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  • Englisch  (32)
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Colloid Chemistry I. (2003)
    Berlin, Heidelberg :Springer Berlin / Heidelberg,
    Details
    Schlagwort(e): Colloids. ; Electronic books.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    Seiten: 1 online resource (262 pages)
    Ausgabe: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783540364085
    Serie: Topics in Current Chemistry Series ; v.226
    URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=3071813
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: 226 Topics in Current Chemistry -- Colloid Chemistry I -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Amphiphilic Block Copolymers for Templating Applications -- Nanocasting of Lyotropic Liquid Crystal Phasesfor Metals and Ceramics -- Nanoparticles Made in Mesoporous Solids -- Nanocasting and Nanocoating -- Mineral Liquid Crystals from Self-Assembly of Anisotropic Nanosystems -- Monodisperse Aligned Emulsions from Demixing in Bulk Liquid Crystals -- Templating Vesicles, Microemulsions, and Lyotropic Mesophases by Organic Polymerization Processes -- Rational Material Design Using Au Core-Shell Nanocrystals -- Author Index Volume 201 -226.
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  • 2
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    Mapping Soil Organic Carbon for Airborne and Simulated EnMAP Imagery Using the LUCAS Soil Database and a Local PLSR (2020)
    In:  Remote Sensing
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-12-10
    Beschreibung: Soil degradation is a major threat for European soils and therefore, the European Commission recommends intensifying research on soil monitoring to capture changes over time and space. Imaging spectroscopy is a promising technique to create spatially accurate topsoil maps based on hyperspectral remote sensing data. We tested the application of a local partial least squares regression (PLSR) to airborne HySpex and simulated satellite EnMAP (Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program) data acquired in north-eastern Germany to quantify the soil organic carbon (SOC) content. The approach consists of two steps: (i) the local PLSR uses the European LUCAS (land use/cover area frame statistical survey) Soil database to quantify the SOC content for soil samples from the study site in order to avoid the need for wet chemistry analyses, and subsequently (ii) a remote sensing model is calibrated based on the local PLSR SOC results and the corresponding image spectra. This two-step approach is compared to a traditional PLSR approach using measured SOC contents from local samples. The prediction accuracy is high for the laboratory model in the first step with R2 = 0.86 and RPD = 2.77. The HySpex airborne prediction accuracy of the traditional approach is high and slightly superior to the two-step approach (traditional: R2 = 0.78, RPD = 2.19; two-step: R2 = 0.67, RPD = 1.79). Applying the two-step approach to simulated EnMAP imagery leads to a lower but still reasonable prediction accuracy (traditional: R2 = 0.77, RPD = 2.15; two-step: R2 = 0.48, RPD = 1.41). The two-step models of both sensors were applied to all bare soils of the respective images to produce SOC maps. This local PLSR approach, based on large scale soil spectral libraries, demonstrates an alternative to SOC measurements from wet chemistry of local soil samples. It could allow for repeated inexpensive SOC mapping based on satellite remote sensing data as long as spectral measurements of a few local samples are available for model calibration.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    EnMAP Science Plan (2016)
    GFZ Data Services
    In:  EnMAP Technical Report
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-12
    Beschreibung: The scope of the Science Plan is to describe the scientific background, applications, and activities related to the Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP) mission. Primarily, the document addresses scientists and funding institutions, but it may also be of interest for environmental stakeholders and governmental bodies. It is conceived to be a living document that will be updated throughout the entire mission. Chapter 1 provides a brief overview of the principles and current state of imaging spectroscopy. This is followed by an introduction to the EnMAP mission, including its objectives and potential impact on international programs as well as major environmental and societal challenges to their understanding and management EnMAP can contribute. Chapter 2 describes the EnMAP system together with data products and access, calibration/validation issues, and synergies with other missions. Chapter 3 gives an overview of the relevance, current lines of research, and potential contributions of EnMAP for major fields of application, such as vegetation, geology and soils, coastal and inland waters, cryosphere, urban areas, atmosphere and hazards to address the environmental and societal challenges presented in Chapter 1. Finally, Chapter 4 outlines the scientific exploitation strategy, which includes the strategy for community building and training, preparatory flight campaigns and software developments. A list of abbreviations is provided in the annex to this document, while an extended glossary of terms and abbreviations is available at the EnMAP website.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Measuring, modelling and managing gully erosion at large scales: A state of the art (2021)
    In:  Earth-Science Reviews
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-04
    Beschreibung: Soil erosion is generally recognized as the dominant process of land degradation. The formation and expansion of gullies is often a highly significant process of soil erosion. However, our ability to assess and simulate gully erosion and its impacts remains very limited. This is especially so at regional to continental scales. As a result, gullying is often overlooked in policies and land and catchment management strategies. Nevertheless, significant progress has been made over the past decades. Based on a review of 〉590 scientific articles and policy documents, we provide a state-of-the-art on our ability to monitor, model and manage gully erosion at regional to continental scales. In this review we discuss the relevance and need of assessing gully erosion at regional to continental scales (Section 1); current methods to monitor gully erosion as well as pitfalls and opportunities to apply them at larger scales (section 2); field-based gully erosion research conducted in Europe and European Russia (section 3); model approaches to simulate gully erosion and its contribution to catchment sediment yields at large scales (section 4); data products that can be used for such simulations (section 5); and currently existing policy tools and needs to address the problem of gully erosion (section 6). Section 7 formulates a series of recommendations for further research and policy development, based on this review. While several of these sections have a strong focus on Europe, most of our findings and recommendations are of global significance.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 5
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    Coloured Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) dynamics in small surface reservoirs in semiarid Brazil (2016)
    In:  Geophysical Research Abstracts, 18, EGU2016-15266, 2016
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-12
    Beschreibung: Coloured Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) is one of the major light absorbing constituents in freshwaters. Supplied from degradation of components of the aquatic environment, it consists mainly of humic substances and its concentration is strongly related to primary production, often associated to macrophytes. It plays a central role in several biological and chemical processes affecting the bioavailability of nutrients in aquatic ecosystems. Therefore CDOM can be regarded as a water quality indicator. We used the spectral absorption and spectral slope for understanding CDOM dynamics in surface reservoirs in the Brazilian semiarid region. The analysis was based on water samples collected in three reservoirs in a total of ten sampling locations in the period June 2014 to November 2015 with monthly to bi-monthly intervals totaling 120 samples. The collected water samples were filtered through cellulose acetate membrane filters. Subsequently, spectral absorbance was measured in a Lambda 950 UV-VIS spectrometer in the spectral range 250 to 800 nm using a quartz cuvette with 5 cm optical path. From the absorbance measurement, we obtained CDOM content using the specific absorption coefficient at 440nm as well as spectral slope. The average slope for the entire period for all reservoirs is 0,018, but we found a considerable increase in spectral slope values after the wet period (between February 2014 and June 2014) for the reservoirs São Nicolau and Paus Branco while Marengo reservoir showed only slight variations during this period, but exhibited an increase only in the dry period. Regarding aCDOM(440), the average was equal to 2,55 for Marengo, 5,70 for São Nicolau, and 3,53 for Paus Branco reservoir indicating different characteristics of these reservoirs.We noticed a decrease in the absorption coefficient for São Nicolau and Paus Branco reservoirs at the end of the wet period whereas for Marengo reservoir this value showed a different behavior. Spectral slope and spectral absorption seem consistent and, among other possible factors, its dynamics were affected by high evaporation and low precipitation, typical conditions for semiarid regions in the tropics. The results show also evidence of the hysteresis phenomenon related to humic substance properties. However, it is important to consider also other water quality parameters in order to assess the whole interaction occurring in the reservoirs under eutrophic conditions. This is a first study of the application of spectral absorption and spectral slope of CDOM for small reservoirs in semiarid Brazil providing additional information to the traditional water quality measurements. In the future, we plan to relate the in-situ measurements to satellite imagery to study spatio-temporal water quality dynamics and relate them to land use changes.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 6
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    Isábena 2011 - an EnMAP Preparatory Flight Campaign (2015)
    GFZ Data Services
    In:  EnMAP Flight Campaigns Technical Report
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-12
    Beschreibung: The dataset is composed of a) hyperspectral imagery acquired with AISA Eagle and Hawk imaging spectrometer data in the range 400 to 2500 nm on April 2 and August 9, 2011, with a ground sampling distance of 4 m in 12 and 15 flight lines, respectively; b) airborne LiDAR data acquired in single-pulse mode in August 2011 concurrent with hyperspectral data acquisition with an avarage point density of 0.7 hits per meter squared; c) spectral reference measurements acquired with a portable ASD field spectroradiometer around the days of image acquisitions d) fractional cover of green vegetation, dry vegetation, bare soil and rock were visually estimated for 60 (April) and 53 (August) transects of 20-m length. The overall goal of the study was to investigate the potential of hyperspectral and LiDAR data for assessing sediment connectivity at the hillslope to subcatchment scale. For that the fractional cover of green vegetation, dry vegetation, bare soil and rock was derived by applying a multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis approach to the hyperspectral image data. The LiDAR point clouds were pre-processed to generate a digital elevation map as well as a vegetation height map, both with 4-m spatial resolution.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Estimation of suspended sediment concentration in an intermittent river using multi-temporal high-resolution satellite imagery (2019)
    In:  International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-12
    Beschreibung: There is a shortage of sediment-routing monitoring worldwide, despite its relevance to environmental processes. In drylands, where water resources are more vulnerable to the sediment dynamics, this flaw is even more harmful. In the semi-arid Caatinga biome in the North-east of Brazil, rivers are almost all intermittent and hydro-sedimentological monitoring is scarce. In the biome, water supply derives from thousands of surface reservoirs, whose water availability is liable to be reduced by siltation and sediment-related pollution. The goal of this research was to evaluate the potential of multi-temporal high-resolution satellite imagery (RapidEye) to assess the suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in the medium-sized intermittent Jaguaribe River, Brazil, during a 5-year period. We validated 15 one-, two- and three-band indices for SSC estimation based on RapidEye spectral bands deduced in the context of the present investigation and nine indices proposed in the literature for other optical sensors, by comparing them with in-situ concentration data. The in-situ SSC data ranged from 67 mg.L-1 to 230 mg.L-1. We concluded that RapidEye images can assess moderate SSC of intermittent rivers, even when their discharge is low. The RapidEye indices performed better than those from literature. The spectral band that best represented SSC was the near infrared, whose performance improved when associated with the green band. This conclusion agrees with literature findings for diverse sedimentological contexts. The three-band spectral indices performed worse than those with only one or two spectral bands, showing that the use of a third band did not enhance the model ability. Besides, we show that the hydrological characteristics of semi-arid intermittent rivers generate difficulties to monitor SSC using optical satellite remote sensing, such as time-concentrated sediment yield; and its association with recent rainfall events and, therefore, with cloudy sky.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Science Plan of the Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP) (2012)
    GFZ Data Services
    In:  EnMAP Technical Report
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-12
    Beschreibung: The scope of this Science Plan is to describe the scientific background, applications, and activities related to the EnMAP mission. Primarily, the Science Plan addresses scientists and funding institutions, but it may also be of interest for environmental stakeholders and governmental bodies. It is conceived to be a living document that will be updated throughout the whole mission. Current global challenges call for interdisciplinary approaches. Hence, the science plan is not structured in the traditional disciplinary way. Instead, it builds on overarching research themes to which EnMAP can contribute. This Science Plan comprises the following five chapters presenting the significance, background, framework, applications, and strategy of the EnMAP mission: Chapter 2 highlights the need for EnMAP data with respect to major environmental issues and various stakeholders. This chapter states the mission’s main objectives and provides a list of research themes addressing global challenges to whose understanding and management EnMAP can contribute. Chapter 3 presents an overview of the EnMAP mission from a scientific point of view including a brief description of the mission parameters, data products and access, and calibration/validation issues. Chapter 4 provides an overview of hyperspectral remote sensing regarding its principles, development, and current state and synergies to other satellite missions. Chapter 5 describes current lines of research and EnMAP applications to address the research themes presented in Chapter 2. Finally, Chapter 6 outlines the scientific exploitation strategy, which includes the strategy for community building, dissemination of knowledge and increasing public awareness.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    EnMAP Campaign Portal – Flight campaigns of the “EnMAP Data Exploitation and Application Development Program” (2017)
    GFZ Data Services
    In:  EnMAP Technical Report
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-12
    Beschreibung: Hyperspectral airborne campaigns have been carried out in the frame of the data exploitation and application development program of the German Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP) to support method and application development in the prelaunch phase of the EnMAP satellite mission. A metadata portal (EnMAP Campaign Portal) has been set up providing general information about the campaigns, recorded airborne hyperspectral data sets, other data associated to the respective campaigns like field and laboratory measurements and a number of field guides for in-situ data acquisition. Furthermore, it informs about the availability of simulated EnMAP and Sentinel-2 data for the respective campaign region. The data listed in the EnMAP Campaign Portal is freely available under a Creative Commons License as DOI-referenced data publications.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Analysing spatio-temporal land degradation dynamics in dry rangelands using landscape metrics and satellite time series data (2017)
    In:  Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 19, EGU2017-10014
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-12
    Beschreibung: Many of the dry rangelands of Southern Europe are threatened by land degradation. This process not only reduces the land’s ecological functioning, but also its capacity to provide ecosystem goods and services for local land users. In rangelands, one important aspect is vegetation degradation, which reduces the land’s capacity to support livestock. Thus, there is an urgent need to understand the complex dynamics and drivers of land degradation. In the past, both have been difficult to study due to the extensive spatial and temporal scales involved. In the last decade, a large number of remotely sensed imageries has become available for free, which enables a new approach to this topic. The aim of this research is to study land degradation as a multidimensional process incorporating its spatial and temporal components. We developed a methodological approach that makes use of long-term satellite Landsat data. Here, we use imagery of a typical degraded Mediterranean rangeland in Southern Cyprus (Randi Forest) for the years 1998-2015. We have chosen the NDVI as a proxy for vegetation greenness and applied different spatial landscape metrics to calculate changes in vegetation patterns over time. Further, we applied a time-series based approach (BFAST) on selected pixels, to look for sudden changes and trends in the vegetation dynamics. The results promoted our knowledge on how land degradation dynamics in Mediterranean rangelands can be captured through spatio-temporal vegetation dynamics and allowed us to select the most suitable metrics for further analysis. In the long-term, we aim at using Landsat satellite data covering 30 years. To gain a functional understanding of land degradation, we want to overlay our results from the remotely sensed data with results of an eco-hydrological model (SWAT).
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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