Keywords:
Chemistry -- Research.
;
Electronic books.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (526 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9781620816691
Series Statement:
Advances in Chemistry Research (Not on Cover)
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=3021133
DDC:
540
Language:
English
Note:
Intro -- ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY RESEARCH VOLUME 10 -- ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY RESEARCH VOLUME 10 -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- MATERIALS THAT SHRINK ON HEATING: PRESSURE-INDUCED PHASE TRANSITIONS IN NEGATIVE THERMAL EXPANSION MATERIALS, AND THEIR ENERGETICS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1. Thermal Expansion -- 1.2. Negative Thermal Expansion -- 1.3. The AM2O8 Family of NTE Materials -- 1.4. The A2M3O12 Family of NTE Materials -- 1.5. Mechanisms for NTE -- 1.6. Practical Aspects -- 1.7. High-Pressure Behavior of NTE Materials -- 1.8. Pressure-Induced Crystalline to Crystalline and Crystalline to Amorphous Phase Transitions in NTE Materials -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL -- Syntheses -- Diffraction Data Collection and Analysis -- X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy Data Collection and Analysis -- High-Temperature and Low-Temperature Calorimetry -- Vibrational Studies: Raman Spectroscopy and Inelastic Neutron Scattering -- Physical Property Characterization on Sc0.67WO4 -- 3. IN SITU AND EX SITU HIGH-PRESSURE STUDIES OF THE PRESSURE-INDUCED AMORPHIZATION IN CUBIC ZRW2O8 -- 4. THERMODYNAMIC STUDIES OF THE PRESSURE-INDUCED AMORPHIZATION IN CUBIC ZRW2O8 -- 5. IN SITU HIGH-PRESSURE SYNCHROTRON XRD STUDY OF SC2W3O12, SC2MO3O12, AND AL2W3O12 -- 6. THERMOCHEMISTRY AND ENERGETICS OF A2M3O12 MATERIALS -- 7. CRYSTAL AND ELECTRONIC STRUCTURES OF A NEW SCANDIUM TUNGSTATE, SC0.67WO4 -- SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHEMICAL, OPTICAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF AMORPHOUS HYDROGENATED CARBON (A:C-H) -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. CHEMICAL BONDING OF CARBON -- 2.1. Carbon as an Element -- 2.2. Structure of the Atom -- 2.3. Basic Quantum Mechanical Concept -- 2.4. Hybridization and the Bonding of Carbon Atom -- 3. DIAMOND LIKE AMORPHOUS CARBON AS A MATERIAL -- 3.1. The Various Forms of Amorphous Carbon.
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3.2. Structure of DLC and Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon (a:C-H) -- 3.3. Why Also There is Interest in DLC -- 3.4. Difficulties of Pure DLC Material and How to Over Come the Problems by Doping of Nonmetal and Metal -- 4. DIFFERENT SYNTHESIS METHODS OF DLC -- 5. PROPERTIES OF METAL AND NONMETAL DOPED DLC THIN FILMS -- 5.1. Synthesis and Chemical and Optical Properties of Doped DLC Thin Films -- 5.1.1. Synthesis of Nonmetal and Metal Doped DLC Thin Films -- 5.1.2. Chemical Characterization -- 5.1.3. Basic Theory of Optical Properties for Thin Film -- 5.1.4. Optical Properties of Doped DLC Thin Films -- 5.2. Electrical Properties -- 6. APPLICATION OF AMORPHOUS HYDROGENATED CARBON AND DLC -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- BOND-STRETCH ISOMERISM AND AROMATICITY IN SOME SELECTED METAL CLUSTERS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. REACTIVITY DESCRIPTORS -- 2. 1. Conceptual DFT Based Global Reactivity Descriptors -- 2.2. Conceptual DFT Based Local Reactivity Descriptors -- 3. ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE PRINCIPLES FOR STABILITY AND REACTIVITY -- Computational Details -- 4. BOND-STRETCH ISOMERISM: A CASE STUDY ON SOME UNIQUE AROMATIC/ANTIAROMATIC CLUSTER MOTIFS -- 4.1. Clusters - What Do They Mean? -- 4.2. All-Metal Aromaticity - A Unique Principle towards Rationalizing Cluster Stability -- 4.3. Bond-Stretch Isomerism -- Trigonal and Higher Order Clusters -- Poly-Metallic Clusters -- Frontier Molecular Orbital Analysis -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN PROCESS ANALYSIS FOR GAS-SOLID FLUIDIZATION -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES IN FLUIDIZED BED SYSTEMS -- 3. EMERGING PROCESS ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES (PAT) APPLICATIONS -- 3.1. Near Infrared Spectroscopy -- 3.2. Particle Size and Imaging.
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3.2.1. Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement (FBRM), Spatial Filtering Technique (SFT) and Particle Vision Microscope (PVM) -- 3.3. Acoustic PAT -- 4. RECENT INNOVATIONS IN FLUIDIZED BED PROCESSES -- 4.1. Pressure Swing Fluidized Bed -- 4.2. Vibro-Fluidization -- 4.3. Rotary Fluidized Bed -- SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHEMICAL BONDING IN HYDRIDES -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. CLASSIFICATION OF THE HYDRIDES -- 2.1. Ionic Hydrides -- 2.2. Covalent Hydrides -- 2.3. Metallic Hydrides -- 3. CHARACTERIZATION OF BONDING IN HYDRIDES EXPLORED BY THEORETICAL TOOLS -- 3.1. Charge Density -- 3.2. Charge Transfer -- 3.3. Electron Localization Function (ELF) -- 3.3.1. Prediction of Site Preference of Hydrogen in Metal Matrix by ELF -- 3.4. Density of States (DOS) -- 3.5. Crystal Orbital Hamiltonian Population (COHP) -- 4. QUANTIFICATION OF CHARGES -- 4.1. Mulliken Population and Bader Charge Analyzes -- 4.2. Born-Effective-Charge Analysis -- 5. CHARACTERIZING CHEMICAL BONDING IN MULTICOMPONENT HYDRIDES: A CHALLENGING TASK -- REFERENCES -- SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATION OF DEUTERIUM-LABELED CONTROLLED-DRUGS AS INTERNAL STANDARDS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- 1. OPIATES -- 2. TROPANE ALKALOIDS -- 3. PHENETHYLAMINE -- 4. OTHERS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- THE EFFECT OF DEUTERIUM ON PASSIVATED SILICON SURFACE AND POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS IN MICROTECHNOLOGY -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- EXPERIMENTAL METHODS, STUDY AND RESULTS -- Samples Preparations -- First IR Analysis of Liquid Phase D2O Passivated Samples -- Study on Vapor Phase D2O Passivated Samples -- RTP Process Applied on Liquid and Vapor Phase Passivated Si Surfaces -- Computational Details -- Geometry Relaxation -- Phonon Modes -- Stretching Modes -- Bending Modes -- Bulk Modes -- Surface Voltage and Surface Photovoltage Measurements -- The Theoretical Background.
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Measurements and Results -- CONCLUSIONS AND SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- HIDDEN SIDE OF CHEMICAL BOND: THE BOSONIC CONDENSATE -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THE BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE -- 2.1. N-Body Field Quantization -- 2.2. The Bosonic Order Parameter -- 2.3. The Pseudo-Potential Picture for the Imperfect Bosonic Gas -- 3. GROSS-PITAEVSKY EQUATION: THE WAVE-EQUATION FOR BOSONIC CONDENSATE -- 3.1. Landau Energy Functional Origin -- 3.2. Mean Field Picture of the Mixed Fermionic-Bosonic Condensate -- 3.3. First BEC Connections with Density Functional Theory -- 4. HOMOPOLAR CHEMICAL BONDING REVISITED -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- SOME FEATURES OF ISOTOPIC CONTENT IN RAINFALL IN SUBTROPICAL ARGENTINA -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. DATA AND METHODOLOGY -- 2.1. Isotopes and Meteorological Data -- 2.2. Methodology -- 3. RESULTS -- 3.1. Relation between Isotopes, Temperature and Rainfall -- 3.2. Relation Between Isotopic Content and Continentality -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- THE INFLUENCE OF THE VIBRATION DIMENSIONLESS NUMBER ON VIBROFLUIDIZATION -- NOMENCLATURE -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. FLUID DYNAMICS -- 2.1. Background -- 2.1.1. Vibrofluidized Bed -- 2.1.2. Energy of Vibration -- 2.1.3. Operating Modes -- 2.1.4. Fluid Dynamic Properties of Vibrofluidized Beds -- 2.2. Typical Laboratory Setup -- 2.3. Characteristic Curves ( P versus U) of Fluidized and Vibrofluidized Beds -- 2.4. Particle Size Distribution and Size Segregation -- 2.5. Fluid Dynamic Behavior during the Transient Period of Drying of Liquid Suspensions -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- COMPARISON BETWEEN ZIRCONIA AND ALUMINA SUPPORTS FOR NICKEL-BASED CATALYSTS FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- EXPERIMENTAL -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES.
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RECOVERY OF NIOBIUM AS A BY-PRODUCT FROM EFFLUENT SOLUTIONS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- Extraction of Niobium by Tri-N-Octyl Amine (TOA) from Fluoride Medium -- EXPERIMENTAL -- Niobium Recovery Experiments -- INSTRUMENTS -- Initial Experiments for Niobium Extraction -- Experiments of Niobium Recovery from Hydrofluoric Acid Medium by Tri-N-Octyl Amine -- Niobium Extraction Experiments -- Mod.": Modifier: 2-Ethyl -1-Hexanol Diluent: Kerosene O/A Ratio 1.0 -- Niobium Stripping Experiments -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- Results of Initial Niobium Extraction from Different Acid Mediums Using Different Commercial Organic Solvents -- Niobium Extraction Efficiency from Hydrofluoric Acid Medium by Tri-N-Octyl Amine (TOA) -- Effect of the Added Concentration of Free Hydrofluoric Acid (HF) -- Effect of Contact Time -- Effect of Initial Niobium Concentration -- Effect of Solvent Concentration -- Effect of the Modifier Amount Addition -- Equilibrium Isotherm for Niobium Extraction from HF Aqueous Phase by TOA -- Saturation Capacity of Tri-N-Octyl Amine for Niobium Extraction from Fluoride Aqueous Phase -- Results of Niobium Stripping from the Loaded Tri-N-Octyl Amine (TOA) -- Concentration of Hydrochloric Acid Effect on Niobium Stripping Efficiency -- Contact Time Effect on Niobium Stripping Efficiency -- Equilibrium Isotherm for Niobium Stripping from the Loaded TOA Solvent -- Number of Contacts Effect on Niobium Stripping Efficiency -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- TRANSPORT PROPERTIES AND THEIR IMPACT ON BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1. Biological Systems of Interest -- 1.2. Phenomenology of Diffusion: Binary Systems, Pseudo-Binary and Ternary Systems -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES -- 2.1. Transport Properties -- 2.1.1. Diffusion: Conductimetric and Taylor Dispersion Techniques -- 2.1.2. Conductance Measurements.
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2.1.3. Density Measurements.
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