiopoda: Diplostraca: Cladocera: Anomopoda: Moinidae: Moina: Species -- Branchiopoda: Diplostraca: Cladocera: Anomopoda: Macrothricidae: Genera -- Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda: Macrothricidae: Macrothrix: Species -- Branchiopoda: Diplostraca: Cladocera: Anomopoda: Ilyocryptidae: Ilyocryptus: Species -- Branchiopoda: Diplostraca: Cladocera: Ctenopoda: Sididae: Genera -- Branchiopoda: Diplostraca: Cladocera: Ctenopoda: Sididae: Diaphanosoma: Species. , Acknowledgments -- References -- 5 Class Ostracoda -- Introduction -- General ecology and distribution -- Environmental factors -- Adding dispersal and space to niche effects: ostracod metacommunities -- Biogeography of the Mediterranean ostracod fauna -- Morphological characters used in identification -- Carapace morphology -- Appendages and other chitinized structures -- Material preparation and preservation -- Keys to Ostracoda -- Ostracoda key: superfamilies, families, and subfamilies -- Ostracoda: Darwinuloidea: Darwinulidae: genera -- Ostracoda: Cypridoidea: Cyprididae: Cypridinae: genera -- Ostracoda: Cypridoidea: Cyprididae: Cypridopsinae: genera -- Ostracoda: Cypridoidea: Cyprididae: Cypricercinae: genera -- Ostracoda: Cypridoidea: Cyprididae: Herpetocypridinae: genera -- Ostracoda: Cypridoidea: Cyprididae: Cyprinotinae: genera -- Ostracoda: Cypridoidea: Cyprididae: Eucypridinae: genera -- Ostracoda: Cypridoidea: Cyclocyprididae: Cyclocypridinae: genera -- Ostracoda: Cypridoidea: Candonidae: Candoninae: genera -- Ostracoda: Cytheroidea: Entocytheridae: Entocytherinae: genera -- Ostracoda: Cytheroidea: Kliellidae: genera -- Ostracoda: Cytheroidea: Cytherideidae: genera -- Ostracoda: Cytheroidea: Limnocytheridae: genera -- Ostracoda: Cytheroidea: Timiriaseviidae: genera -- Ostracoda: Cytheroidea: Loxoconchidae: genera -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 Classes Copepoda and Ichthyostraca -- Introduction -- General ecology and distribution -- Copepoda -- Ichthyostraca -- Morphological characteristics used in identification -- Copepoda -- Ichthyostraca -- Material preparation and preservation -- Keys to Copepoda and Ichthyostraca -- Crustacea: Copepoda: orders -- Crustacea: Copepoda: Calanoida: families and subfamilies -- Crustacea: Copepoda: Calanoida: Acartiidae: genera -- Crustacea: Copepoda: Calanoida: Centropagidae: genera. , Crustacea: Copepoda: Calanoida: Diaptomidae: Diaptominae: genera -- Crustacea: Copepoda: Calanoida: Diaptomidae: Paradiaptominae: genera -- Crustacea: Copepoda: Calanoida: Diaptomidae: Speodiaptominae: genera -- Crustacea: Copepoda: Calanoida: Pseudodiaptomidae: genera -- Crustacea: Copepoda: Calanoida: Temoridae: genera -- Crustacea: Copepoda: Cyclopoida: families and subfamilies -- Crustacea: Copepoda: Cyclopoida: Lernaeidae: genera -- Crustacea: Copepoda: Cyclopoida: Ergasilidae: genera -- Crustacea: Copepoda: Cyclopoida: Halicyclopidae: genera -- Crustacea: Copepoda: Cyclopoida: Cyclopidae: Eucyclopinae: genera -- Crustacea: Copepoda: Cyclopoida: Cyclopidae: Cyclopinae: genera -- Crustacea: Copepoda: Harpacticoida: families -- Crustacea: Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Ectinosomatidae: genera -- Crustacea: Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Laophontidae: genera -- Crustacea: Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Arenopontiidae: genera -- Crustacea: Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Darcythompsoniidae: genera -- Crustacea: Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Laophontidae: genera -- Crustacea: Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Nannopodidae: genera -- Crustacea: Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Ameiridae: genera and subgenera -- Crustacea: Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Canthocamptidae: genera and subgenera -- Crustacea: Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Parastenocarididae: genera -- Crustacea: Ichthyostraca: order, family, and genus -- References -- 7 Class Malacostraca (subclass Eumalacostraca) -- Subchapter 7.1 Introduction to Malacostraca -- Introduction -- General ecology and distribution -- Key to Eumalacostraca -- Eumalacostraca: orders -- Subchapter 7.2 Order Amphipoda -- Introduction -- General ecology and distribution -- Terminology and morphology -- Collection, preparation, and identification -- Limitations -- Keys to Amphipoda -- Amphipoda: families -- Amphipoda: Bogidiellidae: genera. , Amphipoda: Bogidiellidae: Medigidiella: species.

Note: Front Cover -- Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates -- Ecology and General Biology: Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates - Volume I -- Copyright -- Dedications from the Editors -- Contents -- Contributors to Volume I -- Acknowledgments for Volume I -- About the Editors -- Preface to the Fourth Edition -- Preface to Volume I -- Section 1 - Introduction -- Chapter 1 - Introduction to Invertebrates of Inland Waters -- INTRODUCTION -- SPECIES AND PHYLOGENIES -- USING SYSTEMATICS AND TAXONOMY TO CLASSIFY ORGANISMS -- TAXONOMIC KEYS TO INVERTEBRATES OF INLAND WATERS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 - Overview of Inland Water Habitats -- INTRODUCTION -- GLOBAL VARIATIONS IN AQUATIC HABITATS -- LOTIC ECOSYSTEMS: RIVERS, STREAMS, AND SPRINGBROOKS -- SUBTERRANEAN HABITATS -- LENTIC ECOSYSTEMS: LAKES, PONDS, WETLANDS, AND PHYTOTELMATA -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 - Collecting, Preserving, and Culturing Invertebrates -- COLLECTING AND SAMPLING -- RECORD-KEEPING -- PRESERVING AND FIXING SPECIMENS -- CULTURING INVERTEBRATES -- Section II - General Ecology and Human Impacts -- Chapter 4 - Functional Relationships of Freshwater Invertebrates -- INTRODUCTION -- DISTRIBUTION IN SPACE -- ACQUIRING ENERGY -- REGULATING POPULATIONS AND COMMUNITIES -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 - Ecology of Invasive Alien Invertebrates -- RATES AND GLOBAL EXTENT OF FRESHWATER INVERTEBRATE INVASIONS -- HUMAN VECTORS OF DISPERSAL -- TRAITS CONFERRING INVASION SUCCESS -- ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS -- CAN THE IMPACTS OF ALIEN INVERTEBRATES BE PREDICTED? -- MANAGEMENT OF INVASIVE AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6 - Economic Aspects of Freshwater Invertebrates -- FRESHWATER INVERTEBRATES IN COMMERCE -- BIOMONITORING -- NUISANCE AQUATIC INSECTS -- BENEFITS OR DAMAGES CAUSED BY INTRODUCED OR INVASIVE SPECIES -- MEDICINAL LEECHES. , STRESSES TO LIVESTOCK AND WILDLIFE FROM BITING FLIES -- DISEASES VECTORED BY FRESHWATER INVERTEBRATES -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Section III - Protozoa to Tardigrada -- Chapter 7 - Free-Living Protozoa -- INTRODUCTION -- STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE PROTOZOAN CELL -- BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY OF FREE-LIVING PROTOZOA -- GENERAL ECOLOGY OF PROTOZOA -- COLLECTING AND CULTURING PROTOZOA -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8 - Phylum Porifera -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING, REARING, AND PREPARATION FOR IDENTIFICATION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9 - Phylum Cnidaria -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING, CULTURING, AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10 - Phylum Platyhelminthes -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING, CULTURING, AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11 - Phylum Nemertea -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING, CULTURING, AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 12 - Phylum Gastrotricha -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING, CULTURING, AND SPECIMEN PRESERVATION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 13 - Phylum Rotifera -- INTRODUCTION TO ROTIFERA -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION -- COLLECTING, CULTURING, AND PREPARATION FOR IDENTIFICATION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 14 - Phylum Nemata -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING, REARING, AND PREPARING SPECIMENS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 15 - Phylum Nematomorpha -- INTRODUCTION TO NEMATOMORPHA -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING, CULTURING, AND PREPARING SPECIMENS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 16 - Phyla Ectoprocta and Entoprocta (Bryozoans). , INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL BIOLOGY OF ECTOPROCTA -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF ECTOPROCTA -- ENTOPROCTA -- COLLECTING, CULTURING, AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 17 - Phylum Tardigrada -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTION, CULTURING, AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION -- REFERENCES -- Section IV - Phylum Mollusca -- Chapter 18 - Introduction to Mollusca and the Class Gastropoda -- INTRODUCTION TO FRESHWATER MEMBERS OF THE PHYLUM MOLLUSCA -- FRESHWATER MEMBERS OF THE CLASS GASTROPODA -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING, CULTURING, AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 19 - CLASS BIVALVIA1 -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY -- COLLECTING, CURATION, AND REARING -- REFERENCES -- Section V - Phylum Annelida -- Chapter 20 - Introduction to Annelida and the Class Polychaeta -- INTRODUCTION TO INLAND WATER ANNELIDA -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING ANNELIDS AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION -- INTRODUCTION TO THE INLAND WATER POLYCHAETA -- GENERAL BIOLOGY OF POLYCHAETA -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF POLYCHAETA -- COLLECTING POLYCHAETES AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 21 - Clitellata: Oligochaeta -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING, CULTURING, AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 22 - Clitellata: Branchiobdellida -- INTRODUCTION TO THE BRANCHIOBDELLIDA -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING, CULTURING, AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 23 - Clitellata: Hirudinida and Acanthobdellida -- INTRODUCTION TO HIRUDINIDA AND ACANTHOBDELLIDA -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING, REARING, AND PREPARATION FOR IDENTIFICATION -- REFERENCES -- Section VI - Phylum Arthropoda -- Chapter 24 - Introduction to the Phylum Arthropoda. , GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING, CULTURING, AND PREPARING SPECIMENS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 25 - Subphylum Chelicerata, Class Arachnida -- INTRODUCTION TO ARACHNIDS -- SPIDERS (ARANEAE) -- ACARI: PARASITIFORMES -- ACARIFORMES: FRESHWATER SARCOPTIFORMES -- ACARIFORMES: PROSTIGMATA: OVERVIEW AND FRESHWATER TAXA EXCLUDING HYDRACHNIDIAE -- WATER MITES (PROSTIGMATA: PARASITENGONINA: HYDRACHNIDIAE) -- COLLECTING, REARING, AND PREPARATION FOR STUDY -- DEDICATION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 26 - Subphylum Myriapoda, Class Diplopoda -- INTRODUCTION TO THE SUBPHYLUM -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF FRESHWATER MILLIPEDES -- COLLECTING, REARING, AND PREPARATION FOR IDENTIFICATION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 27 - Introduction to "Crustacea" -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING, CULTURING, AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 28 - Class Branchiopoda -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- LIFE HISTORY AND ECOLOGY -- COLLECTING, CULTURING, AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 29 - Class Maxillopoda -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL BIOLOGY OF COPEPODA -- GENERAL ECOLOGY OF COPEPODA -- GENERAL BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF BRANCHIURA -- GENERAL BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF CIRRIPEDIA -- COLLECTING, CULTURING, AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 30 - Class Ostracoda -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING, CULTURING, AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 31 - Class Malacostraca, Superorders Peracarida and Syncarida -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING, CULTURING, AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 32 - Class Malacostraca, Order Decapoda -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR. , COLLECTING, CULTURING, AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 33 - Hexapoda-Introduction to Insects and Collembola -- INTRODUCTION TO HEXAPODA -- INTRODUCTION TO THE CLASS INSECTA -- GENERAL BIOLOGY OF AQUATIC INSECTS -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF AQUATIC INSECTS -- INTRODUCTION TO COLLEMBOLA -- COLLECTING, CULTURING, AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION OF INSECTS AND SPRINGTAILS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 34 - Order Ephemeroptera -- INTRODUCTION TO MAYFLIES (EPHEMEROPTERA) -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING, REARING, AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 35 - Order Odonata -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING, CULTURING, AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 36 - Order Plecoptera -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING AND REARING STONEFLIES -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 37 - Order Hemiptera -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING, CULTURING, AND PREPARING SPECIMENS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 38 - Order Trichoptera -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING, REARING, AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 39 - Order Coleoptera -- INTRODUCTION TO AQUATIC COLEOPTERA -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING, PRESERVATION, AND CULTURING -- APPENDIX 1: FAMILY DESCRIPTIONS BY SUBORDERS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 40 - Order Diptera -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL BIOLOGY -- GENERAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR -- COLLECTING, CULTURING, AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 41 - Minor Insect Orders -- INTRODUCTION -- MEGALOPTERA -- NEUROPTERA -- BLATTODEA -- HYMENOPTERA -- LEPIDOPTERA -- MECOPTERA -- ORTHOPTERA -- REFERENCES -- Subject Index -- Taxonomy Index.

Note: Front Cover -- Algal Ecology: Freshwater Benthic Ecosystems -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- SECTION ONE: PATTERNS OF BENTHIC ALGAE IN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS -- Chapter 1. An Introduction to Algal Ecology in Freshwater Benthic Habitats -- I. The Diversity of Benthic Algae and Their Habitats in Fresh Waters -- II. The Niche of Freshwater Benthic Algae -- III. Methods for Characterizing Freshwater Benthic Algae -- IV. Conceptual Frameworks for Benthic Algal Community Ecology -- References -- Chapter 2. Patterns in Benthic Algae of Streams -- I. Introduction -- II. Temporal Patterns -- III. Spatial Patterns -- IV. Benthic Algal Proliferations -- V. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 3. Periphyton Patterns in Lakes -- I. Introduction -- II. The Lentic Periphyton Community -- III. Important Influential Factors -- IV. Conclusions and Missing Pieces -- References -- Chapter 4. Pattern in Wetlands -- I. Introduction -- II. Algal Assemblages in Wetlands -- III. The Role of Algae in Wetlands -- IV. Species Composition of Wetland Algae -- V. Algal Production in Wetlands -- VI. Factors Affecting Algal Production -- VII. Conceptual Model of Wetland Algae -- VIII. Conclusion -- References -- SECTION TWO: FACTORS AFFECTING BENTHIC ALGAE -- Chapter 5. Effects of Light -- I. Introduction -- II. Photosynthetic Processes -- III. Benthic Light Environments -- IV. Photosynthesis-Irradiance Relations -- V. Ecological Effects of Light Intensity -- VI. Ecological Effects of Light Quality -- VII. Ultraviolet Radiation -- VIII. Summary -- References -- Chapter 6. Periphyton Responses to Temperature at Different Ecological Levels -- I. Introduction -- II. Autecological Responses -- III. Population Responses -- IV. Community Structure -- V. Ecosystem Response -- VI. Global Temperature Changes -- VII. Synthesis -- References. , Chapter 7. Nutrients -- I. Introduction -- II. Conceptual Framework: Nutrient Uptake and Growth Kinetics -- III. Conceptual Framework: Microhydrodynamic Environment -- IV. Nutrient Limitation of Benthic Algae -- V. Nutrient Kinetics of Benthic Algae -- VI. Effects of Water Motion on Benthic Algal Nutrient Uptake and Nutrient-Limited Growth -- VII. Nutrient Competition -- References -- Chapter 8. Resource Competition and Species Coexistence in Freshwater Benthic Algal Assemblages -- I. Introductory Remarks -- II. Basic Theory and Predictions: The Lotka-Volterra Equations and the Competitive Exclusion Principle -- III. Limitations to Classical Theory: Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Coexistence in Competitive Hierarchies -- IV. Adaptive Traits Conferring Competitive Dominance and Avoidance -- V. Summary and Recommendations for Future Research -- References -- Chapter 9. Interactions of Benthic Algae with Their Substrata -- I. Introduction: The Interface Niche of Benthic Algae -- II. Substratum Physical Influences -- III. The Challenge of Examining Substratum Chemical Influences -- IV. Known Influences of Substratum Composition -- V. Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Chapter 10. The Role of Heterotrophy in Algae -- I. Defining Autotrophy and Heterotrophy -- II. The Ecological Roles of Algal Heterotrophy in Benthic Assemblages -- III. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 11. The Stimulation and Drag of Current -- I. Introduction -- II. Direct Effects -- III. Indirect Effects -- IV. Manifestations of Current Effects -- V. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 12. Effects of Grazers on Freshwater Benthic Algae -- I. Introduction -- II. Conceptual Framework -- III. Algal Responses to Herbivory -- IV. Future Research Directions and Concerns -- References -- Chapter 13. Response of Benthic Algal Communities to Natural Physical Disturbance. , I. Introduction -- II. Factors Influencing Resistance to Scour -- III. Factors Influencing Resilience Following Scour -- IV. Factors Influencing Response to Emersion -- V. Factors Influencing Response to Light Deprivation and Burial -- VI. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 14. Ecotoxicology of Inorganic Chemical Stress to Algae -- I. Introduction -- II. Adsorption and Uptake -- III. Effects of Inorganic Chemical Stress on Algae -- IV. Mechanisms of Tolerance -- V. Environmental Factors Affecting Metal Toxicity and Uptake -- VI. Interactions among Inorganic Stressors -- VII. Response of Algal Communities to Inorganic Stressors -- VIII. Algal Bioassay of Inorganic Stressors -- References -- Chapter 15. Effects of Organic Toxic Substances -- I. Introduction -- II. Conceptual Framework -- III. Direct Effects -- IV. Indirect Effects -- V. Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 16. Acidification Effects -- I. Introduction -- II. General Responses to the Loss of the Acid-Neutralizing Capacities of Ecosystems -- III. Hypotheses Explaining Acidification Effects -- IV. Conclusions -- References -- SECTION THREE: THE NICHE OF BENTHIC ALGAE IN FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS -- Chapter 17. The Role of Periphyton in Benthic Food Webs -- I. Introduction -- II. Structure of "Macroscopic" Benthic Food Webs -- III. Periphyton in Aquatic Energy Budgets -- IV. Periphyton in Benthic Food Webs -- V. Top-down and Bottom-up Regulation of Benthic Food Webs -- VI. The Case for "Intermediate Regulation -- VII. General Conclusions and Directions for Future Research -- References -- Chapter 18. Algae in Microscopic Food Webs -- I. Introduction -- II. Algal-Bacterial Interaction -- III. Detection of Microbial Feeding Relationships -- IV. Algal and Bacterial Ingestion by Microconsumers. , V. Use of Other Food Resources, Intraguild Predation, and Links to Higher Organisms -- VI. Impact on Production and Standing Crops -- VII. Nutrient Regeneration -- VIII. Conclusions, Implications, and Research Needs -- References -- Chapter 19. Role in Nutrient Cycling in Streams -- I. Introduction -- II. Direct Effects: Nutrient Cycling Processes -- III. Indirect Effects -- IV. Nutrient Turnover Rates and Comparison with Other Ecosystems -- V. Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 20. Benthic Algae and Nutrient Cycling in Lentic Freshwater Ecosystems -- I. Introduction -- II. Nutrient Characteristics in Lentic Habitats -- III. Nutrient Gradients and Limitations -- IV. Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 21. Modeling Benthic Algal Communities: An Example from Stream Ecology -- I. Introduction -- II. A Modeling Approach -- III. The McIntire and Colby Stream Model -- IV. An Updated Herbivory Subsystem Model -- V. Behavior of the Herbivory Subsystem Model -- VI. Behavior of the Updated M & -- C Model -- VII. Hypothesis Generation -- VIII. Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 22. Benthic Algal Communities as Biological Monitors -- I. Introduction -- II. Applications -- III. Methodology -- IV. Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Taxonomic Index -- Subject Index.

Note: Front Cover -- Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Invertebrates -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION TO FRESHWATER INVERTEBRATES -- I. Introduction -- II. Approches to Taxonomic Classification -- III. Synopses of the North American Freshwater Invertebrates -- IV. Taxonomic Key to Major Taxa of Freshwater Invertebrates -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 2. AN OVERVIEW OF FRESHWATER HABITATS -- I. Introduction -- II. Lotic Environments -- III. Underground Aquatic Habitats -- IV. Lentic Ecosystems -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 3. PROTOZOA -- I. Introduction -- II. Anatomy and Physiology -- III. Ecology and Evolution -- IV. Collecting, Rearing, and Preparation for Identification -- V. Identification of Protozoa -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 4. PORIFERA -- I. Introduction -- II. Structure and Physiology -- III. Ecology and Evolution -- IV. Collecting, Rearing, and Preparing Sponges for Identification -- V. Classification -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 5. CNIDARIA -- I. Introduction -- II. General Biology of Cnidaria -- III. Descriptive Ecology of Freshwater Cnidaria -- IV. Collection and Maintenance of Freshwater Cnidaria -- V. Classification of Freshwater Cnidaria -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 6. FLATWORMS: TURBELLARIA AND NEMERTEA -- TURBELLARIA -- I. Introduction: Status in the Animal Kingdom -- II. Anatomy and Physiology -- III. Ecology -- IV. Current and Future Research Problems -- V. Collecting, Rearing, and Identification Techniques -- VI. Identification of North American Genera of Freshwater Turbellaria -- NEMERTEA -- VII. General Characteristics, External and Internal Anatomical Features -- VIII. Ecology -- IX. Current and Future Research Problems -- X. Collection, Culturing, and Preservation -- XI. Taxonomic Key to Species of Freshwater Nemertea in North America. , Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 7. GASTROTRICHA -- I. Introduction -- II. Anatomy and Physiology -- III. Ecology and Evolution -- IV. Collecting, Rearing, and Preparation for Identification -- V. Taxonomic Key -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 8. PHYLUM ROTIFERA -- I. Introduction -- II. Anatomy and Physiology -- III. Ecology and Evolution -- IV. Collecting, Rearing, and Preparation for Identification -- V. Classification and Systematics -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 9. NEMATODA AND NEMATOMORPHA -- NEMATODA -- I. Introduction -- II. Morphology and Physiology -- III. Development and Life History -- IV. Ecology -- V. Collecting and Rearing Techniques -- VI. Identification -- NEMATOMORPHA -- VII. Introduction -- VIII. Morphology and Physiology -- IX. Development and Life History -- X. Sampling -- XI. Identification -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 10. MOLLUSCA: GASTROPODA -- I. Introduction -- II. Anatomy and Physiology -- III. Ecology and Evolution -- IV. Collecting and Culturing Freshwater Gastropods -- V. Identification of Freshwater Gastropods of North America -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 11. MOLLUSCA: BIVALVIA -- I. Introduction -- II. Anatomy and Physiology -- III. Ecology and Evolution -- IV. Collecting, Preparation for Identification, and Rearing -- V. Identification of the Freshwater Bivalves of North America -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 12. ANNELIDA: OLIGOCHAETA, INCLUDING BRANCHIOBDELLIDAE -- OLIGOCHAETA -- I. Introduction to the Oligochaeta -- II. Oligochaete Anatomy and Physiology -- III. Ecology and Evolution of Oligochaeta -- IV. Collecting, Rearing, and Preparation of Oligochaetes for Identification -- V. Taxonomic Keys for Oligochaeta -- BRANCHIOBDELLIDAE -- VI. Introduction to Branchiobdellidae -- VII. Anatomy and Physiology of Branchiobdellidans -- VIII. Ecology and Evolution -- IX. Identification of Branchiobdellidans -- Literature Cited. , CHAPTER 13. ANNELIDA: EUHIRUDINEA AND ACANTHOBDELLIDAE -- I. Introduction to Euhirudinea and Acanthobdellidae -- II. Taxonomic Status and Characteristics -- III. Euhirudinea and Acanthobdellidae -- IV. Ecology -- V. Collection and Rearing -- VI. Identification -- VII. Taxonomic Keys -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 14. BRYOZOANS -- I. Introduction -- II. Anatomy and Physiology -- III. Ecology and Evolution -- IV. Entoprocta -- V. Study Methods -- VI. Taxonomic Key -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 15. TARDIGRADA -- I. Introduction -- II. Anatomy -- III. Physiology (Latent States) -- IV. Reproduction and Development -- V. Ecology -- VI. Techniques for Collection, Extraction, and Microscopy -- VII. Identification -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 16. WATER MITES (HYDRACHNIDA) AND OTHER ARACHNIDS -- I. Introduction to Arachnids -- II. Water Mites (Hydrachnida) -- III. Other Arachnids in Freshwater Habitats -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 17. DIVERSITY AND CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTS AND COLLEMBOLA -- I. Introduction -- II. Aquatic Orders of Insects -- III. Partially Aquatic Orders of Insects -- IV. Semiaquatic Collembola-Springtails -- V. Identification of the Freshwater Insects and Collembola -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 18. AQUATIC INSECT ECOLOGY -- I. Introduction -- II. Aquatic Insect Communities -- III. Aquatic Insect Life Histories -- IV. Insect-Mediated Processes -- V. Secondary Production -- VI. Effects of Land Use on Aquatic Insect Communities -- VII. Role of Disturbance -- VIII. Aquatic Insects in Biomonitoring Studies -- IX. Summary -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 19. INTRODUCTION TO THE SUBPHYLUM CRUSTACEA -- I. Introduction -- II. Anatomy and Physiology of Crustacea -- III. Ecology and Evolution of Selected Crustacea -- IV. Collecting, Rearing, and Preparation for Identification -- V. Classification of Peracarida and Brachiura -- Literature Cited. , CHAPTER 20. OSTRACODA -- I. Introduction -- II. Anatomy and Physiology -- III. Life History -- IV. Distribution -- V. Chemical Habitat -- VI. Physical Habitat -- VII. Physiological and Morphological Adaptations -- VIII. Behavioral Ecology -- IX. Foraging Relationships -- X. Population Regulation -- XI. Collecting and Rearing Techniques -- XII. Uses of Freshwater Ostracoda -- XIII. Current and Future Research Problems -- XIV. Classification of Freshwater Ostracodes -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 21. CLADOCERA AND OTHER BRANCHIOPODA -- I. Introduction -- CLADOCERA -- II. Anatomy and Physiology -- III. Distribution -- IV. Behavior -- V. What Cladocerans Eat and What Eats Cladocerans -- VI. Population Regulation -- VII. Functional Role in the Ecosystem -- VIII. Paleolimnology and Molecular Phylogeny -- IX. Toxicology -- X. Current and Future Research -- XI. Collecting and Rearing -- XII. Taxonomic Keys for Cladoceran Genera -- OTHER BRANCHIOPODS -- XIII. Anatomy and Physiology of the Other Branchiopods -- XIV. Ecology of the Other Branchiopods -- XV. Current and Future Research Problems -- XVI. Collecting and Rearing Techniques -- XVII. Taxonomic Keys for Non-Cladoceran Genera of Branchiopods -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 22. COPEPODA -- I. Introduction -- II. Anatomy and Physiology -- III. Ecology and Evolution -- IV. Current and Future Research Problems -- V. Collecting and Rearing Techniques -- VI. Identification Techniques -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 23. DECAPODA -- I. Introduction -- II. Anatomy and Physiology -- III. Ecology and Evolution -- IV. Current and Future Research Problems -- V. Collecting and Rearing Techniques -- VI. Identification -- Literature Cited -- Glossary -- Subject Index -- Taxonomic Index.

Note: Front Cover -- Freshwater Algae of North America -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION TO FRESHWATER ALGAE -- I. Introduction -- II. Classification -- III. Taxonomic Chapters in This Book -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 2. FRESHWATER HABITATS OF ALGAE -- I. What is Fresh Water? -- II. Lentic Environments -- III. Lotic Environments -- IV. Wetlands -- V. Thermal and Acidic Environments -- VI. Unusual Environments -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 3. COCCOID AND COLONIAL CYANOBACTERIA -- I. Introduction -- II. Morphology and Diversity -- III. Ecology and Distribution -- IV. Collection, Preparation, and Culture -- V. Key and Descriptions of Genera -- VI. Guide to Literature for Species Identification -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 4. FILAMENTOUS CYANOBACTERIA -- I. Introduction -- II. Morphology -- III. Ecology -- IV. Methods -- V. Key and Descriptions of Genera -- Note Added in Proof -- VI. Guide to Literature for Species Identification -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 5. RED ALGAE -- I. Introduction -- II. Diversity and Morphology -- III. Ecology and Distribution -- IV. Collection and Preparation for Identification -- V. Key and Descriptions of Genera -- VI. Guide to Literature for Species Identification -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 6. FLAGELLATED GREEN ALGAE -- I. Introduction -- II. Diversity and Morphology -- III. Ecology and Distribution -- IV. Collection and Preparation for Identification -- V. Key and Descriptions of Genera -- VI. Guide to Literature for Species Identification -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 7. NONMOTILE COCCOID AND COLONIAL GREEN ALGAE -- I. Introduction -- II. Diversity and Morphology -- III. Ecology and Distribution -- IV. Collection and Preparation for Identification -- V. Key and Descriptions of Genera -- VI. Guide to Literature for Species Identification -- Literature Cited. , CHAPTER 8. FILAMENTOUS AND PLANTLIKE GREEN ALGAE -- I. Introduction -- II. Diversity and Morphology -- III. Classification of Green Algae -- IV. Ecology and Distribution -- V. Collection and Preparation of Samples -- VI. Key and Descriptions of Genera -- VII. Guide to Literature for Species Identification -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 9. CONJUGATING GREEN ALGAE AND DESMIDS -- I. Introduction -- II. Diversity and Morphology -- III. Ecology and Distribution -- IV. Collection and Preparation for Identification -- V. Key and Descriptions of Genera -- VI. Guide to Literature for Species Identification -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 10. PHOTOSYNTHETIC EUGLENOIDS -- I. Introduction -- II. Diversity and Morphology -- III. Ecology and Distribution -- IV. Collection, Culturing, and Preparation for Identification -- V. Key and Descriptions of North American Genera -- VI. Guide to Literature for Species Identification -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 11. EUSTIGMATOPHYTE, RAPHIDOPHYTE, AND TRIBOPHYTE ALGAE -- I. General Introduction -- II. Eustigmatophytes -- III. Raphidophytes -- IV. Tribophytes -- V. Collection and Preparation for Identification -- VI. Guide to Literature for Species Identification -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 12. CHRYSOPHYCEAN ALGAE -- I. Introduction -- II. Diversity and Morphology -- III. Ecology -- IV. Collection and Preparation for Identification -- V. Key and Descriptions of Genera -- VI. Guide to Literature for Species Identification -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 13. HAPTOPHYTE ALGAE -- I. Introduction -- II. Diversity and Morphology -- III. Ecology and Distribution -- IV. Collection and Preparation for Identification -- V. Key and Descriptions of Genera -- VI. Guide to Literature for Species Identification -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 14. SYNUROPHYTE ALGAE -- I. Introduction -- II. Diversity and Morphology. , III. Ecology and Distribution -- IV. Collection and Preparation for Identification -- V. Keys to Genera and Common Species from North America -- VI. Guide to Literature for Species Identification -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 15. CENTRIC DIATOMS -- I. General Introduction to the Diatoms -- II. Introduction to Centric Diatoms -- III. Classification -- IV. Morphology and Physiology -- V. Ecology and Evolution -- VI. Collection and Study Methods -- VII. Key and Descriptions of Genera -- VIII. Guide to Literature for Species Identification -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 16. ARAPHID AND MONORAPHID DIATOMS -- I. Introduction -- II. Diversity and Morphology -- III. Ecology and Distribution -- IV. Collection and Preparation for Identification -- V. Key and Descriptions of Genera -- VI. Guide to Literature for Species Identification -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 17. SYMMETRICAL NAVICULOID DIATOMS -- I. Introduction -- II. Ecology and Distribution -- III. Key and Descriptions of Genera -- IV. Guide to Literature for Species Identification -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 18. EUNOTIOID AND ASYMMETRICAL NAVICULOID DIATOMS -- I. Introduction -- II. Diversity and Morphology -- III. Ecology and Distribution -- IV. Key and Descriptions of North American Genera -- V. Guide to Literature for Species Identification -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 19. KEELED AND CANALLED RAPHID DIATOMS -- I. Introduction -- II. Diversity and Morphology -- III. Ecology and Distribution -- IV. Collection and Preparation for Identification -- V. Keys and Descriptions of Genera -- VI. Guide to Literature for Species Identification -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 20. DINOFLAGELLATES -- I. Introduction -- II. Morphology and Diversity -- III. Ecology and Distribution -- IV. Collection and Preparation for Identification -- V. Key and Descriptions of Genera. , VI. Guide to Literature for Species Identification -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 21. CRYPTOMONADS -- I. Introduction -- II. Unique Features of Cryptomonads -- III. Origin of Cryptomonads -- IV. Ecology -- V. Collection, Preparation for Isolation, and Culturing -- VI. Classification, Key, and Descriptions -- VII. Availability of Cryptomonads -- VIII. Family Katablepharidaceae -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 22. BROWN ALGAE -- I. Introduction -- II. Diversity and Morphology -- III. Ecology and Distribution -- IV. Methods for Collection and Identification -- V. Key and Descriptions of Genera -- VI. Guide to Literature for Species Identification -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 23. USE OF ALGAE IN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS -- I. Introduction -- II. Goals of Environmental Assessment with Algae -- III. Sampling and Assessing Algal Assemblages for Environmental Assessment -- IV. Developing Metrics for Hazard Assessment -- V. Exposure Assessment: What Are Environmental Conditions? -- VI. Stressor-Response Relations -- VII. Risk Characterization and Management decisions -- VIII. Conclusions -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 24. CONTROL OF NUISANCE ALGAE -- I. Introduction -- II. Problems Associated with Algae -- III. Control Methods for Nuisance Algae -- Literature Cited -- Glossary -- Author Index -- Subject Index -- Taxonomic Index.

Note: Front Cover -- Keys to Palaearctic Fauna -- Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates -- Keys to Palaearctic Fauna: Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates - Volume IV -- Copyright -- Dedications From the Editors -- Contents -- Contributors to Volume IV -- About the Editors -- Preface to the Fourth Edition -- Preface to Volume IV -- Acknowledgments for Volume IV -- 1 - Introduction1 -- INTRODUCTION TO THIS SERIES, VOLUME, AND CHAPTER -- NATURE AND FAUNA OF THE PALAEARCTIC BIOREGION -- COMPONENTS OF TAXONOMIC CHAPTERS -- HOW TO USE THIS VOLUME -- KEYS TO MAJOR TAXA OF INLAND WATER INVERTEBRATES OF THE PALAEARCTIC -- REFERENCES -- Part I -- 2 - Protozoa -- INTRODUCTION -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- Flagellates -- Choanoflagellates -- Bicoecids -- Kinetoplastids -- Cryptomonads -- Dinoflagellates -- Chrysophytes -- Euglenids -- Amoebae -- Heliozoans -- Ciliates -- Karyorelictea -- Nassophorea -- Prostomatea and Litostomatea -- Phyllopharyngea -- Colpodea -- Oligohymenophorea -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- Isolation -- Cultivation -- Preservation -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- KEYS TO PROTOZOA -- Protozoa: Major Functional Groups -- Protozoa: Major Groups of Flagellated Protozoa -- Protozoa: Major Groups of Amoeboid Protozoa -- Protozoa: Amoeboid Protozoa: Heterolobosea: Schizopyrenida: Families -- Protozoa: Amoeboid Protozoa: Heterolobosea: Lobosea: Families -- Protozoa: Amoeboid Protozoa: Cercozoa: Subphyla -- Protozoa: Amoeboid Protozoa: Cercozoa: Filosa: Families -- Protozoa: Amoeboid Protozoa: Cercozoa: Endomyxa: Families -- Protozoa: Amoeboid Protozoa: Granuloreticulosea -- Protozoa: Amoeboid Protozoa: Heliozoa and Pseudoheliozoa -- Protozoa: Ciliophora: Classes and Subclasses -- Protozoa: Ciliophora: Suctoria: Orders -- Protozoa: Ciliophora: Suctoria: Exogenida: Families. , Protozoa: Ciliophora: Suctoria: Endogenida: Families -- Protozoa: Ciliophora: Suctoria: Evaginogenida: Families -- Protozoa: Ciliophora: Oligohymenophorea: Peritrichia: Mobilida: Families -- Protozoa: Ciliophora: Oligohymenophorea: Peritrichia: Sessilida: Families -- Protozoa: Ciliophora: Colpodea: Families -- Protozoa: Ciliophora: Oligohymenophorea: Subclasses -- Protozoa: Ciliophora: Hymenostomatia: Families -- Protozoa: Ciliophora: Peniculia: Families -- Protozoa: Ciliophora: Scuticociliatia: Families -- Protozoa: Ciliophora: Litostomatea: Orders -- Protozoa: Ciliophora: Litostomatea: Pleurostomatida: Families -- Protozoa: Ciliophora: Litostomatea: Haptorida: Families -- Protozoa: Ciliophora: Prostomatea: Orders -- Protozoa: Ciliophora: Prostomatea: Prorodontida: Families -- Protozoa: Ciliophora: Prostomatea: Prostomatida: Families -- Protozoa: Ciliophora: Nassophorea: Families -- Protozoa: Ciliophora: Phyllopharyngea: Families -- Protozoa: Ciliophora: Spirochotrichea: Stichotrichia: Orders -- Protozoa: Ciliophora: Spirotrichea: Stichotrichia: Sporadotrichida: Families -- Protozoa: Ciliophora: Spirotrichea: Stichotrichia: Urostylida: Families -- Protozoa: Ciliophora: Spirotrichea: Stichotrichia: Stichotrichida: Families -- Protozoa: Ciliophora: Spirotrichea: Hypotrichia: Families -- Protozoa: Ciliophora: Plagiopylea: Families -- Protozoa: Ciliophora: Spirotrichea: Choreotrichia and Oligotrichia Families -- Protozoa: Ciliophora: Armophorea: Families -- Protozoa: Ciliophora: Heterotrichea: Families -- REFERENCES -- 3 - Phylum Porifera -- INTRODUCTION -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- KEYS TO SPONGILLIDA -- Spongillida: Families -- Spongillida: Spongillidae: Genera -- Spongillida: Spongillidae: Nudospongilla: Species -- Spongillida: Spongillidae: Spongilla: Species. , Spongillida: Spongillidae: Pottsiela: Species -- Spongillida: Spongillidae: Eunapius: Species -- Spongillida: Spongillidae: Stratospongilla: Species -- Spongillida: Spongillidae: Radiospongilla: Species -- Spongillida: Spongillidae: Trochospongilla: Species -- Spongillida: Spongillidae: Corvospongilla: Species -- Spongillida: Spongillidae: Ephydatia: Species -- Spongillida: Spongillidae: Heteromeyenia: Species -- Spongillida: Lubomirskiidae: Genera -- Spongillida: Lubomirskiidae: Rezinkovia: Species -- Spongillida: Lubomirskiidae: Lubomirskia: Species -- Spongillida: Lubomirskiidae: Swartschewskia: Species -- Spongillida: Lubomirskiidae: Baikalospongia: Species -- Spongillida: Malawispongiidae: Genera -- Spongillida: Malawispongiidae: Ochridaspongia Species -- REFERENCES -- 4 - Phylum Cnidaria -- INTRODUCTION -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- Hydroids -- Medusae -- KEYS TO CNIDARIA -- Cnidaria: Classes -- Hydrozoa: Families -- Hydrozoa: Olindiidae: Genera -- Hydrozoa: Olindiidae: Limnocnida: Species -- Hydrozoa: Olindiidae: Craspedacusta: Species -- Hydrozoa: Bougainvilliidae: Species -- Hydrozoa: Hydridae: Genera -- Hydrozoa: Hydridae: Chlorohydra: Species -- Hydrozoa: Hydridae: Pelmatohydra: Species -- Hydrozoa: Hydridae: Hydra: Species -- Hydrozoa: Moerisiidae: Moerisia: Species -- REFERENCES -- 5 - Phylum Platyhelminthes -- INTRODUCTION -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- ABBREVIATIONS USED IN FIGURES -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- KEYS TO PLATYHELMINTHES -- Platyhelminthes: Orders -- Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Families -- Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Dendrocoelidae: Genera -- Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Planariidae: Genera -- Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Dugesiidae: Genera -- Platyhelminthes: Proseriata: Families. , Platyhelminthes: Proseriata: Otomesostomidae: Genera -- Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela: Suborders -- Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela: Dalyellida: Dalyelliidae: Genera -- Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela: Dalytyphoplanida: Typhloplanidae: Subfamilies -- Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela: Dalytyphoplanida: Typhloplanidae: Typhloplaninae: Genera -- Rhabdocoela: Dalytyphoplanida: Typhloplanidae: Rhynchomesostominae: Genera -- Rhabdocoela: Dalytyphoplanida: Typhloplanidae: Protoplanellinae: Genera -- Rhabdocoela: Dalytyphoplanida: Typhloplanidae: Mesostominae: Genera -- Rhabdocoela: Dalytyphoplanida: Typhloplanidae: Ascophorinae: Genera -- Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela: Kalyptorhynchia: Families -- Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela: Kalyptorhynchia: Koinocystidae: Genera -- Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela: Kalyptorhynchia: Karkinorhynchidae: Genera -- Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela: Kalyptorhynchia: Polycystidae: Genera -- Platyhelminthes: Macrostomida: Families -- Platyhelminthes: Macrostomida: Macrostomidae: Genera -- Platyhelminthes: Macrostomida: Microstomidae: Genera -- Platyhelminthes: Lecithoepitheliata: Prorhynchidae: Genera -- Platyhelminthes: Catenulida: Families -- Platyhelminthes: Catenulida: Stenostomidae: Genera -- Platyhelminthes: Catenulida: Catenulidae: Genera -- Platyhelminthes: Prolecithophora: Families -- Platyhelminthes: Prolecithophora: Protomonotresidae: Genera -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 6 - Phylum Nemertea -- INTRODUCTION -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- KEYS TO NEMERTEA -- Nemertean Classes -- Nemertea: Heteronemertea: Species -- Nemertea: Hoplonemertea: Species -- REFERENCES -- 7 - Phylum Gastrotricha -- INTRODUCTION -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- KEYS TO GASTROTRICHA -- Gastrotricha: Orders -- Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida: Families. , Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida: Neogosseidae: Genera -- Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida: Neogosseidae: Neogossea: Species -- Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida: Dasydytidae: Genera -- Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida: Dasydytidae: Anacanthoderma: Species -- Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida: Dasydytidae: Haltidytes: Species -- Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida: Dasydytidae: Chitonodytes: Species -- Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida: Dasydytidae: Stylochaeta: Species -- Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida: Dasydytidae: Dasydytes: Species -- Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida: Dasydytidae: Setopus: Species -- Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida: Dichaeturidae: Dichaetura: Species -- Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida: Chaetonotidae: Genera -- Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida: Chaetonotidae: Polymerurus: Species -- Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida: Chaetonotidae: Ichthydium: Species -- Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida: Chaetonotidae: Chaetonotus: Subgenera -- Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida: Chaetonotidae: Chaetonotus (Zonochaeta): Species -- Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida: Chaetonotidae: Chaetonotus (Wolterecka): Species -- Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida: Chaetonotidae: Chaetonotus (Lepidochaetus): Species -- Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida: Chaetonotidae: Chaetonotus (Primochaetus): Species -- Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida: Chaetonotidae: Chaetonotus (Captochaetus): Species -- Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida: Chaetonotidae: Chaetonotus (Chaetonotus): Species -- Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida: Chaetonotidae: Lepidodermella Species -- Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida: Chaetonotidae: Fluxiderma: Species -- Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida: Chaetonotidae: Aspidiophorus: Species -- Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida: Chaetonotidae: Heterolepidoderma: Species -- REFERENCES -- 8 - Phylum Rotifera -- INTRODUCTION -- Systematics of Rotifer Classes -- Class Pararotatoria, Subclass Seisonidea -- Class Eurotatoria, Subclass Bdelloidea -- Class Eurotatoria, Subclass Monogononta -- LIMITATIONS. , TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY.

Note: Front Cover -- Keys to Neotropical Hexapoda -- Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates -- Keys to Neotropical Hexapoda: Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates - Volume III -- Copyright -- Dedications from the Editors -- Contents -- Contributors to Volume III -- About the Editors -- Preface to the Fourth Edition -- Preface to Volume III -- Acknowledgments for Volume III -- I: Introduction and Subclass Entognatha -- 1 - Introduction -- INTRODUCTION TO THIS SERIES, VOLUME, AND CHAPTER -- NATURE AND FAUNA OF THE NEOTROPICS -- COMPONENTS OF TAXONOMIC CHAPTERS -- HOW TO USE THIS VOLUME -- KEYS TO MAJOR TAXA OF HEXAPODA -- Hexapoda: Classes -- Hexapoda: Insecta: Orders -- REFERENCES -- 2 - Class Collembola -- INTRODUCTION -- Systematics of Collembola Orders -- Order Poduromorpha (sensu Janssens & -- Christiansen, 2011) -- Order Entomobryomorpha (sensu Soto-Adames et al., 2008) -- Order Symphypleona (sensu Bretfeld, 1994, 1999) -- Order Neelipleona, Family Neelidae -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- Collembola Terminology -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- KEY TO NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER COLLEMBOLA -- Collembola: Orders -- Collembola: Poduromorpha: Families -- Collembola: Poduromorpha: Odontellidae: Genera -- Collembola: Poduromorpha: Brachystomellidae: Genera -- Collembola: Poduromorpha: Neanuridae: Genera -- Collembola: Poduromorpha: Hypogastruridae: Genera -- Collembola: Poduromorpha: Onychiuridae: Genera -- Collembola: Poduromorpha: Tullbergiidae: Genera -- Collembola: Entomobryomorpha: Families -- Collembola: Entomobryomorpha: Isotomidae: Genera -- Collembola: Entomobryomorpha: Entomobryidae: Genera -- Collembola: Entomobryomorpha: Paronellidae: Genera -- Collembola: Symphypleona: Families -- Collembola: Symphypleona: Sminthurididae: Genera -- Collembola: Symphypleona: Dicyrtomidae: Genera. , Collembola: Symphypleona: Sminthuridae: Genera -- Collembola: Symphypleona: Bourletiellidae: Genera -- Collembola: Symphypleona: Spinothecidae: Genera -- Collembola: Symphypleona: Katiannidae: Genera -- Collembola: Neelipleona: Neelidae: Genera -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- II - Subclass Insecta -- II.1 - Orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Orthoptera, Blattodea, Hemiptera, Neuroptera, Megaloptera, Hymenoptera, Trichoptera, Lepidoptera, and Mecoptera -- 3 - Order Ephemeroptera -- INTRODUCTION -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- KEYS TO THE ORDER EPHEMEROPTERA -- Ephemeroptera: Families -- Euthyplociidae: Genera -- Polymitarcyidae: Genera -- Oligoneuriidae: Genera -- Caenidae: Genera -- Leptohyphidae: Genera -- Ameletopsidae: Genera -- Heptageniidae: Genera -- Leptophlebiidae: Genera -- Baetidae: Genera -- REFERENCES -- 4 - Order Plecoptera -- INTRODUCTION -- Suborder Arctoperlaria -- Suborder Antarctoperlaria -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- Cephalic Structures -- Thoracic Structures -- Abdominal Structures -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- KEYS TO PLECOPTERA -- Plecoptera: Families -- Plecoptera: Diamphipnoidae: Genera -- Plecoptera: Eustheniidae: Genera -- Plecoptera: Perlidae: Genera -- Plecoptera: Notonemouridae: Genera -- Plecoptera: Austroperlidae: Genera -- Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae: Genera -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 5 - Order Orthoptera -- INTRODUCTION -- Vegetation Used by Semiaquatic Locusts -- Adaptations to the Aquatic Environment -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- KEYS TO SEMIAQUATIC GRASSHOPPERS -- Orthoptera: Acrididae: Subfamilies -- Orthoptera: Leptysminae: Tribes -- Orthoptera: Leptysminae: Tetrataeniini: Genera -- Orthoptera: Leptysminae: Tetrataeniini: Xenismacris: Species. , Orthoptera: Leptysminae: Tetrataeniini: Stenopola: Species -- Orthoptera: Leptysminae: Tetrataeniini: Cornops: Species -- Orthoptera: Leptysmini: Genera -- Orthoptera: Leptysmini: Stenacris: Species -- Orthoptera: Leptysmini: Belosacris: Species -- Orthoptera: Leptysmini: Tucayaca: Species -- Orthoptera: Leptysmini: Leptysma: Species -- Orthoptera: Leptysmini: Leptysmina: Species -- Orthoptera: Leptysmini: Cylindrotettix: Species -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 6 - Order Blattodea -- INTRODUCTION -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- KEYS TO BLATTARIA -- Blattaria: Families -- Blaberidae: Epilamprinae: Tribes -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 7 - Order Hemiptera -- INTRODUCTION -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- MATERIAL PRESERVATION AND PREPARATION -- KEYS TO FRESHWATER HEMIPTERA -- Hemiptera: Infraorders -- Hemiptera: Nepomorpha: Families -- Hemiptera: Nepomorpha: Gelastocoridae: Genera -- Hemiptera: Nepomorpha: Ochteridae: Genera -- Hemiptera: Nepomorpha: Corixidae (Sensu Lato): Genera -- Hemiptera: Nepomorpha: Nepidae: Genera -- Hemiptera: Nepomorpha: Belostomatidae: Genera -- Hemiptera: Nepomorpha: Naucoridae: Genera -- Hemiptera: Nepomorpha: Notonectidae: Genera -- Hemiptera: Nepomorpha: Helotrephidae: Genera -- Hemiptera: Nepomorpha: Pleidae: Genera -- Infraorder Leptopodomorpha -- Hemiptera: Leptopodomorpha: Saldidae: Genera -- Hemiptera: Gerromorpha: Families -- Hemiptera: Gerromorpha: Hydrometridae: Genera -- Hemiptera: Gerromorpha: Hebridae: Genera -- Hemiptera: Gerromorpha: Mesoveliidae: Genera -- Hemiptera: Gerromorpha: Gerridae: Genera -- Hemiptera: Gerromorpha: Veliidae: Genera -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 8 - Order Megaloptera -- INTRODUCTION -- Sialidae -- Corydalidae -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION. , KEYS TO LARVAL MEGALOPTERA -- Megaloptera: Families -- Megaloptera: Corydalidae: Subfamilies -- Megaloptera: Corydalidae: Corydalinae: Genera -- Megaloptera: Corydalidae: Chauliodinae: Genera -- Megaloptera: Sialidae: Genera -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 9 - Order Neuroptera -- INTRODUCTION -- Sisyridae -- Osmylidae -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- KEY TO AQUATIC LARVAE OF NEUROPTERA -- Neuroptera: Families -- Sisyridae: Genera -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 10 - Order Trichoptera -- INTRODUCTION -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- KEYS TO TRICHOPTERA -- Trichoptera: Families -- Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae: Genera -- Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae: Smicridea: Subgenera -- Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae: Genera -- Trichoptera: Limnephilidae: Genera -- Trichoptera: Leptoceridae: Genera -- Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae: Genera -- Trichoptera: Hydrobiosidae: Genera -- Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae: Genera -- Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae: Genera -- Trichoptera: Anomalopsychidae: Genera -- Trichoptera: Tasimiidae: Genera -- Trichoptera: Odontoceridae: Genera -- Trichoptera: Sericostomatidae: Genera -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 11 - Order Lepidoptera -- INTRODUCTION -- Cosmopterigidae -- Momphidae -- Tortricidae -- Pyralidae -- Crambidae -- Subfamily Acentropinae -- Subfamily Crambinae -- Subfamily Pyraustinae -- Subfamily Schoenobiinae -- Subfamily Spilomelinae -- Sphingidae -- Erebidae -- Noctuidae -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- KEYS TO LARVAL LEPIDOPTERA -- Families -- Noctuidae: Genera -- Crambidae: Subfamilies -- Crambidae: Acentropinae: Genera -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 12 - Order Hymenoptera -- INTRODUCTION -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY. , MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- KEY TO AQUATIC HYMENOPTERA -- Hymenoptera: Families -- REFERENCES -- 13 - Order Mecoptera -- INTRODUCTION -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- II.2 - Order Odonata -- 14 - Order Odonata -- INTRODUCTION -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- Glossary -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- KEYS TO ODONATA -- Odonata: Suborders -- Odonata: Zygoptera: Superfamilies -- Odonata: Anisoptera: Superfamilies -- Odonata: Anisoptera: Cordulegastroidea: Families -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 14.1 - Superfamily Aeshnoidea -- INTRODUCTION -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- KEYS TO AESHNOIDEA -- Aeshnoidea: Families -- Aeshnoidea: Austropetaliidae: Genera -- Aeshnoidea: Aeshnidae: Genera -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 14.2 - Superfamily Gomphoidea -- INTRODUCTION -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- KEYS TO GOMPHIDAE -- Gomphoidea: Gomphidae: Genera -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 14.3 - Odonata: Superfamily Libelluloidea -- INTRODUCTION -- Systematics of Libelluloidea Families -- Synthemistidae -- Macromiidae -- Corduliidae -- Libellulidae -- LIMITATIONS -- KEYS TO LIBELLULOIDEA -- Libelluloidea: Families -- Libelluloidea: Corduliidae and Related Incertae Sedis Genera (Neocordulia and Lauromacromia): Genera -- Libelluloidea: Libellulidae: Genera -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 14.4 - Superfamily Calopterygoidea -- INTRODUCTION -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- KEYS TO CALOPTERYGOIDEA -- Calopterygoidea: Families -- Calopterygoidea: Amphipterygidae: Genera -- Calopterygoidea: Calopterygidae: Genera -- Calopterygoidea: Dicteriadidae: Genera. , Calopterygoidea: Megapodagrionidae: Genera.

Note: Cover -- Field Guide to Freshwater Invertebrates of North America -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Biographic Sketches of the Authors -- Photograph Credits -- Part1 Introduction -- 1. Using This Book Effectively -- I. Introduction to This Field Guide -- II. How Invertebrates are Classified -- III. A Cautionary Note -- 2. General Techniques for Collecting and Identification -- I. Finding, Collecting, and Culturing Aquatic Invertebrates -- II. How to Use a Dichotomous Key -- III. Introductory Taxonomic Key for Invertebrates and Chapter Guide -- Part II General Ecology of Freshwater Invertebrates -- 3. The Nature of Inland Water Habitats -- I. Introduction -- II. Lotic Environments-Creeks and Rivers -- III. Subterranean Habitats: Hyporheic Zone and Cave Environments -- IV. Lentic Ecosystems -- 4. A Primer on Ecological Relationships amongFreshwater Invertebrates -- I. Introduction -- II. Physiological Ecology -- III. Organismal and Population Ecology -- IV. Community Ecology -- Part III Ecology and Identification of Specific Taxa -- 5. Sponges: Phylum Porifera -- I. Introduction, Diversity, and Distribution -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Representative Taxa of Freshwater Sponges: Phylum Porifera -- 6. Hydra and Jellyfish: Phylum Cnidaria -- I. Introduction, Diversity, and Distribution -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Representative Taxa: Phylum Cnidaria -- 7. Flatworms: Phylum Platyhelminthes, Class Turbellaria -- I. Introduction, Diversity, and Distribution -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Representative Taxa of Flatworms: Class Turbellaria -- 8. Hairworms: Phylum Nematomorpha. , I. Introduction, Diversity, and Distribution -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Representative Taxa of Hairworms: Phylum Nematomorpha -- 9. Snails: Phylum Mollusca, Class Gastropoda -- I. Introduction, Diversity, and Distribution -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Representative Taxa of Snails and Limpets: Class Gastropoda -- 10. Mussels and Clams: Phylum Mollusca, Class Bivalvia -- I. Introduction, Diversity, and Distribution -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Representative Taxa of Clams and Mussels: Class Bivalvia -- 11. Aquatic Segmented Worms and Leeches: Phylum Annelida -- I. Introduction to the Phylum Annelida -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Representative Taxa of Aquatic Earthworms and Leeches:Phylum Annelida -- 12. Moss Animals: Phylum Ectoprocta, or Bryozoa -- I. Introduction, Diversity, and Distribution -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Representative Taxa of Moss Animals or Bryozoans: Phylum Ectoprocta -- 13. Introduction to Freshwater Invertebrates in thePhylum Arthropoda -- I. Introduction to the Phylum -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Taxonomic Key to the Phylum Arthropoda -- 14. Mites and Spiders: Subphylum Chelicerata, Class Arachnida -- I. Introduction to the Subphylum -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Representative Taxa of Mites and Spiders: Class Arachnida. , 15. Fairy Shrimp, Tadpole Shrimp, Clam Shrimp, and Water Fleas:Subphylum Crustacea, Class Branchiopoda -- I. Introduction to the Class Branchiopoda -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Representative Taxa in the Class Branchiopoda -- 16. Copepods, Fish Lice, and Seed Shrimp: SubphylumCrustacea, Classes Maxillopoda and Ostracoda -- I. Introduction to Copepods, Fish Lice, and Seed Shrimp -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Representative Taxa of Copepods, Fish Lice, and Seed Shrimps:Classes Maxillopoda and Ostracoda -- 17. Aquatic Sow Bugs, Scuds, and Opossum Shrimp: SubphylumCrustacea, Class Malacostraca, Superorder Peracarida -- I. Introduction -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Representative Taxa of Sow Bugs, Scuds, and Opossum Shrimps:Class Malacostraca, Superorder Peracarida -- 18. Crayfish, Crabs, and Shrimp: Subphylum Crustacea, ClassMalacostraca, Order Decapoda -- I. Introduction to the Order Decapoda -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Representative Taxa of Crayfish, Shrimp, and Crabs: Order Decapoda -- 19. Introduction to Insects and their Near Relatives:Subphylum Hexapoda -- I. Introduction to the Subphylum Hexapoda -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Taxonomic Key -- VI. Representative TAXA -- 20. Mayflies: Insect Order Ephemeroptera -- I. Introduction to the Order Ephemeroptera -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Representative Taxa of Mayflies: Order Ephemeroptera. , 21. Dragonflies and Damselflies: Insect Order Odonata -- I. Introduction to the Order Odonata -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Representative Taxa of Dragonflies and Damselflies: Order Odonata -- 22. Stoneflies: Insect Order Plecoptera -- I. Introduction to the Order Plecoptera -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Representative Taxa of Stoneflies: Order Plecoptera -- 23. True Bugs: Insect Order Hemiptera -- I. Introduction to the Order Hemiptera -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Representative Taxa of True Bugs: Order Hemiptera -- 24. Hellgrammites, Spongillaflies, Caterpillars, and Others:Minor Aquatic Insect Orders -- I. Introduction to Three Orders -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Representative Taxa of Hellgrammites, Spongillaflies, and Aquatic Moths -- 25. Caddisflies: Insect Order Trichoptera -- I. Introduction to Trichoptera -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Representative Taxa of Caddisflies: Order Trichoptera -- 26. Beetles: Insect Order Coleoptera -- I. Introduction to the Order Coleoptera -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing -- V. Representative Taxa of Aquatic Beetles: Order Coleoptera -- 27. Midges, Mosquitoes, Blackflies, and Other True Flies:Insect Order Diptera -- I. Introduction to the Order Diptera -- II. Form and Function -- III. Ecology, Behavior, and Environmental Biology -- IV. Collection and Culturing. , V. Representative Taxa of Aquatic Flies: Order Diptera -- Glossary -- References -- Index.

Note: Front Cover -- Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates -- Keys to Nearctic Fauna -- Copyright -- Dedications from the Editors -- Contents -- Contributors to Volume II -- About the Editors -- Preface to the Fourth Edition -- Preface to Volume II -- Acknowledgments for Volume II -- 1 - INTRODUCTION1 -- INTRODUCTION TO THIS VOLUMEAND CHAPTER 1 -- COMPONENTS OF TAXONOMIC CHAPTERS -- HOW TO USE THIS VOLUME -- KEY TO KINGDOMS AND PHYLA IN THIS VOLUME -- REFERENCES -- 2 - Protozoa -- INTRODUCTION -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- Flagellates -- Amoebae -- Heliozoans -- Ciliates -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- Isolation -- Cultivation -- Preservation -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- KEYS TO PROTOZOA -- REFERENCES -- 3 - Phylum Porifera -- INTRODUCTION -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- KEYS TO SPONGILLIDA OF THE NEARCTIC REGION -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX 3.1 - TAXONOMIC ACCOUNTS OF NEARCTIC PORIFERA -- Family Metaniidae Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1986 -- Corvomeyenia Weltner, 1913 -- Corvomeyenia everetti (Mills, 1884) -- Corvomeyenia carolinensis Harrison, 1971 -- Family Spongillidae Gray, 1867 -- Duosclera Reiswig & -- Ricciardi, 1993b -- Duosclera mackayi (Carter, 1885) -- Eunapius Gray, 1867 -- Eunapius fragilis (Leidy, 1851) -- Pottsiela Volkmer-Ribeiro, de Souza Machado, Fürstenau-Olivera & -- Vieira Soares, 2010 -- Pottsiela aspinosa (Potts, 1880) -- Stratospongilla Annandale, 1909 -- Stratospongilla penneyi (Harrison, 1979) -- Anheteromeyenia Schröder, 1927 -- Anheteromeyenia argyrosperma (Potts, 1880) -- Radiospongilla Penney & -- Racek, 1968 -- Radiospongilla crateriformis (Potts, 1882) -- Radiospongilla cerebellata (Bowerbank, 1863) -- Spongilla Lamarck, 1816 -- Spongilla cenota Penney & -- Racek, 1968 -- Spongilla wagneri Potts, 1889. , Spongilla lacustris (Linnaeus, 1759) -- Spongilla alba Carter, 1849 -- Trochospongilla Vejdowsky, 1883 -- Trochospongilla leidyi (Bowerbank, 1863) -- Trochospongilla pennsylvanica (Potts, 1882) -- Trochospongilla horrida (Weltner, 1893) -- Corvospongilla Annandale, 1911 -- Corvospongilla becki Poirrier, 1978 -- Corvospongilla novaeterrae (Potts, 1886) -- Heteromeyenia Potts, 1881a -- Heteromeyenia baileyi (Bowerbank, 1863) -- Heteromeyenia longistylis Mills, 1884 -- Heteromeyenia latitenta (Potts, 1881a) -- Heteromeyenia tubisperma (Potts, 1881b) -- Heteromeyenia tentasperma (Potts, 1880) -- Racekiela Bass & -- Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1998 -- Racekiela ryderi (Potts, 1882) -- Racekiela biceps (Lindenschmidt, 1950) -- Ephydatia Lamouroux, 1816 -- Ephydatia millsi (Potts, 1887) -- Ephydatia muelleri (Lieberkühn, 1856) -- Ephydatia subtilis Weltner, 1895 -- Ephydatia fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1759) -- Dosilia Gray, 1867 -- Dosilia palmeri (Potts, 1885b) -- Dosilia radiospiculata (Mills, 1888) -- 4 - Phylum Cnidaria -- INTRODUCTION -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- Preservation -- Examining Nematocysts -- KEYS TO FRESHWATER CNIDARIA -- REFERENCES -- 5 - Phylum Platyhelminthes -- INTRODUCTION -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- KEYS TO PLATYHELMINTHES -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 6 - Phylum Nemertea -- INTRODUCTION -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- REFERENCES -- 7 - Phylum Gastrotricha -- INTRODUCTION -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- KEYS TO GASTROTRICHA -- REFERENCES -- 8 - Phylum Rotifera -- INTRODUCTION -- Systematics of Rotifer Classes -- Class Pararotatoria, Family Seisonidea -- Class Eurotatoria, Subclass Bdelloidea. , Class Eurotatoria, Subclass Monogononta -- Rotifers of the Nearctic -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- REFERENCES -- 9 - Phylum Nemata -- INTRODUCTION -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- KEYS TO FRESHWATER NEMATA -- References -- 10 - Phylum Nematomorpha -- INTRODUCTION -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 11 - Phylum Mollusca -- Introduction to Mollusca -- INTRODUCTION -- LIMITATIONS -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- KEYS TO MOLLUSCA -- REFERENCE -- Class Gastropoda -- INTRODUCTION -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- KEYS TO GASTROPODA -- REFERENCES -- Class Bivalvia -- INTRODUCTION2 -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- KEYS TO BIVALVIA -- REFERENCES -- 12 - Phylum Annelida1 -- Introduction to the Phylum -- INTRODUCTION -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- KEYS TO ANNELIDA -- Annelida: Classes -- REFERENCES -- Class Clitellata -- ANNELIDA: CLITELLATA: SUBCLASSES -- Subclass Oligochaeta2 -- INTRODUCTION -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- KEYS TO OLIGOCHAETA -- Oligocheata: Families -- Oligocheata: Lumbriculidae: Genera -- Oligocheata: Naididae: Genera -- REFERENCE -- Subclass Branchiobdellidea -- INTRODUCTION -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- KEYS TO BRANCHIOBDELLIDEA -- Branchiobdellidea: Branchiobdellidae: Subfamilies -- Branchiobdellidea: Branchiobdellina: Genera -- Branchiobdellidea: Branchiobdellinae: Ankyrodrilus: Species -- Branchiobdellidea: Branchiobdellinae: Xironogiton: Species. , Branchiobdellidea: Xironodrilinae: Xironodrilus: Species -- Branchiobdellidea: Bdellodrilinae: Species -- Branchiobdellidea: Cambarincolinae: Genera -- Branchiobdellidea: Cambarincolinae: Ellisodrilus: Species -- Branchiobdellidea: Cambarincolinae: Cambarincola: Species -- Branchiobdellidea: Cambarincolinae: Pterodrilus: Species -- Branchiobdellidea: Cambarincolinae: Forbesodrilus: Species -- Branchiobdellidea: Cambarincolinae: Ceratodrilus: Species -- Branchiobdellidea: Cambarincolinae: Oedipodrilus: Species -- Branchiobdellidea: Cambarincolinae: Sathodrilus: Species -- REFERENCES -- Subclass Hirudinida -- INTRODUCTION -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- KEYS TO HIRUDINIDA -- Hirudinida: Orders -- Hirudinida: Rhynchobdellida: Families -- Hirudinida: Rhynchobdellida: Glossiphoniidae: Genera -- Hirudinida: Rhynchobdellida: Glossiphoniidae: Actinobdella: Species -- Hirudinida: Rhynchobdellida: Glossiphoniidae: Haementeria: Species -- Hirudinida: Rhynchobdellida: Glossiphoniidae: Placobdella: Species -- Hirudinida: Rhynchobdellida: Glossiphoniidae: Helobdella: Species -- Hirudinida: Rhynchobdellida: Glossiphoniidae: Theromyzon: Species -- Hirudinida: Rhynchobdellida: Glossiphoniidae: Glossiphonia: Species -- Hirudinida: Rhynchobdellida: Piscicolidae: Genera -- Hirudinida: Rhynchobdellida: Piscicolidae: Myzobdella: Species -- Hirudinida: Rhynchobdellida: Piscicolidae: Piscicola: Species -- Hirudinida: Rhynchobdellida: Piscicolidae: Cystobranchus: Species -- Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida: Families -- Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida: Haemopidae: Haemopis: Species -- Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida: Macrobdellidae: Genera -- Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida: Macrobdellidae: Macrobdella: Species -- Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida: Macrobdellidae: Philobdella: Species -- Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida: Erpobdellidae: Genera. , Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida: Erpobdellidae: Erpobdella: Species -- Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida: Erpobdellidae: Motobdella: Species -- REFERENCES -- Class Aphanoneura -- INTRODUCTION -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- KEYS TO APHANONEURA -- Aphanoneura: Families -- Aphanoneura: Aeolosomatidae: Aeolosoma: Species -- REFERENCES -- Class Polychaeta -- INTRODUCTION -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- KEYS TO POLYCHAETA -- Polychaeta: Families -- Polychaeta: Nereididae: Species -- Polychaeta: Capitellidae: Species -- Polychaeta: Spionidae: Species -- Polychaeta: Cirratulidae: Species -- Polychaeta: Ampharetidae: Species -- Polychaeta: Serpulidae: Species -- Polychaeta: Sabellidae: Species -- REFERENCES -- 13 - Phylum Ectoprocta (Bryozoa) -- INTRODUCTION -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- KEYS TO FRESHWATER ECTOPROCT BRYOZOANS -- REFERENCES -- 14 - Phylum Entoprocta -- INTRODUCTION -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- REFERENCES -- 15 - Phylum Tardigrada -- INTRODUCTION -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- KEYS TO FRESHWATER TARDIGRADA -- REFERENCES -- 16 - Phylum Arthropoda -- Introduction to the Phylum -- INTRODUCTION -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- KEYS TO ARTHROPODA SUBPHYLA -- REFERENCES -- Subphylum Chelicerata -- INTRODUCTION -- KEYS TO ARACHNIDA SUBCLASSES -- Subclass Araneae -- Arachnida: Aranae: Families -- Arachnida: Aranae: Pisauridae: Dolomedes: Species -- REFERENCE -- Subclass Acari -- INTRODUCTION -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- KEYS TO ACARI ORDERS AND SUBORDERS -- Acari Suborders: Larvae -- Acari Suborders: Adults -- REFERENCES -- Sarcoptiformes: Oribatida -- INTRODUCTION -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- KEYS TO ORIBATID MITES -- Arachnida: Acari: Oribatida: Families. , Arachnida: Acari: Oribatida: Malaconothridae: Genera.

Note: Front Cover -- Keys to Neotropical and Antarctic Fauna -- Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates -- Keys to Neotropical and Antarctic Fauna Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates - Volume V -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Contributors to Volume V -- About the Editors -- Preface to the Fourth Edition -- Preface to Volume V -- Acknowledgments for Volume V -- 1 - Introduction1 -- INTRODUCTION TO THIS VOLUME AND CHAPTER 1 -- NATURE AND FAUNA OF THE NEOTROPICS AND ANTARCTICA -- Fauna of Antarctica and Nearby Islands -- COMPONENTS OF TAXONOMIC CHAPTERS -- HOW TO USE THIS VOLUME -- KEY TO KINGDOMS AND PHYLA IN THIS VOLUME -- REFERENCES -- 2 - Protozoa -- Introduction to Free-Living Protozoa -- INTRODUCTION -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- KEY TO PROTOZOA -- REFERENCES -- 3 - Phylum Porifera -- INTRODUCTION -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- KEYS TO PORIFERA -- Order Spongillida: Genera -- Spongillida: Pottsiela: Species -- Spongillida: Drulia: Species -- Spongillida: Metania: Species -- Spongillida: Tubella: Species -- Spongillida: Dosilia: Species -- Spongillida: Ephydatia: Species -- Spongillida: Anheteromeyenia: Species -- Spongillida: Racekiela: Species -- Spongillida: Heteromeyenia: Species -- Spongillida: Corvomeyenia: Species -- Spongillida: Corvoheteromeyenia: Species -- Spongillida: Spongilla: Species -- Spongillida: Radiospongilla: Species -- Spongillida: Eunapius: Species -- Spongillida: Oncosclera: Species -- REFERENCES -- 4 - Phylum Cnidaria -- INTRODUCTION -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- KEYS TO CNIDARIA -- Class Hydrozoa: Families -- Hydrozoa: Olindiidae: Genera -- Hydrozoa: Hydridae: Hydra: Species -- REFERENCES -- 5 - Phylum Platyhelminthes -- INTRODUCTION -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY. , MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- KEYS TO PLATYHELMINTHES -- Platyhelminthes: Orders -- Platyhelminthes: Catenulida: Families -- Platyhelminthes: Catenulida: Catenulidae: Genera -- Platyhelminthes: Catenulida: Stenostomidae: Genera -- Platyhelminthes: Catenulida: Catenulidae: Stenostomum: Species -- Platyhelminthes: Macrostomida: Families -- Platyhelminthes: Proseriata: Families -- Platyhelminthes: Proseriata: Otoplanidae: Genera -- Platyhelminthes: Proseriata: Monocelididae: Genera -- Platyhelminthes: Lecithoepitheliata: Prorhynchidae: Genera -- Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Families -- Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Dugesiidae: Genera -- Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Dimarcusidae: Genera -- Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Dimarcusidae: Opisthobursa: Species -- Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Uteriporidae: Genera -- Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Uteriporidae: Obrimoposthia: Species -- Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela: Families -- Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela: Typhloplanidae: Genera -- Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela: Polycistididae: Genera -- Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela: Dalyelliidae: Genera -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 6 - Phylum Nemertea -- INTRODUCTION -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- KEYS TO NEMERTEA -- Nemertea: Orders -- Nemertea: Hoplonemertea: Genera -- REFERENCES -- 7 - Phylum Gastrotricha -- INTRODUCTION -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- KEYS TO GASTROTRICHA -- Gastrotricha: Orders -- Gastrotricha: Macrodasyida: Redudasyidae: Genera -- Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida: Families -- Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida: Chaetonotidae: Genera -- Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida: Chaetonotidae: Ichthydium: Species -- Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida: Chaetonotidae: Polymerurus: Species -- Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida: Chaetonotidae: Aspidiophorus: Species. , Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida: Chaetonotidae: Chaetonotus: Species -- Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida: Chaetonotidae: Lepidochaetus: Species -- Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida: Chaetonotidae: Lepidodermella: Species -- Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida: Chaetonotidae: Heterolepidoderma: Species -- Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida: Neogosseidae: Genera -- Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida: Neogosseidae: Neogossea: Species -- Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida: Dasydytidae: Genera -- Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida: Dasydytidae: Haltidytes: Species -- Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida: Dasydytidae: Dasydytes: Species -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 8 - Phylum Rotifera -- INTRODUCTION -- Rotifers of the Neotropics and Antarctica -- Systematics -- Class Bdelloidea -- Class Monogononta -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- Glossary -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- KEY TO ROTIFERA -- Rotifera: Classes -- Rotifera: Bdelloidea: Orders -- Rotifera: Bdelloidea: Philodinavida: Philodinavidae: Genera -- Rotifera: Bdelloidea: Adinetida: Adinetidae: Genera -- Rotifera: Bdelloidea: Philodinida: Families -- Rotifera: Bdelloidea: Habrotrochidae: Genera -- Rotifera: Bdelloidea: Philodinidae: Genera -- Rotifera: Monogononta: Orders -- Rotifera: Monogononta: Flosculariaceae: Families -- Rotifera: Monogononta: Flosculariaceae: Trochosphaeridae: Genera -- Rotifera: Monogononta: Flosculariaceae: Testudinellidae: Genera -- Rotifera: Monogononta: Flosculariaceae: Flosculariidae: Genera -- Rotifera: Monogononta: Flosculariaceae: Conochilidae: Conochilus: Subgenera -- Rotifera: Monogononta: Collothecacea: Families -- Rotifera: Monogononta: Collothecacea: Collothecidae: Genera -- Rotifera: Monogononta: Collothecacea: Atrochidae: Genera -- Rotifera: Monogononta: Ploima: Families -- Rotifera: Monogononta: Ploima: Asplanchnidae: Genera -- Rotifera: Monogononta: Ploima: Dicranophoridae: Genera. , Rotifera: Monogononta: Ploima: Epiphanidae: Genera -- Rotifera: Monogononta: Ploima: Proalidae: Genera -- Rotifera: Monogononta: Ploima: Trichotriidae: Genera -- Rotifera: Monogononta: Ploima: Lepadellidae: Genera -- Rotifera: Monogononta: Ploima: Mytilinidae: Genera -- Rotifera: Monogononta: Ploima: Euchlanidae: Genera -- Rotifera: Monogononta: Ploima: Brachionidae: Genera -- Rotifera: Monogononta: Ploima: Synchaetidae: Genera -- Rotifera: Monogononta: Ploima: Trichocercidae: Genera -- Rotifera: Monogononta: Ploima: Gastropodidae: Genera -- Rotifera: Monogononta: Ploima: Notommatidae: Genera -- REFERENCES -- 9 - Phylum Nematoda -- INTRODUCTION -- LIMITATIONS -- TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- Glossary of Anatomical Terms Used in the Taxonomic Key -- MATERIAL PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION -- Extraction -- Processing the Nematodes -- KEY TO FRESHWATER AND TERRESTRIAL NEMATODA -- Nematoda: Orders -- Nematoda: Mermithida: Mermithidae: Genera -- Nematoda: Mononchida: Families -- Nematoda: Mononchida: Bathyodontina: Mononchuloidea: Mononchulidae: Genera -- Nematoda: Mononchida: Mononchina: Anatonchoidea: Iotonchidae: Genera -- Nematoda: Mononchida: Mononchina: Anatonchoidea: Anatonchidae: Genera -- Nematoda: Mononchida: Mononchina: Mononchoidea: Mylonchulidae: Genera -- Nematoda: Mononchida: Mononchina: Mononchoidea: Mononchidae: Genera -- Nematoda: Enoplida: Families -- Nematoda: Enoplida: Rhabdolaimidae: Genera -- Nematoda: Enoplida: Alaimidae: Genera -- Nematoda: Enoplida: Trischistomatidae: Genera -- Nematoda: Enoplida: Aulolaimidae: Genera -- Nematoda: Plectida: Families -- Nematoda: Plectida: Aphanolaimidae: Genera -- Nematoda: Plectida: Metateratocephalidae: Genera -- Nematoda: Plectida: Plectidae: Genera -- Nematoda: Plectida: Leptolaimidae: Genera -- Nematoda: Monhysterida: Monhysteridae: Genera -- Nematoda: Triplonchida: Families. , Nematoda: Triplonchida: Trichodoridae: Genera -- Nematoda: Triplonchida: Tripylidae: Genera -- Nematoda: Triplonchida: Tobrilidae: Genera -- Nematoda: Triplonchida: Onchulidae: Genera -- Nematoda: Rhabditida: Suborders -- Nematoda: Rhabditida: Tylenchina: Families -- Nematoda: Rhabditida: Tylenchina: Panagrolaimidae: Genera -- Nematoda: Rhabditida: Tylenchina: Osstellidae: Genera -- Nematoda: Rhabditida: Tylenchina: Tricirronematidae: Genera -- Nematoda: Rhabditida: Tylenchina: Cephalobidae: Genera -- Nematoda: Rhabditida: Tylenchina: Aphelenchidae: Genera -- Nematoda: Rhabditida: Tylenchina: Aphelenchoididae: Genera -- Nematoda: Rhabditida: Tylenchina: Criconematidae: Genera -- Nematoda: Rhabditida: Tylenchina: Tylenchulidae: Genera -- Nematoda: Rhabditida: Tylenchina: Tylenchidae: Genera -- Nematoda: Rhabditida: Tylenchina: Neotylenchidae: Genera -- Nematoda: Rhabditida: Tylenchina: Anguinidae: Genera -- Nematoda: Rhabditida: Tylenchina: Dolichodoridae: Genera -- Nematoda: Rhabditida: Tylenchina: Hoplolaimidae: Genera -- Nematoda: Rhabditida: Tylenchina: Pratylenchidae: Genera -- Nematoda: Rhabditida: Tylenchina: Heteroderidae: Genera -- Nematoda: Rhabditida: Rhabditina: Families -- Nematoda: Rhabditida: Rhabditina: Bunonematidae: Genera -- Nematoda: Rhabditida: Rhabditina: Mesorhabditidae: Genera -- Nematoda: Rhabditida: Rhabditina: Rhabditidae: Genera -- Nematoda: Rhabditida: Rhabditina: Diploscapteridae: Genera -- Nematoda: Rhabditida: Rhabditina: Neodiplogasteridae: Genera -- Nematoda: Rhabditida: Rhabditina: Diplogasteroididae: Genera -- Nematoda: Rhabditida: Rhabditina: Diplogasteridae: Genera -- Nematoda: Rhabditida: Chambersiellidae: Genera -- Nematoda: Chromadorida: Genera -- Nematoda: Dorylaimida: Families -- Nematoda: Dorylaimida: Nygolaimidae: Genera -- Nematoda: Dorylaimida: Carcharolaimidae: Genera. , Nematoda: Dorylaimida: Actinolaimidae: Genera.