Note: Intro -- Contents -- About the Editors -- 1: Application of Endophyte Microbes for Production of Secondary Metabolites -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Origin and Evolution of Endophytes -- 1.3 Endophyte Diversity -- 1.4 Close Relationship Between Endophytes and Medicinal Herbs -- 1.5 Endophytes and Secondary Metabolites -- 1.6 Terpenoids -- 1.7 Phenolics -- 1.8 Flavonoids -- 1.9 Alkaloids -- 1.10 Glycosides -- 1.11 Saponins -- 1.12 Polyketides -- 1.13 Coumarins -- 1.14 Steroids -- 1.15 Conclusion and Perspectives -- References -- 2: Application of Microbes in Synthesis of Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 Basics of Supercapacitors -- 2.1.2 Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors -- 2.1.3 Why Microbes in Energy Storage Devices? -- 2.2 Different Microbes Commonly Used in EES -- 2.2.1 Bacteria -- What so Special About Bacterial Cellulose? -- 2.2.2 Viruses -- 2.2.3 Fungi -- 2.3 Microbes as Bio-templates for Energy Storage Materials -- 2.3.1 Bacteria as Bio-templates -- 2.3.2 Fungi as Bio-templates -- 2.3.3 Viruses as Bio-templates -- 2.4 Microbe-Based Carbon Materials as Supporting Matrix -- 2.5 Microbe-Derived Carbons for Energy Storage Applications -- 2.5.1 Bacteria-Derived Carbons for Energy storage applications -- 2.5.2 Fungi-Derived Carbons for Energy Storage Applications -- 2.5.3 Microbe-Derived Carbon-Based Nanocomposites as Energy Storage Materials -- 2.6 Conclusion and Future Prospects -- References -- 3: Application of Microbes in Climate-Resilient Crops -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Heat Stress Tolerance -- 3.3 Cold Stress Tolerance -- 3.4 Submergence Stress Tolerance -- 3.5 Salinity and Drought Stress Tolerance -- 3.6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives -- References -- 4: Application of Microbes in Biotechnology, Industry, and Medical Field -- 4.1 Overview of Microorganisms -- 4.1.1 Prokaryotic Microorganisms. , Bacteria -- Archaea -- 4.1.2 Eukaryotic Microorganisms -- Protist -- Fungi -- Virus -- 4.2 Principles -- 4.2.1 Screening for Microbial Products -- Screening Methods -- 4.2.2 Microbial Bioprocess -- Optimization -- Sustainable Technologies -- 4.2.3 Enzymology -- 4.2.4 Gene Manipulation -- Recombinant DNA Technology -- 4.3 Applications -- 4.3.1 Industry -- Food-Fermented Foods -- Improvement of Food Quality -- Improvement Efficiency and Productivity of Process -- Food Additives -- Agroindustry -- Pest in Crops -- Crop Yield and Product Quality -- Construction -- Chemical Industry -- Cleaning -- Bioremediation -- Chemical-Based Cleaning Products -- 4.3.2 Environment -- Wastewater Treatment -- Solid Hazardous Treatment -- Composting -- Anaerobic Digestion -- Metal Recovery -- Microbial Biofuels -- Biomethanol -- Bioethanol -- Butanol -- Biodiesel -- Medical Biotechnology -- 4.4 Conclusions -- References -- 5: Applications of Microbes for Energy -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Microbes for Energy Applications -- 5.2.1 Microbes for Fuel Cells -- 5.2.2 Microbes for Hydrogen Production -- 5.2.3 Microbes for Methane Production -- 5.2.4 Microbes for Ethanol Production -- 5.2.5 Microbes for Biodiesel Production -- 5.2.6 Microbes for Electrosynthesis -- 5.2.7 Microbes for Energy Storage -- 5.3 Conclusion and Future Remarks -- References -- 6: Applications of Microbes in Electric Generation -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Different BFC Types -- 6.2.1 DET-BFC -- 6.2.2 MET-BFC -- 6.2.3 EBFC -- 6.2.4 MFC -- 6.3 Electrocatalytic Nanomaterials for EBFC -- 6.3.1 Carbon Materials -- 6.3.2 Metal Nanoparticles -- 6.3.3 Composite Materials -- 6.4 Electrocatalytic Nanomaterials for MFC -- 6.4.1 Electrocatalytic Nanomaterials for MFC Anode -- Carbon Nanomaterials -- Metal Nanomaterials -- Conductive Polymers -- 6.4.2 Electrocatalytic Nanomaterials for MFC Cathode. , Noble Metal-Based Materials -- Non-noble Metal-Based Materials -- 6.5 Summary and Prospect -- References -- 7: Application of Microbes in Household Products -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Household Products -- 7.2.1 Cleaning Product -- 7.2.2 Cosmeceutical -- 7.2.3 Textiles -- 7.2.4 Others -- 7.3 Benefits and Challenges -- 7.4 Conclusion -- References -- 8: Electricity Generation and Wastewater Treatment with Membrane-Less Microbial Fuel Cell -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Electricity Generation -- 8.2.1 Anode and Cathode Electrodes -- Cathode Electrode -- Anode Electrode -- 8.2.2 Effect of Operating Temperature -- 8.2.3 Effect of pH -- 8.2.4 Effect of Substrate Pretreatment -- 8.2.5 Effect of Reactor Design -- 8.2.6 Effect of Electrode Surface Area and Electrode Spacing -- 8.2.7 Effect of Substrate Conductivity -- 8.3 Water Treatment (Substrate) -- 8.4 Conclusion -- References -- 9: Microbes: Applications for Power Generation -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Reduction of the Environmental and Air Pollution -- 9.2.1 Natural Aerosols from Vegetation -- 9.2.2 Landfill Gas -- 9.2.3 Biogas -- Using Leachate of the Waste -- 9.2.4 Biodiesel -- 9.2.5 Bioethanol -- Using Celluloses -- Using Starch -- Using Sugar -- 9.2.6 Sewer -- 9.3 Energy Efficiency -- 9.3.1 Microorganisms -- 9.3.2 Microbial Fuel Cells -- Using Natural Fermentation -- Using Biomass -- Using Domestic Wastewater -- Using Industrial Wastewater -- Using Sewage -- Using Crop Residue -- Using Mud -- Using Biogas Slurry -- 9.3.3 Newer Microbial Fuel Cells -- Using Electronophore (Traditional) -- Using Biochar (Latest) -- 9.3.4 Biogas -- Using Sewage -- Using Animal Waste -- Using Animal Manure -- 9.3.5 Biohydrogen -- 9.4 Availability -- 9.4.1 Biomass -- 9.5 Clean Energy -- 9.5.1 Algae -- 9.5.2 Microbial Biophotovoltaic Cells -- Using Algae -- Using Cyanobacteria -- Using Plant Rhizodeposition. , 9.6 Sustainability -- 9.6.1 Biomass -- Crop Residue -- 9.6.2 Camphor -- 9.7 Conclusion -- 9.8 Future Approach -- References -- 10: Applications of Microbes in Food Industry -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Applications of Microorganisms in Food Industry -- 10.2.1 Baking Industry Applications -- 10.2.2 Alcohol and Beverage Industry Applications -- 10.2.3 Enzyme Production and Its Applications -- 10.2.4 Production of Amino Acids -- 10.2.5 Microbial Detergents as Food Stain Removers -- 10.2.6 Dairy Industry Applications -- 10.2.7 Pigment Production -- 10.2.8 Organic Acid Production -- 10.2.9 Aroma and Flavouring Agents Production -- 10.2.10 Miscellaneous Applications -- Xanthan Gum Production -- Ripening Process -- Food Grade Paper Production -- Single-Cell Protein -- Applications in Other Foods -- 10.3 Summary -- References -- 11: Applications of Microbes in Human Health -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Human Microbiome -- 11.3 Probiotics -- 11.4 Properties of Probiotics -- 11.5 Probiotics Mechanism of Action -- 11.6 Oral Probiotics -- 11.6.1 Probiotics in Preventing Dental Caries Progression -- 11.6.2 Probiotics in Prevention of Gingival Inflammation -- 11.6.3 Probiotics in Prevention of Periodontal Diseases -- 11.7 Probiotics in Halitosis -- 11.7.1 Probiotics in Oral Mucositis -- 11.7.2 Benefits of Probiotics in General Health -- 11.7.3 Anti-Inflammatory Property -- 11.8 Antimicrobial Properties -- 11.9 Antioxidant Properties -- 11.10 Anticancer Properties -- 11.10.1 Probiotics in Treatment of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections -- 11.10.2 Probiotics in Treatment of Urogenital Infections -- 11.10.3 Probiotics in Improvement of Intestinal Health -- 11.10.4 Probiotics in Treatment of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy Induced Diarrhea -- 11.10.5 Probiotics in Treatment of Anemia -- 11.11 Treatment and Prevention of Obesity -- 11.12 Probiotics as Immunomodulator. , 11.13 Conclusion -- References -- 12: Applications of Microbes in Soil Health Maintenance for Agricultural Applications -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Microbial Sources -- 12.2.1 Microalgae and Cyanobacteria -- 12.2.2 Fungi -- 12.2.3 Bacteria -- 12.3 Applications of Microbes -- 12.3.1 Plant Growth Regulators -- 12.3.2 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) -- 12.3.3 Biotic Elicitors -- 12.3.4 Bioremediation -- 12.3.5 Biocontrol -- 12.3.6 Different Types of Microbes -- 12.4 Healthy Soil and Eco-Friendly Environment -- 12.4.1 Biofertilizers -- 12.4.2 Biopesticides -- 12.4.3 Bioherbicides -- 12.4.4 Bioinsecticides -- 12.5 Microbiome and Sustainable Agriculture -- 12.5.1 Benefits of Mycorrhizal Fungi -- 12.5.2 Soil and Environmental Health -- 12.6 Conclusion -- References -- 13: Co-functional Activity of Microalgae: Biological Wastewater Treatment and Bio-fuel Production -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Wastewater Treatment Using Microalgae -- 13.2.1 Wastewater Composition -- 13.2.2 Nutrient Removal -- Influence of Additives in Wastewater on Nutrient Removal by Microalgae -- 13.2.3 Heavy Metal Removal -- 13.3 Microalgae Cultivation and Harvesting -- 13.3.1 Open Ponds -- 13.3.2 Closed System (Photobioreactor PBRs) -- 13.3.3 Hybrid System -- 13.3.4 Harvesting Techniques -- 13.4 Bio-refinery -- 13.5 Bio-fuel Production Using Microalgae -- 13.5.1 Thermochemical Conversion -- 13.5.2 Biochemical Conversion/Fermentation -- 13.5.3 Chemical Reaction/Transesterification -- 13.5.4 Direct Combustion -- 13.6 Sustainability of Energy from Microalgae -- 13.7 Conclusions -- References -- 14: Microalgae Application in Chemicals, Enzymes, and Bioactive Molecules -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Microalgae-Based Products -- 14.2.1 Chemical Products -- 14.2.2 Bioactive Molecules -- 14.3 Microalgae Enzymes -- 14.4 Industrial Applications of Microalgae. , 14.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives.