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  • English  (10)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    QSAR in Environmental Toxicology : Proceedings of the Workshop on Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSAR) in Environmental Toxicology Held at Mcmaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, August 16-18 1983. (1984)
    Dordrecht :Springer Netherlands,
    Details
    Keywords: Pollutants-Structure-activity relationships-Congresses. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: Proceedings of the Workshop on Quantitative Structure - Activity Relationships (QSAR) in Environmental Toxicology held at McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, August 16--18, 1983.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (407 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9789400964150
    URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=6561375
    DDC: 574.24
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Dissolved and colloidal phosphorus fluxes in forest ecosystems - an almost blind spot in ecosystem research (2016)
    In:  Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Understanding and quantification of phosphorus (P) fluxes are key requirements for predictions of future forest ecosystems changes as well as for transferring lessons learned from natural ecosystems to croplands and plantations. This review summarizes and evaluates the recent knowledge on mechanisms, magnitude, and relevance by which dissolved and colloidal inorganic and organic P forms can be translocated within or exported from forest ecosystems. Attention is paid to hydrological pathways of P losses at the soil profile and landscape scales, and the subsequent influence of P on aquatic ecosystems. New (unpublished) data from the German Priority Program 1685 “Ecosystem Nutrition: Forest Strategies for limited Phosphorus Resources” were added to provide up-to-date flux-based information. Nitrogen (N) additions increase the release of water-transportable P forms. Most P found in percolates and pore waters belongs to the so-called dissolved organic P (DOP) fractions, rich in orthophosphate-monoesters and also containing some orthophosphate-diesters. Total solution P concentrations range from ca. 1 to 400 µg P L−1, with large variations among forest stands. Recent sophisticated analyses revealed that large portions of the DOP in forest stream water can comprise natural nanoparticles and fine colloids which under extreme conditions may account for 40–100% of the P losses. Their translocation within preferential flow passes may be rapid, mediated by storm events. The potential total P loss through leaching into subsoils and with streams was found to be less than 50 mg P m−2 a−1, suggesting effects on ecosystems at centennial to millennium scale. All current data are based on selected snapshots only. Quantitative measurements of P fluxes in temperate forest systems are nearly absent in the literature, probably due to main research focus on the C and N cycles. Therefore, we lack complete ecosystem-based assessments of dissolved and colloidal P fluxes within and from temperate forest Systems.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    Die standörtliche Variabilität von Böden und Wasserhaushalt in historischen Gärten und Kulturlandschaften und ihre Bedeutung für die Anpassung an den Klimawandel. (2019)
    In:  Historische Gärten und Klimawandel – Eine Aufgabe für Gartendenkmalpflege, Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: As a general rule numerous historical and recent documents are available on the structure, diversity and development of woody plant flora in historic gardens and cultural landscapes. In contrast, no such information is available on the spatial and temporal variability of soils and their soil water regime. A comparison of the current mapping results for the Schlosspark Branitz and the Dessau-Wörlitzer Gartenreich provides important information on the major heterogeneity of the substrate properties and the soil hydrology conditions. They reveal that the soils produced by natural processes of landscape and soil genesis are, in some cases, very much shaped by prior use on the one hand and design intervention on the other. In-depth information of this kind is not available for the Schlosspark Babelsberg. These results illustrate that targeted and resource-efficient management and vegetation planning is only possible if heterogeneity and other aspects are recorded in an in-depth manner and are depicted and analysed in a next step using modern geodata processing methods (GIS). With a view to preventive climate change adaptation measures and the warding off of damage in acute climate extreme situations, the comprehensive recording of pedological and hydrological site conditions is an essential precondition for future-oriented garden care planning.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 4
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    TERENO-SOILCan: a lysimeter-network in Germany observing soil processes and plant diversity influenced by climate change (2016)
    In:  Environmental Earth Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The aim of TERENO (TERrestrial ENvironmental Observatories) is to collect long-term observation data on the hydrosphere, biosphere, pedosphere, lower atmosphere and anthroposphere along multiple spatial and temporal gradients in climate sensitive regions across Germany. The lysimeter-network SOILCan was installed as a part of TERENO between March and December 2010 within the four observatories. It represents a long-term large-scale experiment to study the effects of climate and management changes in terrestrial ecosystems, with particular focus on the impact of these changes on water, energy and matter fluxes into groundwater and atmosphere. SOILCan primarily focuses on soil hydrology, the carbon and nutrient cycle and plant species diversity. Time series measurements of states and fluxes at high spatial and temporal resolution in the soil and biosphere are combined with remote sensing information for the development and calibration of process-based models simulating impacts of climate change in soil processes at field to regional scale. Within the framework of SOILCan, 132 fully automated lysimeter systems were installed at 14 highly equipped experimental field sites across the four TERENO observatories. Relevant state variables of grassland and arable ecosystems are monitored characterizing climate, hydrology and matter fluxes into the atmosphere and within the hydrosphere as well as plant species diversity. Lysimeters are either being operated at or near their original sampling location or were transferred within or between the four TERENO observatories thereby using temperature and rainfall gradients to mimic future climatic conditions (space for time), which allow measuring impacts of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems. The lysimeters are cultivated as grassland (intensive, extensive and non-used) or arable land, the latter with a standardized crop rotation of winter wheat—winter barley—winter rye—oat. This publication describes the general design of the SOILCan experiment including a comprehensive description of the pedological characteristics of the different sites and presents a few exemplary results from the first years of operation.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 5
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    The lower Havel River region (Brandenburg, Germany): A 230-Year-Long Historical Map Record Indicates a Decrease in Surface Water Areas and Groundwater Levels (2022)
    In:  Water
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-08
    Description: Instrumental data show that the groundwater and lake levels in Northeast Germany have decreased over the past decades, and this process has accelerated over the past few years. In addition to global warming, the direct influence of humans on the local water balance is suspected to be the cause. Since the instrumental data usually go back only a few decades, little is known about the multidecadal to centennial-scale trend, which also takes long-term climate variation and the long-term influence by humans on the water balance into account. This study aims to quantitatively reconstruct the surface water areas in the Lower Havel Inner Delta and of adjacent Lake Gülpe in Brandenburg. The analysis includes the calculation of surface water areas from historical and modern maps from 1797 to 2020. The major finding is that surface water areas have decreased by approximately 30% since the pre-industrial period, with the decline being continuous. Our data show that the comprehensive measures in Lower Havel hydro-engineering correspond with groundwater lowering that started before recent global warming. Further, large-scale melioration measures with increasing water demands in the upstream wetlands beginning from the 1960s to the 1980s may have amplified the decline in downstream surface water areas.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 6
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    Evidence for Bronze Age and Medieval tin placer mining in the Erzgebirge mountains, Saxony (Germany) (2020)
    In:  Geoarchaeology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-14
    Description: Tin is an essential raw material both for the copper–tin alloys developed during the Early Bronze Age and for the casting of tableware in the Medieval period. Secondary geological deposits in the form of placers (cassiterite) provide easily accessible sources but have often been reworked several times during land‐use history. In fact, evidence for the earliest phase of tin mining during the Bronze Age has not yet been confirmed for any area in Europe, stimulating an ongoing debate on this issue. For this study, a broad range of methods (sedimentology, pedology, palynology, anthracology, OSL/14C‐dating, and micromorphology) was applied both within the extraction zone of placer mining and the downstream alluvial sediments at Schellerhau site in the upper eastern Erzgebirge (Germany). The results indicate that the earliest local removal of topsoil and processing of cassiterite‐bearing weathered granite occurred already in the early second millennium BC, thus coinciding with the early and middle Bronze Age period. Placer mining resumed in this area during the Medieval period, probably as early as the 13th century AD. A peak of alluvial sedimentation during the mid‐15th century AD is probably related to the acquisition of this region by the Elector of Saxony and the subsequent promotion of mining.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 7
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    Past human impact in a mountain forest: geoarchaeology of a medieval glass production and charcoal hearth site in the Erzgebirge, Germany (2020)
    In:  Regional Environmental Change
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-11
    Description: Since the twelfth century, forest areas in the upper reaches of the low mountain ranges of central Europe provided an important source of wood and charcoal especially for mining and smelting as well as glass production. In this case study from a site in the upper Erzgebirge region (Ore Mountains), results from archeological, geophysical, pedo-sedimentological, geochemical, anthracological, and palynological analyses have been closely linked to allow for a diachronic reconstruction of changing land use and varying intensities of human impact with a special focus on the fourteenth to the twentieth century. While human presence during the thirteenth century can only be assumed from archeological material, the establishment of glass kilns together with quartz mining shafts during the fourteenth century has left behind more prominent traces in the landscape. However, although glass production is generally assumed to have caused intensive deforestation, the impact on this site appears rather weak compared to the sixteenth century onwards,when charcoal production, probably associated with emerging mining activities in the region, became important. Local deforestation and soil erosion has been associated mainly with this later phase of charcoal production and may indicate that the human impact of glass production is sometimes overestimated.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 8
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    Interdisciplinary Geo-ecological Research across Time Scales in the Northeast German Lowland Observatory (TERENO-NE) (2018)
    In:  Vadose Zone Journal
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The Northeast German Lowland Observatory (TERENO‐NE) was established to investigate the regional impact of climate and land use change. TERENO‐NE focuses on the Northeast German lowlands, for which a high vulnerability has been determined due to increasing temperatures and decreasing amounts of precipitation projected for the coming decades. To facilitate in‐depth evaluations of the effects of climate and land use changes and to separate the effects of natural and anthropogenic drivers in the region, six sites were chosen for comprehensive monitoring. In addition, at selected sites, geoarchives were used to substantially extend the instrumental records back in time. It is this combination of diverse disciplines working across different time scales that makes the observatory TERENO‐NE a unique observation platform. We provide information about the general characteristics of the observatory and its six monitoring sites and present examples of interdisciplinary research activities at some of these sites. We also illustrate how monitoring improves process understanding, how remote sensing techniques are fine‐tuned by the most comprehensive ground‐truthing site DEMMIN, how soil erosion dynamics have evolved, how greenhouse gas monitoring of rewetted peatlands can reveal unexpected mechanisms, and how proxy data provides a long‐term perspective of current ongoing changes.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 9
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    Climate change, local artefacts, or random patterns? Hydro(geo)logical trends revisited (2019)
    In:  Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 21, EGU2019-5858, 2019
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Trend analysis is widely used to check for effects of climate or direct anthropogenic change on hydrologicalsystems. Often inconsistent patterns are found. These are often either ascribed to local, usually anthropogeniceffects or are regarded to result from natural spatial heterogeneities of meteorological drivers, evapotranspiration,or of subsurface structures. In this study a set of 40 time series of lake water level and groundwater headobservations in North Germany was studied that exhibited contradictory trends during a 28 year period. Jointanalysis of these data was justified by close hydraulic contact between groundwater and surface water bodies.Principal component analysis was used for factoring out local effects from the time series. But that did hardlyaffect the results of the trend analysis. In contrast, spatial heterogeneity of long-term dynamics at different sitesin the first place could be ascribed to different degrees of damping of the hydrological input signal. Positivelong-term linear trends were found exclusively for time series exhibiting a minor degree of damping, whereasnegative trends were restricted to time series with pronounced damping.It has been postulated that inconsistent trends could result from low-pass filtering of meteorological inputvariables. In fact power spectrum analysis confirmed the pivotal role of low-pass filtering of the groundwaterrecharge signal. Low-pass filtering of a 107 year time series of the climatic water balance as a proxy forgroundwater recharge in that region in fact reproduced the observed negative trends of groundwater head data aspart of a low-frequency oscillation. The more high-frequency oscillations were attenuated during seepage flux inthe vadose zone, the more minor long-term oscillations in the input signal became visible, resulting in apparentmonotonic trends. These results are in line with theoretical considerations and numerical experiments. Conse-quently, outermost caution is advised when trend analysis is applied to hydro(geo)logical time series in a naïve way.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 10
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    A multisource approach helps to detect a forest as a reference site in an intensively used rural landscape (Uckermark, NE Germany) (2021)
    In:  IForest-Biogeosciences and Forestry
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-18
    Description: Background The sharp decline in near-natural areas worldwide is undisputed, but the consequences of this decline, apart from the loss of biodiversity, cannot be fully assessed. Biotic components of a landscape are usually more easily assessed than the abiotic components, since biotic components are often more easily detectable. A forest of (semi)natural stocking was selected in the northeastern part of Brandenburg (northeast Germany) to check whether it can serve as reference site for near-natural conditions or not. Analyses of archival sources and historic maps as well as field investigations were combined to reconstruct the dynamics of vegetation and soil as far back in time as possible. Results Palynological data from nearby sites provide evidence that the investigated area has been forested for several thousands of years and has hardly been structurally influenced by humans in the last 450 years. This evidence together with historical maps of tree species composition allows us to infer that the specific forest has been very close to a natural state for at least 250 years. Soil investigations support this conclusion, since a soil inventory, field studies on two catenas and corings at selected depressions rarely show signs of anthropogenic erosion and related colluviation. Parts of the area were cleared in prehistory, but near-natural soils have been preserved in other parts. Conclusions The area with these undisturbed parts is regarded as an ideal reference site. With this study, we show that using a multi-source approach it is possible to find potential reference sites and that such an approach is applicable in other regions. KEYWORDS ancient forest, geo-bioarchives, historic maps, land use legacy, pollen analysis, refer
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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