Description: The scope of the Science Plan is to describe the scientific background, applications, and activities related to the Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP) mission. Primarily, the document addresses scientists and funding institutions, but it may also be of interest for environmental stakeholders and governmental bodies. It is conceived to be a living document that will be updated throughout the entire mission. Chapter 1 provides a brief overview of the principles and current state of imaging spectroscopy. This is followed by an introduction to the EnMAP mission, including its objectives and potential impact on international programs as well as major environmental and societal challenges to their understanding and management EnMAP can contribute. Chapter 2 describes the EnMAP system together with data products and access, calibration/validation issues, and synergies with other missions. Chapter 3 gives an overview of the relevance, current lines of research, and potential contributions of EnMAP for major fields of application, such as vegetation, geology and soils, coastal and inland waters, cryosphere, urban areas, atmosphere and hazards to address the environmental and societal challenges presented in Chapter 1. Finally, Chapter 4 outlines the scientific exploitation strategy, which includes the strategy for community building and training, preparatory flight campaigns and software developments. A list of abbreviations is provided in the annex to this document, while an extended glossary of terms and abbreviations is available at the EnMAP website.

Description: Climate change manifests in terms of changing frequency and magnitude of extreme hydro-meteorological events and thus drives changes in urban flood hazard. Flood risk oriented urban planning is key to derive smart adaptation strategies, strengthen resilience and achieve sustainable development. 3D city models offer detailed spatial information which is useful to describe the exposure and to characterize the susceptibility of buildings at risk.This web-based application presents the 3d-city flood damage module (3DCFD) prototype which has been developed and implemented within a pathfinder projected funded by Climate-KIC during 2015-2016. The presentation illustrates the results of the 3DCFD-module exemplarily for the demonstration case in the City of Dresden. Relative damage to residential buildings which results from various flooding scenarios is shown for the focus area Pieschen in Dresden.The application allows the user to browse through the virtual city model and to colour the residential buildings regarding their relative damage values caused by different flooding scenarios. To do so click on 'Content', then on the brush-icon next to 'Buildings' and select a certain style from the drop-down menu. A style represents a specific combination of loss model and flooding scenario. Flooding scenarios provide spatially detailed inundation depth information according to different water stages at the gauge Dresden. Currently two flood loss models are implemented: a simple stage-damage-function (sdf) which related inundation depth to relative loss and the 3DCFD-module which uses additional information about building characteristics available from the virtual city model. A click on a coloured building will display additional information. The loss estimation module has been developed by the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), Section Hydrology. The web-application has been developed by virtualcitySYSTEMS GmbH. The data consisting of flood scenarios, a virtual 3D city model, and a terrain model were provided by the City of Dresden.

Description: Plastics have become an indispensable part of our daily life. It is a group of materials with outstanding properties for various products in a wide range of applications. They are durable, lightweight and cost-effective to manufacture. However, these advantages can develop to disadvantages if plastics are released into the environment uncontrolled and in large quantities. Here, both seas and soils form a final sink. Remote sensing has been used for many decades to observe the earth's surface and the processes that take place on it. The detection and identification of plastic litter is one of the latest applications of remote sensing. In recent publications, the potential of imaging spectroscopy has been highlighted, since it allows material identification and quantification based on material-specific absorption bands. In this study we investigate the influence of the object transparency and background surface reflectance on the detection and identification using hyperspectral remote sensing.

Description: Plastic pollution in inland waters and the open ocean is a long recognized problem for marine wildlife, coral reefs,the fishing industry and shipping transport safety. Microplastics, defined as particles 〈 5 mm, form a considerableportion of this pollution and have increasingly received public attention following recent discoveries that not onlycan these particles be ingested by planktonic animals, but also outnumber natural food items in some ocean ar-eas. Microplastic research has mainly concentrated on open seas, while riverine plumes and coastal areas remainlargely unexplored despite their hypothesized importance as microplastic sources. This work models coastal accu-mulation along the Adriatic coastline of microplastic particles (1-5 mm) emitted by the Po River, northern Italy,over 1.5 years. We hypothesize that river-induced microplastic accumulation on adjacent coasts can be predictedusing (1) hydrodynamic-based and (2) remote sensing-based modelling. Model accumulation maps were validatedagainst sampling at nine beaches (analyzed particle size range: 1-5 mm), with sediment microplastic concentra-tions up to 78 particles/kg (dry weight). Hydrodynamic modelling revealed that discharged particle amount is onlysemi-coupled to beaching rates, which are strongly river mouth dependent and occur primarily within the first tendays after discharge. Particles which did not beach within this period, representing more than 80% of all modelledparticles, were transported offshore and remained offshore. Remote sensing modelling was found to better captureriver mouth relative strength, and accumulation patterns were found largely consistent with hydrodynamic mod-elling. Comparison with remote sensing based accumulation maps and validation against in situ beach samplingare discussed. Suggestions are presented for future development of an operational monitoring system to assessmicroplastic pollution being emitted by a major river and its distribution along adjacent coastlines as well as intothe open ocean.

Description: Plastic pollution in inland waters and the open ocean is a long recognized problem for marine wildlife, coral reefs,the fishing industry and shipping transport safety. Microplastics, defined as particles 〈 5 mm, form a considerableportion of this pollution and have increasingly received public attention following recent discoveries that not onlycan these particles be ingested by planktonic animals, but also outnumber natural food items in some ocean ar-eas. Microplastic research has mainly concentrated on open seas, while riverine plumes and coastal areas remainlargely unexplored despite their hypothesized importance as microplastic sources. This work models coastal accu-mulation along the Adriatic coastline of microplastic particles (1-5 mm) emitted by the Po River, northern Italy,over 1.5 years. We hypothesize that river-induced microplastic accumulation on adjacent coasts can be predictedusing (1) hydrodynamic-based and (2) remote sensing-based modelling. Model accumulation maps were validatedagainst sampling at nine beaches (analyzed particle size range: 1-5 mm), with sediment microplastic concentra-tions up to 78 particles/kg (dry weight). Hydrodynamic modelling revealed that discharged particle amount is onlysemi-coupled to beaching rates, which are strongly river mouth dependent and occur primarily within the first tendays after discharge. Particles which did not beach within this period, representing more than 80% of all modelledparticles, were transported offshore and remained offshore. Remote sensing modelling was found to better captureriver mouth relative strength, and accumulation patterns were found largely consistent with hydrodynamic mod-elling. Comparison with remote sensing based accumulation maps and validation against in situ beach samplingare discussed. Suggestions are presented for future development of an operational monitoring system to assessmicroplastic pollution being emitted by a major river and its distribution along adjacent coastlines as well as intothe open ocean.