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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Whole-Genome Resequencing of Worldwide Wild and Domestic Sheep Elucidates Genetic Diversity, Introgression, and Agronomically Important Loci
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  Molecular Biology and Evolution Vol. 39, No. 2 ( 2022-02-03)
    Details
    In: Molecular Biology and Evolution, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 39, No. 2 ( 2022-02-03)
    Abstract: Domestic sheep and their wild relatives harbor substantial genetic variants that can form the backbone of molecular breeding, but their genome landscapes remain understudied. Here, we present a comprehensive genome resource for wild ovine species, landraces and improved breeds of domestic sheep, comprising high-coverage (∼16.10×) whole genomes of 810 samples from 7 wild species and 158 diverse domestic populations. We detected, in total, ∼121.2 million single nucleotide polymorphisms, ∼61 million of which are novel. Some display significant (P & lt; 0.001) differences in frequency between wild and domestic species, or are private to continent-wide or individual sheep populations. Retained or introgressed wild gene variants in domestic populations have contributed to local adaptation, such as the variation in the HBB associated with plateau adaptation. We identified novel and previously reported targets of selection on morphological and agronomic traits such as stature, horn, tail configuration, and wool fineness. We explored the genetic basis of wool fineness and unveiled a novel mutation (chr25: T7,068,586C) in the 3′-UTR of IRF2BP2 as plausible causal variant for fleece fiber diameter. We reconstructed prehistorical migrations from the Near Eastern domestication center to South-and-Southeast Asia and found two main waves of migrations across the Eurasian Steppe and the Iranian Plateau in the Early and Late Bronze Ages. Our findings refine our understanding of genome variation as shaped by continental migrations, introgression, adaptation, and selection of sheep.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0737-4038 , 1537-1719
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab353
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2024221-9
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  • 2
    Online Resource
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    Supplemental Information 1: Raw data of intracortical inhibitory and excitatory in the primary motor cortex.
    PeerJ ; 2018
    In:  PeerJ Vol. 6 ( 2018-08-28), p. e5588-
    Details
    In: PeerJ, PeerJ, Vol. 6 ( 2018-08-28), p. e5588-
    Abstract: Both motor imagery (MI) and motor execution (ME) can facilitate motor cortical excitability. Although cortical excitability is modulated by intracortical inhibitory and excitatory circuits in the human primary motor cortex, it is not clear which intracortical circuits determine the differences in corticospinal excitability between ME and MI. Methods We recruited 10 young healthy subjects aged 18−28 years (mean age: 22.1 ± 3.14 years; five women and five men) for this study. The experiment consisted of two sets of tasks involving grasp actions of the right hand: imagining and executing them. Corticospinal excitability and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) were measured before the interventional protocol using transcranial magnetic stimulation (baseline), as well as at 0, 20, and 40 min (T0, T20, and T40) thereafter. Results Facilitation of corticospinal excitability was significantly greater after ME than after MI in the right abductor pollicis brevis (APB) at T0 and T20 ( p 〈 0.01 for T0, and p 〈 0.05 for T20), but not in the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle. On the other hand, no significant differences in SICI between ME and MI were found in the APB and FDI muscles. The facilitation of corticospinal excitability at T20 after MI correlated with the Movement Imagery Questionnaire (MIQ) scores for kinesthetic items ( Rho = −0.646, p = 0.044) but did not correlate with the MIQ scores for visual items ( Rho = −0.265, p = 0.458). Discussion The present results revealed significant differences between ME and MI on intracortical excitatory circuits of the human motor cortex, suggesting that cortical excitability differences between ME and MI may be attributed to the activation differences of the excitatory circuits in the primary motor cortex.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2167-8359
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5588
    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5588/fig-1
    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5588/fig-2
    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5588/fig-3
    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5588/table-1
    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5588/supp-1
    Language: English
    Publisher: PeerJ
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2703241-3
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  • 3
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    The Feasibility and Positive Effects of Wuqinxi Exercise on the Cognitive and Motor Functions of Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: A Pilot Study
    Hindawi Limited ; 2021
    In:  Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Vol. 2021 ( 2021-3-29), p. 1-7
    Details
    In: Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2021 ( 2021-3-29), p. 1-7
    Abstract: Introduction. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic degenerative disease of the central nervous system common in middle-aged and elderly people, which has a serious impact on patients’ cognitive and motor functions. Exercise can improve the nonmotor symptoms of PD patients, but the optimal type of exercise for the cognitive function of patients is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study is the impact of 12 weeks of Wuqinxi exercise on the cognitive and motor function in PD patients. Methods. Thirty PD patients participated in the study and were randomly assigned to two groups: Wuqinxi group (n = 15) or stretching group (n = 15). All the participants performed a 12-week exercise program twice a week, 90 min/session. The assessments were conducted before and after exercise intervention, included cognitive function (frontal assessment battery (FAB); Stroop test I and II), motor functions (Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part III (UPDRS-III); timed up and go (TUG)). Results. We found the FAB and Stroop I scores were significantly higher in the Wuqinxi group than in the stretching group. Participants in the Wuqinxi group significantly improved their UPDRS-III (17.73 ± 9.88) and TUG (10.50 ± 1.79) score after 12 weeks of training intervention. Conclusion. The results show that the use of Wuqinxi for rehabilitation therapy for cognition is feasible, widely accepted, and effective in patients with Parkinson’s disease. This study provides preliminary evidence for further large-scale and controlled studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1741-4288 , 1741-427X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2021/8833736
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2148302-4
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  • 4
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    Supplemental Information 1: Raw data
    PeerJ ; 2022
    In:  PeerJ Vol. 10 ( 2022-06-23), p. e13628-
    Details
    In: PeerJ, PeerJ, Vol. 10 ( 2022-06-23), p. e13628-
    Abstract: Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have an obvious motor inhibition disorder, which is closely related to their motor symptoms. Although previous studies have shown that exercise can improve their inhibition deficits, the effect of exercise on different types of inhibition (proactive and reactive inhibition) has not been addressed. Methods We used a behavioral paradigm combined with a series of questionnaires to explore the effect of long-term exercise on different types of motor inhibition in 59 patients with PD aged 55–75 years. According to the intensity and frequency of exercise, the participants were divided into regular-exercise and no-exercise groups. To obtain the average reference value for inhibition ability at the same age, we also recruited 30 healthy elderly people as controls. Results The main defect in the motor inhibition of PD is reactive inhibition, while proactive inhibition has no obvious differences compared with healthy controls. Additionally, compared with the non-exercise group, PD in the exercise group showed significantly better reaction speeds and reactive control ability, fewer motor symptoms and negative emotions. Conclusions Taken together, the motor inhibition defects of patients with PD affect only reactive inhibition. In addition, PD with exercise reported fewer negative emotions than that of the non-exercise group, indicating that exercise can relieve negative emotions and improve behavioral symptoms and quality of life in PD to a certain extent. We demonstrate for the first time that exercise has and can improve reactive inhibition in PD patients and has no effect on proactive inhibition.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2167-8359
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13628
    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13628/fig-1
    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13628/fig-2
    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13628/fig-3
    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13628/table-1
    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13628/table-2
    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13628/table-3
    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13628/supp-1
    Language: English
    Publisher: PeerJ
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2703241-3
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  • 5
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    Whole-genome resequencing of wild and domestic sheep identifies genes associated with morphological and agronomic traits
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2020
    In:  Nature Communications Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2020-06-04)
    Details
    In: Nature Communications, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2020-06-04)
    Abstract: Understanding the genetic changes underlying phenotypic variation in sheep ( Ovis aries ) may facilitate our efforts towards further improvement. Here, we report the deep resequencing of 248 sheep including the wild ancestor ( O. orientalis ), landraces, and improved breeds. We explored the sheep variome and selection signatures. We detected genomic regions harboring genes associated with distinct morphological and agronomic traits, which may be past and potential future targets of domestication, breeding, and selection. Furthermore, we found non-synonymous mutations in a set of plausible candidate genes and significant differences in their allele frequency distributions across breeds. We identified PDGFD as a likely causal gene for fat deposition in the tails of sheep through transcriptome, RT-PCR, qPCR, and Western blot analyses. Our results provide insights into the demographic history of sheep and a valuable genomic resource for future genetic studies and improved genome-assisted breeding of sheep and other domestic animals.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2041-1723
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16485-1
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2553671-0
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  • 6
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    Effect of acupuncture at ST36 on motor cortical excitation and inhibition
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Brain and Behavior Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2019-09)
    Details
    In: Brain and Behavior, Wiley, Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2019-09)
    Abstract: Acupuncture at Zusanli (ST36) is often used to facilitate motor recovery after stroke. However, the effect of acupuncture at ST36 on motor cortical excitation and inhibition remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the effect of acupuncture at ST36 on motor cortical excitation and inhibition. Methods Twenty healthy volunteers were recruited to receive acupuncture treatment. We selected the acupoint ST36 and its respective sham point as the experimental acupoint. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to measure motor‐evoked potentials (MEP) at 7 time points—before acupuncture (Pre), acupuncture (T0), 4 and 8 min after acupuncture (T4; T8), needle removal (T12), 4 and 8 min after needle removal (T16; T20). Simultaneously, paired TMS (pTMS) was employed to measure short‐ and long‐interval intracortical inhibition (SICI [short latency intracortical inhibition]; LICI [long latency intracortical inhibition] ), respectively, at three time points—before acupuncture (Pre), acupuncture (T0), needle removal (T12). After removing the acupuncture needle, all subjects were asked to quantify their Deqi sensation using a Gas table. Results The average Deqi sensation score of all subjects during acupuncture at ST36 was higher than that observed at the sham point. With acupuncture at ST36, the MEP amplitude was higher at three time points (T0, T4, T8) than at Pre, although the MEP amplitude tended toward Pre after needle removal. The MEP amplitude was also higher at the same time points (T0, T4, T8) than at the sham point. Furthermore, the Deqi sensation score was correlated with MEP amplitude. With acupuncture at ST36, SICI and LICI at T0 were higher than those at Pre, and SICI and LICI at T0 were higher than those at the sham point. Conclusion Acupuncture at ST36 increased motor cortical excitation and had an effect on the remaining needle phase. Deqi sensation was correlated with MEP amplitude. Acupuncture at ST36 also decreased motor cortical inhibition.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2162-3279 , 2162-3279
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/brb3.v9.9
    DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1370
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2623587-0
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  • 7
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    Motor learning enhanced by combined motor imagery and noninvasive brain stimulation is associated with reduced short‐interval intracortical inhibition
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Brain and Behavior Vol. 9, No. 4 ( 2019-04)
    Details
    In: Brain and Behavior, Wiley, Vol. 9, No. 4 ( 2019-04)
    Abstract: Motor imagery (MI) improves motor skill learning, which is further enhanced when MI is paired with primary motor cortex transcranial brain stimulation or with electrical stimulation of the peripheral median nerve. Applying both stimulation types (here with 25 ms intervals) is called paired associative stimulation (PAS25). The final primary motor cortex output is determined by combined excitatory and intracortical inhibitory circuits, and reducing the latter is associated with enhanced synaptic transmission and efficacy. Indeed, short‐interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) inhibits motor evoked potentials (MEPs), and motor learning has been associated with decreased SICI and increased cortical excitability. Here, we investigated whether cortical excitability and SICI are altered by PAS25 applied after MI‐induced modulation of motor learning. Methods Peak acceleration of a hand‐grasping movement and MEPs and SICI were measured before and after MI alone, PAS25 alone, and MI followed by PAS25 in 16 healthy participants to evaluate changes in motor learning, corticospinal excitability, and intracortical inhibition. Results After PAS25 alone, MEP amplitude increased while peak acceleration was unchanged. However, PAS25 applied following MI not only significantly enhanced both peak acceleration ( p  = 0.011) and MEP amplitude ( p  = 0.004) but also decreased SICI ( p  = 0.011). Moreover, we found that this decrease in SICI was significantly correlated with both the peak acceleration ( r  = 0.49, p  = 0.029) and the MEP amplitude ( r  = 0.56, p  = 0.013). Conclusions These results indicate that brain function altered by PAS25 of the motor cortex enhances MI‐induced motor learning and corticospinal excitability and decreases SICI, suggesting that SICI underlies, at least in part, PAS25 modulation of motor learning.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2162-3279 , 2162-3279
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2019.9.issue-4
    DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1252
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2623587-0
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  • 8
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    Modulation of hand motor skill performance induced by motor practice combined with matched or mismatched hand posture motor imagery
    Elsevier BV ; 2020
    In:  Physiology & Behavior Vol. 225 ( 2020-10), p. 113084-
    Details
    In: Physiology & Behavior, Elsevier BV, Vol. 225 ( 2020-10), p. 113084-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0031-9384
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113084
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008755-X
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    Motor skill learning induces brain network plasticity: A diffusion-tensor imaging study
    Public Library of Science (PLoS) ; 2019
    In:  PLOS ONE Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2019-2-6), p. e0210015-
    Details
    In: PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2019-2-6), p. e0210015-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1932-6203
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210015
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210015.g001
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210015.g002
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210015.g003
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210015.g004
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210015.t001
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210015.t002
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210015.s001
    Language: English
    Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2267670-3
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  • 10
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    Cognitive motor intervention for gait and balance in Parkinson’s disease: systematic review and meta-analysis
    SAGE Publications ; 2016
    In:  Clinical Rehabilitation Vol. 30, No. 2 ( 2016-02), p. 134-144
    Details
    In: Clinical Rehabilitation, SAGE Publications, Vol. 30, No. 2 ( 2016-02), p. 134-144
    Abstract: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of cognitive motor intervention (CMI) on gait and balance in Parkinson’s disease. Data sources: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science, PEDro, and China Biology Medicine disc. Methods: We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non RCTs. Two reviewers independently evaluated articles for eligibility and quality and serially abstracted data. A standardized mean difference ± standard error and 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated for each study using Hedge’s g to quantify the treatment effect. Results: Nine trials with 181 subjects, four randomized controlled trials, and five single group intervention studies were included. The pooling revealed that cognitive motor intervention can improve gait speed (Hedge’s g = 0.643 ± 0.191; 95% CI: 0.269 to 1.017, P = 0.001), stride time (Hedge’s g = -0.536 ± 0.167; 95% CI: -0.862 to -0.209, P = 0.001), Berg Balance Scale (Hedge’s g = 0.783 ± 0.289; 95% CI: 0.218 to 1.349, P = 0.007), Unipedal Stance Test (Hedge’s g = 0.440 ± 0.189; 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.81, P =0.02). Conclusions: The systematic review demonstrates that cognitive motor intervention is effective for gait and balance in Parkinson’s disease. However, the paper is limited by the quality of the included trials.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0269-2155 , 1477-0873
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0269215515578295
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028323-4
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