Note: Intro -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Neural Circuits Underlying Innate Fear -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Animal Studies -- 1.2.1 Retinal Ganglion Cells That Detect Looming Signals -- 1.2.2 Brain Circuits That Mediate Looming-Evoked Fear Responses in Mice -- 1.3 Human Studies -- References -- Chapter 2: Neurobiology and Neural Circuits of Aggression -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Experimental Paradigms to Explore Aggression in Rodents -- 2.3 Neuroendocrinology of Aggression -- 2.4 Neurotransmitter Systems in Aggression -- 2.5 Neurocircuitry of Aggressive Behavior -- 2.5.1 Amygdala -- 2.5.2 Hypothalamus -- 2.5.3 Prefrontal Cortex -- 2.5.4 Lateral Septum -- 2.5.5 Other Brain Areas -- 2.5.6 Synthesis -- 2.6 Translational Implications -- References -- Chapter 3: Neural Regulation of Feeding Behavior -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Homeostatic Feeding -- 3.2.1 Sensing Metabolic State -- 3.2.2 Foraging and Hunting for Food -- 3.2.3 Consuming Food -- 3.2.4 Termination of Feeding -- 3.3 Hedonic Feeding -- 3.4 Conclusion -- References -- 4: Neural Circuits for Reward -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Dopamine and Innate Behavior -- 4.3 Medium Spiny Neurons in Striatum and Innate Behavior -- 4.4 Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) Neurons and Innate Behavior -- 4.5 Prefrontal Cortex and Innate Behavior -- 4.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Neuronal Response and Behavioral Modulation in Social Interactions -- 5.1 Neuronal Response in Social Behavior -- 5.1.1 Neuronal Response in Social Interaction -- 5.1.1.1 Medial Prefrontal Cortex -- 5.1.1.2 Amygdala -- 5.1.1.3 Ventral Tegmental Area -- 5.1.2 Neuronal Response in Aggression -- 5.1.2.1 Hypothalamus -- 5.1.3 Neuronal Response in Dominance -- 5.1.3.1 mPFC -- 5.1.4 Neuronal Response in Social Defeat -- 5.1.5 Neuronal Response in Social Memory -- 5.1.5.1 Hippocampus. , 5.2 Neural Circuit Manipulation and Social Behavior -- 5.2.1 Social Interaction -- 5.2.1.1 mPFC -- 5.2.1.2 VTA -- 5.2.1.3 Amygdala -- 5.2.2 Social Memory -- 5.2.2.1 Hippocampus -- 5.2.3 Dominance Behavior -- 5.2.3.1 mPFC -- 5.2.4 Aggression -- 5.2.4.1 Hypothalamus -- References -- Chapter 6: Neural Circuit Mechanisms That Underlie Parental Care -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Factors That Influence the Display of Parental Behaviors -- 6.2.1 Olfactory and Auditory Cues Emitted by Pups -- 6.2.2 Environmental Stressors -- 6.2.3 Reproductive Status -- 6.3 Brain Areas Involved in Parental Care -- 6.3.1 Main Olfactory Epithelium and Vomeronasal Organ (MOE and VNO) -- 6.3.2 Auditory Cortex -- 6.3.3 Medial Amygdala (MeA) -- 6.3.4 Medial Preoptic Area (mPOA) -- 6.3.4.1 mPOA Galanin+ Neurons -- 6.3.4.2 mPOA Esr1+ Neurons -- 6.3.4.3 mPOA Vgat+ Neurons -- 6.3.5 Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) -- 6.3.6 Periaqueductal Gray (PAG) -- 6.3.7 Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus (PVN) -- 6.3.8 Medial Prefrontal Cortex (mPFC) -- 6.3.9 Ventrolateral Division of the Ventromedial Hypothalamus (VMHvl) -- 6.4 Cross Talk Between Neural Control of Parental Care and Other Innate Behaviors -- 6.4.1 Overlaps Between Neural Control of Paternal Care and Other Social Behaviors -- 6.4.2 Reciprocal Antagonisms Between Neural Control of Maternal Care and Feeding -- 6.5 Toward a Neural Circuit Mechanism for Parental Care -- 6.6 Conclusion and Perspective -- References -- Chapter 7: Spatial Navigation -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Role of the Hippocampus in Three Navigation Strategies -- 7.2.1 Role of the Hippocampus in Path Integration -- 7.2.2 Role of the Hippocampus in the S-R Strategy -- 7.2.3 Role of the Hippocampus in Map-Based Navigation -- 7.3 Spatially Specific Activity in the Hippocampus and the Related Limbic Circuits -- 7.3.1 Place Cells -- 7.3.2 Grid Cells. , 7.3.3 Head Direction Cells -- 7.3.4 The Relationship of Spatial Encoding by Place Cells, Grid Cells, and HD Cells -- 7.3.4.1 Place Cells Versus Grid Cells -- 7.3.4.2 HD Cells Versus Place Cells and Grid Cells -- 7.3.5 Shared Properties of Place Cells, Grid Cells, and HD Cells -- 7.4 Allocentric Space Perception Is Behind All the Spatially Specific Firing Patterns -- 7.4.1 Neural Substrate of the Allocentric Space Perception -- 7.4.2 Path Integration Is the Allocentric Space Perception in Mammals Provided with Idiothetic Inputs -- 7.4.3 Allocentric Space Perception in Place Field Repetition -- 7.4.4 Spatial and Nonspatial Information Processing in the Hippocampal Pathway -- 7.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: Neural Circuits for Sleep-Wake Regulation -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 BF Subregions and Cholinergic Neurons Functions in Wakefulness Regulation -- 8.3 The Local Microcirculation of BF -- 8.4 Afferents to BF Cholinergic Neurons in Mediating Arousal -- 8.4.1 Monoaminergic Effects via BF Cholinergic Neurons on Arousal -- 8.4.2 Lateral Hypothalamus Orexinergic Inputs to the BF Cholinergic Neurons -- 8.4.3 LDT/PPT Afferents to the BF Cholinergic Neurons -- 8.4.4 Glutamatergic Afferents to the BF Cholinergic Neurons in Mediating Arousal -- 8.5 Interlink BF Cholinergic Systems Between Sleep-Wake Cycle and General Anesthesia -- References.