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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Late-twentieth-century emergence of the El Niño propagation asymmetry and future projections
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2013
    In:  Nature Vol. 504, No. 7478 ( 2013-12-05), p. 126-130
    Details
    In: Nature, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 504, No. 7478 ( 2013-12-05), p. 126-130
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-0836 , 1476-4687
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/nature12683
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 120714-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1413423-8
    SSG: 11
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Author Correction: El Niño–Southern Oscillation complexity
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2019
    In:  Nature Vol. 567, No. 7746 ( 2019-3), p. E3-E3
    Details
    In: Nature, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 567, No. 7746 ( 2019-3), p. E3-E3
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-0836 , 1476-4687
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-0994-9
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 120714-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1413423-8
    SSG: 11
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Atmospheric Responses of Gill-Type and Lindzen–Nigam Models to Global Warming
    American Meteorological Society ; 2011
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 24, No. 23 ( 2011-12-01), p. 6165-6173
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 24, No. 23 ( 2011-12-01), p. 6165-6173
    Abstract: The equatorial Pacific atmosphere responds differently to global warming in the Gill-type and Lindzen–Nigam models. Under an assumption of no change in the zonal sea surface temperature (SST) gradient in the Gill-type model, the Walker circulation is intensified in a warmer climate relative to current climatic conditions, while slightly weakened in the Lindzen–Nigam model. Furthermore, for more accurate derivation of the surface wind, the free atmosphere in the Gill-type model is combined with the atmospheric boundary layer. This modified Gill-type model actually produces weaker surface wind than the Gill-type model would, but the sensitivity of the Walker circulation to the warmer climate is similar to that obtained from the Gill-type model. These results may explain why the zonal gradient of equatorial Pacific SST during the twentieth century is observed to strengthen while the Walker circulation is not, even though they are dynamically linked.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/2011JCLI3971.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Linking Emergence of the Central Pacific El Niño to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation
    American Meteorological Society ; 2015
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 28, No. 2 ( 2015-01-15), p. 651-662
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 28, No. 2 ( 2015-01-15), p. 651-662
    Abstract: The ocean–atmosphere coupling in the northeastern subtropical Pacific is dominated by a Pacific meridional mode (PMM), which spans between the extratropical and tropical Pacific and plays an important role in connecting extratropical climate variability to the occurrence of El Niño. Analyses of observational data and numerical model experiments were conducted to demonstrate that the PMM (and the subtropical Pacific coupling) experienced a rapid strengthening in the early 1990s and that this strengthening is related to an intensification of the subtropical Pacific high caused by a phase change of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO). This PMM strengthening favored the development of more central Pacific (CP)-type El Niño events. The recent shift from more conventional eastern Pacific (EP) to more CP-type El Niño events can thus be at least partly understood as a Pacific Ocean response to a phase change in the AMO.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00347.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Interdecadal Change of the Structure of the ENSO Mode and Its Impact on the ENSO Frequency*
    American Meteorological Society ; 2000
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 13, No. 12 ( 2000-06), p. 2044-2055
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 13, No. 12 ( 2000-06), p. 2044-2055
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013〈2044:ICOTSO〉2.0.CO;2
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2000
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Warm Pool and Cold Tongue El Niño Events as Simulated by the GFDL 2.1 Coupled GCM
    American Meteorological Society ; 2010
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 23, No. 5 ( 2010-03-01), p. 1226-1239
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 23, No. 5 ( 2010-03-01), p. 1226-1239
    Abstract: Recent studies report that two types of El Niño events have been observed. One is the cold tongue (CT) El Niño, which is characterized by relatively large sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the eastern Pacific, and the other is the warm pool (WP) El Niño, in which SST anomalies are confined to the central Pacific. Here, both types of El Niño events are analyzed in a long-term coupled GCM simulation. The present model simulates the major observed features of both types of El Niño, incorporating the distinctive patterns of each oceanic and atmospheric variable. It is also demonstrated that each type of El Niño has quite distinct dynamic processes, which control their evolutions. The CT El Niño exhibits strong equatorial heat discharge poleward and thus the dynamical feedbacks control the phase transition from a warm event to a cold event. On the other hand, the discharge process in the WP El Niño is weak because of its spatial distribution of ocean dynamic field. The positive SST anomaly of WP El Niño is thermally damped through the intensified evaporative cooling.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-0442 , 0894-8755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/2009JCLI3293.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    ENSO-Like and ENSO-Induced Tropical Pacific Decadal Variability in CGCMs
    American Meteorological Society ; 2013
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 26, No. 5 ( 2013-03-01), p. 1485-1501
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 26, No. 5 ( 2013-03-01), p. 1485-1501
    Abstract: Outputs from coupled general circulation models (CGCMs) are used in examining tropical Pacific decadal variability (TPDV) and their relationships with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Herein TPDV is classified as either ENSO-induced TPDV (EIT) or ENSO-like TPDV (ELT), based on their correlations with a decadal modulation index of ENSO amplitude and spatial pattern. EIT is identified by the leading EOF mode of the low-pass filtered equatorial subsurface temperature anomalies and is highly correlated with the decadal ENSO modulation index. This mode is characterized by an east–west dipole structure along the equator. ELT is usually defined by the first EOF mode of subsurface temperature, of which the spatial structure is similar to ENSO. Generally, this mode is insignificantly correlated with the decadal modulation of ENSO. EIT closely interacts with the residuals induced by ENSO asymmetries, both of which show similar spatial structures. On the other hand, ELT is controlled by slowly varying ocean adjustments analogous to a recharge oscillator of ENSO. Both types of TPDV have similar spectral peaks on a decadal-to-interdecadal time scale. Interestingly, the variances of both types of TPDV depend on the strength of connection between El Niño–La Niña residuals and EIT, such that the strong two-way feedback between them enhances EIT and reduces ELT. The strength of the two-way feedback is also related to ENSO variability. The flavors of El Niño–La Niña with respect to changes in the tropical Pacific mean state tend to be well simulated when ENSO variability is larger in CGCMs. As a result, stronger ENSO variability leads to intensified interactive feedback between ENSO residuals and enhanced EIT in CGCMs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00118.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Nonlinearity and Asymmetry of ENSO*
    American Meteorological Society ; 2004
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 17, No. 12 ( 2004-06), p. 2399-2412
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 17, No. 12 ( 2004-06), p. 2399-2412
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017〈2399:NAAOE〉2.0.CO;2
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Near-Annual Pacific Ocean Basin Mode
    American Meteorological Society ; 2004
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 17, No. 12 ( 2004-06), p. 2478-2488
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 17, No. 12 ( 2004-06), p. 2478-2488
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017〈2478:ANPOBM〉2.0.CO;2
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    ENSO Feedbacks and Associated Time Scales of Variability in a Multimodel Ensemble
    American Meteorological Society ; 2010
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 23, No. 12 ( 2010-06-15), p. 3181-3204
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 23, No. 12 ( 2010-06-15), p. 3181-3204
    Abstract: The background state of the equatorial Pacific determines the prevalence of a “slow” recharge oscillator-type ENSO over a “fast” quasi-biennial surface-driven ENSO. The first is controlled to a large extent by the thermocline feedback, whereas the latter is related to enhanced zonal advective feedback. In this study, dynamical diagnostics are used to investigate the relative importance of these two feedbacks in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project and its relation with the differences in ENSO-like variability among the models. The focus is on the role of the mean oceanic surface circulation in controlling the relative weight of the two feedbacks. By the means of an intermediate-type ocean model of the tropical Pacific “tuned” from the coupled general circulation model (CGCM) outputs, the contribution of the advection terms (vertical versus zonal) to the rate of SST change is estimated. A new finding is that biases in the advection terms are to a large extent related to the biases in the mean surface circulation. The latter are used to infer the dominant ENSO feedback for each CGCM. This allows for the classification of the CGCMs into three groups that account for the dominant feedback process of the ENSO cycle: horizontal advection (mainly in the western Pacific), vertical advection (mainly in the eastern Pacific), and the combination of both mechanisms. Based on such classification, the analysis also reveals that the models exhibit distinctive behavior with respect to the characteristics of ENSO: for most models, an enhanced (diminished) contribution of the zonal advective feedback is associated with faster (slower) ENSO and a tendency toward a cooler (warmer) mean state in the western-to-central Pacific Ocean. The results support the interpretation that biases in the mean state are sustained/maintained by the privileged mode of variability associated with the dominant feedback mechanism in the models. In particular, the models having a dominant zonal advective feedback exhibit significant cold SST asymmetry (or negative skewness) in the western equatorial Pacific.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-0442 , 0894-8755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/2010JCLI2830.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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