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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin, Heidelberg :Springer Berlin / Heidelberg,
    Keywords: Organic compounds-Synthesis. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (321 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783642731969
    DDC: 547.050459
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin, Heidelberg :Springer Berlin / Heidelberg,
    Keywords: Chemical bonds-Handbooks, manuals, etc. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (206 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783540697077
    Series Statement: Topics in Organometallic Chemistry Series ; v.4
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Organometallic Bonding and Reactivity -- Volume Editors -- Editorial Board -- Preface -- Contents -- Gas-Phase Organometallic Chemistry -- Introduction -- Experimental Methods -- Atomic Metal and Metal Complex Ion Sources -- Electron Ionization -- Laser Vaporization and Glow Discharge -- Surface Ionization -- Multiphoton Ionization -- High-Pressure Sources -- Mass Spectrometric Methods -- ICR Mass Spectrometry -- Ion Beam Mass Spectrometry -- Thermochemistry of Metal-Carbon Bonds -- Methods of Analysis -- Reactions -- Data Analysis -- Covalent Metal-Carbon Bonds -- Cations -- Bis-Ligated Cations -- Neutrals -- Dative Metal-Carbon Bonds -- Ethene -- Benzene -- Alkanes -- Mechanisms for Alkane Activation -- Methane -- Early First Row Transition Metal Ions -- Late First Row Transition Metal Ions -- Second and Third Row Transition Metal Ions -- Ethane -- Propane -- Late First Row Transition Metal Ions -- Early First and Second Row Transition Metal Ions -- Effect of Ancillary Ligands -- Effect of an Oxo Ligand -- Reaction of CoO+ with Methane -- Reaction of FeO+ with Methane -- Reaction of Other Transition Metal Oxide Cations with Methane -- Conclusions -- References -- Static and Dynamic Structures of Organometallic Molecules and Crystals -- Introduction -- Static and Dynamic Structures of Organometallic Molecules in the Solid State -- Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction: Some Limitations -- Dynamical Processes at Molecular Level -- The Timescale in Diffraction Experiments -- Atomic Displacements -- Empirical Estimate of Reorientational Barriers -- Organometallic Crystal Isomerization, Phase Transitions and Polymorphism -- Crystal Polymorphism -- Crystals Formed by Structural Isomers -- Pseudo-Polymorphism of Electronic Isomers -- Pseudo-Polymorphism Arising from Disorder -- Crystal Transformations and Dynamics. , Perspectives of an Organometallic Solid State and Materials Chemistry -- References -- Theoretical Treatment of Organometallic Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis -- Introduction -- Methods -- Qualitative Molecular Orbital Theory -- Nonempirical Methods -- Standard Ab Initio Methods -- Density Functional Theory Methods -- QM/MM Methods -- QM/MD Methods -- Selected Examples -- Olefin Polymerization Using Metallocene-Based Transition-Metal Catalysts -- Olefin Polymerization Using Late Transition-Metal Complexes as Catalysts -- Olefin Hydroformylation and the Wacker Process: Influence of the Solvent Effects -- Conclusion and Perspectives -- References -- A Critical Assessment of Density Functional Theory with Regard to Applications in Organometallic Chemistry -- Introduction -- Significant Problems and the Historical Role of Density Functional Theory -- Perspectives and Priorities -- Basics of Density Functional Theory - A Descriptive Presentation -- Density Functional Theory of Closed-Shell Systems: Non-Spin-Polarized Theory -- Density Functionals and Model Wave Functions -- The Kohn-Sham Procedure -- Effective Potentials -- Kohn-Sham Eigenvalues -- Extension to Open-Shell Systems -- Spin Density Functional Theory -- Spatial Symmetry Aspects -- Physical Constraints on Functionals from Properties of Electron Holes -- Exchange and Correlation Holes -- Functionals -- Approximate Functionals -- Local and Gradient-Corrected Approximate Functionals -- Hybrid Approximate Functionals -- Selected Applications -- Calibration and Validation -- Organometallics - Broad View -- Organometallics - Case Study of Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Oxygen Transfer Reactions -- Olefin Dihydroxylation with OsO4/H2O2 -- Olefin Epoxidation with CH3ReO3/H2O2 -- Acknowlgements -- References -- Hybrid Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics Methods in Transition Metal Chemistry. , Introduction -- Hybrid QM/MM Methods -- General Overview -- One-Step QM/MM Methods: Combined MO+MM Method -- Multistep QM/MM Methods: The IMOMM Method -- Checklist of Technical Features -- Applications -- Structural Studies -- Olefin Polymerization Via Homogeneous Catalysis -- Asymmetric Dihydroxylation of Olefins -- Agostic Complexes -- Bioinorganic Complexes -- Conclusions and Future Perspectives -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Author index Volumes 1-4.
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  • 3
    In: Earth and planetary science letters, Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 1966, 274(2008), 1/2, Seite 1-13, 1385-013X
    In: volume:274
    In: year:2008
    In: number:1/2
    In: pages:1-13
    Description / Table of Contents: Regional climate modelling for the Late Cretaceous greenhouse and high-resolution marine stratigraphic records from both sides of the low latitude Atlantic show that tropical South American and African hydrology and watersheds had a strong effect on freshwater transfer into the Equatorial Atlantic and subsequently the marine carbon record. This conclusion is derived from new detailed geochemical records from Demerara Rise off Suriname drilled at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1261 combined with frequency analyses and climate simulations providing evidence for mainly eccentricity-driven changes in carbon burial in the western tropical Atlantic. Shorter orbital frequencies, in particular precession, clearly dominating black shale cycles off tropical Africa (ODP Site 959), are far less dominant at Demerara Rise despite comparable time resolution of the geochemical records. We suggest that these different frequency patterns in carbon burial were related to the regional evolution of Cretaceous watersheds and hydrology in tropical South America and Africa. River discharge deduced from simulations indicates higher and less variable discharge from South America compared to western Africa at that time. This runoff pattern would have supported more permanent anoxic conditions off South America compared to Africa, at least indirectly, and caused the lack of strong higher frequency geochemical cycles in the western sector of the Equatorial Atlantic. Furthermore, climate simulations show a general switch of primary runoff from either side of the Cretaceous Equatorial Atlantic every half precession cycle (i.e. every ~ 10 kyr). Similarities between the developments of Cretaceous and Holocene hydrology in the tropical Atlantic area imply that orbital-scale evolution of watersheds is a robust feature through time that is independent from the mean global climate state. Based upon the comparison of Cretaceous and Holocene trends in hydrology we infer that future hydrology in the study region may develop in a comparable direction to the one observed in the Cretaceous. If true, this suggests that the modern Amazon rain forest could shrink over the next millennium due to a ~ 30% loss of moisture while the Congo rain forest in Africa is likely to expand in response to a 14% gain in moisture.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: graph. Darst
    ISSN: 1385-013X
    Language: English
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