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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Influence of Thermomechanical Treatments on Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Synthetic Geopolymer Fly Ash Pore Solution
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2021-04-29), p. 4054-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2021-04-29), p. 4054-
    Abstract: In this study the effect of thermomechanical treatments in chloride induced pitting corrosion is presented for carbon steel rebars exposed to synthetic fly ash (FA) pore solution. Due to the likely phase transformations that steel reinforcements in concrete experience during the event of a fire, the understanding of the corrosion behavior of such phases is key in predicting the stability of the structure. The motivation for this study arrives from the scarce literature regarding the corrosion behavior of thermomechanically treated steel reinforcements in FA environments and the need for further investigation to understand its mechanism. In order to better understand the effects on the corrosion behavior electrochemical measurements including cyclic potentiodynamic polarization curves (CPP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used. It was found that quenched specimens showed enhanced corrosion kinetics as their icorr values were higher, being of 3.18 × 10−5 and 2.20 × 10−5 A/cm2 for water and oil quenched compared to 2.13 × 10−6 A/cm2 for the as-received. Furthermore, the effective capacitance of the double layer (Ceff,dl) showed the lower stability of the passive film for the quenched specimens, with values of 1.11 × 10−3 µF/cm2 for the as-receive sample that decreased to 8.12 × 10−4 µF/cm2 for the water quenched sample. The anodic charge transfer coefficient in the synthetic FA alkaline pore solution changes from 0.282 to 0.088, for the as-received and water quenched rebars specimens, respectively. These results indicate a lower energy barrier for the anodic dissolution reaction of quenched specimens, indicating that martensite and bainite microstructures promote corrosion process. Enhanced corrosion was found on quenched samples presenting martensite and bainite microstructure as showed by the increased pith depth, with values of 5 μm compared to 1 μm observed in the as-received samples.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app11094054
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Corrosion Behavior of High-Mn Austenitic Fe–Mn–Al–Cr–C Steels in NaCl and NaOH Solutions
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Materials Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2021-01-16), p. 425-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2021-01-16), p. 425-
    Abstract: The corrosion behavior of austenitic Fe–Mn–Al–Cr–C twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) and microband-induced plasticity (MBIP) steels with different alloying elements ranging from 22.6–30 wt.% Mn, 5.2–8.5 wt.% Al, 3.1–5.1 wt.% Cr, to 0.68–1.0 wt.% C was studied in 3.5 wt.% NaCl (pH 7) and 10 wt.% NaOH (pH 14) solutions. The results obtained using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques, alongside optical microscopy analysis, revealed pitting as the dominant corrosion mechanism in high-Mn TWIP steels. An X-ray diffraction analysis of the surface revealed that the main corrosion products were hematite (Fe2O3), braunite (Mn2O3), and hausmannite (Mn3O4), and binary oxide spinels were also identified, such as galaxite (MnAl2O4) and jacobsite (MnFe2O4). This is due to the higher dissolution rate of Fe and Mn, which present a more active redox potential. In addition, a protective Al2O3 passive film was also revealed, showing enhanced corrosion protection. The highest corrosion susceptibility in both electrolytes was exhibited by the MBIP steel (30 wt.% Mn). Pitting corrosion was observed in both chloride and alkaline solutions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma14020425
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Polyionic Complexed Antibacterial Heparin–Chitosan Particles for Antibiotic Delivery
    American Chemical Society (ACS) ; 2019
    In:  ACS Applied Bio Materials Vol. 2, No. 12 ( 2019-12-16), p. 5848-5858
    Details
    In: ACS Applied Bio Materials, American Chemical Society (ACS), Vol. 2, No. 12 ( 2019-12-16), p. 5848-5858
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2576-6422 , 2576-6422
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00833
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2936886-8
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Intergranular to Intragranular Pitting Corrosion Transition Mechanism of Sensitized AA5083 at 150 °C
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Metals Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2020-08-11), p. 1082-
    Details
    In: Metals, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2020-08-11), p. 1082-
    Abstract: Intergranular corrosion (IGC) and pitting transition caused by grain boundary β-phase saturation of aluminum alloy AA5083 sensitized at 150 °C was investigated in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The change in the localized corrosion mechanism from IGC to pitting was studied by microstructural and electrochemical analysis, where IGC was found to be the primary mechanism at low degrees of sensitization (DoS) and pitting corrosion was observed to develop after grain boundary β-phase saturation. Evaluation of the double layer capacitance by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and charge passed through the specimens by potentiostatic current monitoring demonstrated a well differentiated three-stage dissolution mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4701
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/met10081082
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Corrosion Mechanisms of High-Mn Twinning-Induced Plasticity (TWIP) Steels: A Critical Review
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Metals Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2021-02-07), p. 287-
    Details
    In: Metals, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2021-02-07), p. 287-
    Abstract: Twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steels have higher strength and ductility than conventional steels. Deformation mechanisms producing twins that prevent gliding and stacking of dislocations cause a higher ductility than that of steel grades with the same strength. TWIP steels are considered to be within the new generation of advanced high-strength steels (AHSS). However, some aspects, such as the corrosion resistance and performance in service of TWIP steel materials, need more research. Application of TWIP steels in the automotive industry requires a proper investigation of corrosion behavior and corrosion mechanisms, which would indicate the optimum degree of protection and the possible decrease in costs. In general, Fe−Mn-based TWIP steel alloys can passivate in oxidizing acid, neutral, and basic solutions, however they cannot passivate in reducing acid or active chloride solutions. TWIP steels have become as a potential material of interest for automotive applications due to their effectiveness, impact resistance, and negligible harm to the environment. The mechanical and corrosion performance of TWIP steels is subjected to the manufacturing and processing steps, like forging and casting, elemental composition, and thermo-mechanical treatment. Corrosion of TWIP steels caused by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors has posed a serious problem for their use. Passivity breakdown caused by pitting, and galvanic corrosion due to phase segregation are widely described and their critical mechanisms examined. Numerous studies have been performed to study corrosion behavior and passivation of TWIP steel. Despite the large number of articles on corrosion, few comprehensive reports have been published on this topic. The current trend for development of corrosion resistance TWIP steel is thoroughly studied and represented, showing the key mechanisms and factors influencing corrosion processes, and its consequences on TWIP steel. In addition, suggestions for future works and gaps in the literature are considered.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4701
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/met11020287
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Corrosion Behavior of Al10Cr30Fe25Mn30Ti5 High-Entropy Alloy: Microstructural, Electrochemical, and Surface Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Metals Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2022-10-16), p. 1736-
    Details
    In: Metals, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2022-10-16), p. 1736-
    Abstract: In this work, the corrosion performance of a new developed high-entropy alloy (HEA) of the composition Al10Cr30Fe25Mn30Ti5 (at. %) was studied. The corrosion testing of the Al10Cr30Fe25Mn30Ti5 HEA was carried out in 2.5 M NaOH, 0.6 M NaCl, and in 0.5 M H2SO4. The correlation between the microstructure, elemental composition, density, hardness, and corrosion resistance of the new developed Al10Cr30Fe25Mn30Ti5 HEA was investigated. The impedance response showed protective corrosion behavior for the neutral and acidic pH, while the alkaline environment led to a passivity breakdown due to dissolution of Al forming Al(OH)3. The outcome of the presented study suggests that new developed HEA is suitable to be used in industrial environments with a neutral and acidic pH.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4701
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/met12101736
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Protection of Carbon Steel Rebars by Epoxy Coating with Smart Environmentally Friendly Microcapsules
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Coatings Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2021-01-20), p. 113-
    Details
    In: Coatings, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2021-01-20), p. 113-
    Abstract: The protection of mild steel by modified epoxy coating containing colophony microencapsulated corrosion inhibitors was investigated in this study. The corrosion behavior of these epoxy coatings containing colophony microcapsules was studied by electrochemical analysis using cyclic potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The microcapsule coating showed decreased corrosion current densities of 2.75 × 10−8 and 3.21 × 10−8 A/cm2 along with corrosion potential values of 0.349 and 0.392 VSCE for simulated concrete pore solution and deionized water with 3.5 wt.% NaCl, respectively, indicating improved corrosion protection in both alkaline and neutral pH. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis also showed charge transfer resistance values over one order of magnitude higher than the control sample, corroborating the electrochemical corrosion potential and current density testing results. Overall, the use of colophony microcapsules showed improved corrosion protection in simulated concrete pore solution and DI water solutions containing chloride ions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6412
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/coatings11020113
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662314-6
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Marine Lipid Fraction PCSO-524™ Attenuates Muscles Damage and DOMS Following Eccentric Exercise in Untrained Males : 1784 Board #70 May 29, 2
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2014
    In:  Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise Vol. 46 ( 2014-05), p. 477-478
    Details
    In: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 46 ( 2014-05), p. 477-478
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0195-9131
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000494896.66338.6c
    RVK:
    ZX 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2031167-9
    SSG: 31
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of the DOS by DL−EPR of UNSM Processed Inconel 718
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Metals Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2020-02-01), p. 204-
    Details
    In: Metals, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2020-02-01), p. 204-
    Abstract: In this work, influence of ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) on the degree of sensitization (DOS) in Inconel 718 has been studied and correlated with the resulting microstructure. The UNSM processed samples decreased their grain size from 11.9 µm to 7.75 µm, increasing the surface of grain boundaries, and thus enhancing the area where δ phase and niobium carbides precipitate. The effect of the UNSM process on the DOS of Inconel 718 was studied by the double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (DL−EPR) test. The DL−EPR showed that for UNSM processed samples with no thermal treatment, the DOS increased up to 59.6%, while for UNSM treated samples that were post-annealed at 1000 °C for 10 min and water quenched the DOS decreased down to 40.9%. The increase of grain boundaries surface area and triple junctions after the UNSM process enables the formation of twice the amount of δ phase compared to the as-received Inconel 718 bulk sample. The area fraction of the grain boundary covered by δ phase was of 9.87% in the UNSM region while in the bulk the area fraction was 4.09%. In summary, it was found that after UNSM process, the annealing at 1000 °C for 10 min and water quenching promoted the transformation of γ″ to form δ phase on the grain boundaries, which reduces the intergranular corrosion susceptibility.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4701
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/met10020204
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Electrochemical and DFT Study of NaNO2/NaNO3 Corrosion Inhibitor Blends for Rebar in Simulated Concrete Pore Solution
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Coatings Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2022-06-18), p. 861-
    Details
    In: Coatings, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2022-06-18), p. 861-
    Abstract: The use of nitrite- and nitrate-based inhibitors provides corrosion protection by the development of passive oxide film on the metal surface in reinforced concrete applications. However, the impact of the nitrite and nitrate ratio in the mixture has not been widely studied. In this study, the corrosion protection provided by NaNO2:NaNO3 inhibitor blends with ratios of 0.5:1, 1:1, and 1:0.5 were studied to maximize corrosion inhibition efficiency. The nitrite species imparted higher corrosion protection, as shown by cyclic potentiodynamic polarization, with an icorr of 1.16 × 10–7 A/cm2 for the 1:0.5 mixture, lower than for both the 1:1 and 0.5:1 mixtures. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was also performed, with the 1:0.5 mixture consistently displaying high resistance values, showing an Rct of 1.31 × 105 Ω cm2. The effect of temperature was also assessed; the Ea’s of the corrosion reaction were calculated to be 12.1, 9.2, and 4.9 kJ/mol for the 0.5:1, 1:1, and 1:0.5 (NO2−:NO3−) mixtures, respectively. Density functional theory was applied to analyze the molecular properties and to determine the relationship between the quantum properties and corrosion inhibition. The ΔE of NO2− was found to be −5.74 eV, lower than that of NO3− (−5.45 eV), corroborating the experimental results. Lastly, commercially available inhibitor mixtures were investigated and nitrite/nitrate concentrations determined to evaluate their corrosion protection performance; amongst the two inhibitor blends tested, Sika was found to outperform Yara due to its greater NO2− concentration.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6412
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/coatings12060861
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662314-6
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