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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Profiling of cardio‐metabolic risk factors and medication utilisation among Type II diabetes patients in Ghana: a prospective cohort study
    Wiley ; 2017
    In:  Clinical and Translational Medicine Vol. 6, No. 1 ( 2017-12)
    Details
    In: Clinical and Translational Medicine, Wiley, Vol. 6, No. 1 ( 2017-12)
    Abstract: Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is complicated by multiple cardio‐metabolic risk factors. Controlling these factors requires lifestyle modifications alongside utilisation of anti‐diabetic medications. Different glucose lowering [(biguanides (BIGs), sulfonylureas (SUAs), thiazolidinediones (TNZ)], lipid lowering (statins), and anti‐hypertensive medicines [angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), calcium channel blockers (CCBs), angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and central acting drugs (CADs)] have been approved for controlling hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and hypertension respectively. Here, we examined factors that characterise T2DM and explored the response to medication therapy among T2DM patients. Methods This prospective cohort study recruited 241 T2DM patients reporting at a clinic in Ghana, from January through to August, 2016. Each patient's demographic, medications and anthropometric data was obtained while information on medication adherence was captured using Morisky adherence scale‐8 (MMAS‐8). Fasting blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Results The mean age of participants was 57.82 years for baseline and six‐month follow‐up. Physical activity differed at baseline and follow up (p 〈 0.05) but not body mass index (BMI). BIG alone, or in combination with SUA and TNZ did not improve glycaemic status at follow up (p 〉 0.05). Many participants using either ACEI or ARB were able to control their blood pressures. Among dyslipidaemia patients under statin treatment, there was an improved lipid profile at follow‐up. Conclusions Statin medications are effective for reducing dyslipidaemia in T2DM patients. However, control of modifiable risk factors, particularly blood glucose and to a lesser degree blood pressure is suboptimal. Addressing these will require concomitant interventions including education on medication adherence and correct dietary plans, lifestyle modifications and physical activity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2001-1326 , 2001-1326
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s40169-017-0162-5
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2697013-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Polymorphism of protein tyrosine phosphatase non‐receptor type 22 and protein arginine deiminase 4 gene among Ghanaian rheumatoid arthritis patients: A case–control study
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases Vol. 25, No. 7 ( 2022-07), p. 781-786
    Details
    In: International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases, Wiley, Vol. 25, No. 7 ( 2022-07), p. 781-786
    Abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease which affects millions of lives globally characterized by chronic inflammation in the joints of the body. There is no known cause for RA; however, genetic predisposition has been associated with its occurrence. The association between genetic predisposition and RA has been reported largely among Caucasians and Asians. However, few studies with limited data have reported genome‐wide association studies of RA in Africa, especially in Ghana. In addition, there is genetic heterogeneity that exists geographically among different populations. This study therefore investigated the association of protein arginine deiminase type 4 (PAD4) and protein tyrosine phosphatase non‐receptor type 22 (PTPN22) single nucleotide polymorphisms with susceptibility of RA among Ghanaians. Methods This case–control study included 75 RA patients and 75 healthy controls from the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Ghana. Validated questionnaires were used to obtain demographic data, and blood samples were collected and processed for DNA and polymerase chain reaction analysis. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 25.0. Results PTPN22 demonstrated a 100% minor allele frequency (GG) in both cases and healthy controls; however, an association could not be made for PTPN22 polymorphism with susceptibility of RA when comparing cases to controls. The homozygous minor allele (GG) of PAD4 was absent in the population. Conclusion PAD4 polymorphism was absent, while PTPN22 was present in the Ghanaian population. The association between PTPN22 (rs2476601) and PAD4 (rs2240340) with RA susceptibility could not be established, thus may not contribute as risk factors for RA in the Ghanaian population.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1756-1841 , 1756-185X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/apl.v25.7
    DOI: 10.1111/1756-185X.14348
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2427877-4
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  • 3
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    Thyroid dysfunction and glycaemic control among Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Ghana: A comparative cross‐sectional study
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism
    Details
    In: Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Wiley
    Abstract: Thyroid disorders and diabetes mellitus coexist and are prevalent endocrinopathies among adult population. Thyroid dysfunction contributes to metabolic imbalances, increase beta‐cell apoptosis and glucose intolerance. There is paucity of data and contradicting findings on how thyroid dysfunction influence glycaemic control. Therefore, we evaluated thyroid dysfunction and glycaemic control among Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Ghana. Methods A comparative cross‐sectional study was conducted among 192 T2DM patients from Effia Nkwanta Regional Hospital. Three consecutive monthly fasting plasma glucose (FBG) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) were analysed and the results were classified as, moderate hyperglycaemia (MH) (FBG = 6.1–12.0 mmol/L, HbA1c  〈  7%), severe hyperglycaemia (SH) (FBG ≥ 12.1 mmol/L, HbA1c  〉  7%) and good glycaemic controls (GC) (FBG = 4.1–6.0 mmol/L, HbA1c  〈  7%). Thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4), body mass index (BMI) and other clinical parameters were measured. Data analysis was done using R language version 4.0.2 and p   〈  .05 was considered statistically significant. Results There were no significant differences in age (years) between patients in the various glycaemic groups ( p  = .9053). The overall prevalence of thyroid disorders was 7.8% among T2DM patients. The prevalence of thyroid disorders was higher in patients with SH (11.7%) followed by those with MH (7.5%) and then those with GC (5.4%). Serum levels of TSH and FT3/FT4 ratio were significantly lower in T2DM patients with SH compared to those with MH and the GC ( p  〈  .0001). However, FT4 was significantly higher in SH patients compared to the good glycaemic controls ( p  〈  .01). The first tertiles of TSH [aOR = 10.51, 95% CI (4.04–17.36), p   〈  .0001] and FT3 [aOR = 2.77, 95% CI (1.11– 6.92), p  = .0290] were significantly and independently associated with increased odds of hyperglycaemia. Conclusion The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction is high in T2DM and increases with hyperglycaemia. Reduced TSH and T3 may worsen glycaemic control. Periodic monitoring of thyroid function should be incorporated into management guidelines among T2DM patients in Ghana.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2398-9238 , 2398-9238
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/edm2.447
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2934368-9
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Receptors expressions on peripheral lymphocytes and CD4 + CD183 + as a diagnostics biomarker for rheumatoid arthritis: A case–control study in Ghana
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2023-08)
    Details
    In: Immunity, Inflammation and Disease, Wiley, Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2023-08)
    Abstract: T cell receptors play important roles in the development and progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Their involvement has been reported in inflammatory autoimmune diseases. However, their role in predicting RA is still under exploration. This study evaluated the expression of CD183 (CXCR3) receptors on T‐cells and other relevant biomarkers for detecting RA and determine their relationship with disease activity. Methods This unmatched case–control study included 48 newly diagnosed RA patients and 30 apparent healthy controls from the orthopedic units of Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), Kumasi and Korle‐Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH), Accra, Ghana. Sociodemographic data was obtained, and blood samples were also collected and processed for flow cytometric analysis. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS version 26.0 and R programming language. p   〈  .05 was considered statistically significant. Results This study found a significant difference in age group ( p   〈  .0001), marital status ( p  = .0210), occupation ( p  = .0140), educational level ( p  = .0210) and religion ( p  = .0100) between RA patients and healthy controls. Moreover, hemoglobin level ( p  = .0010), waist circumference ( p   〈  .0001) and hip circumference ( p  = .0040) were significantly different between RA patients and controls. RA patients had significantly lower levels of CD4 + CD183 + compared with the control group ( p   〈  .001), and was positively correlated with DAS score ( r  = .0397, p  = .789). In Receiver Operator Characteristics analysis, CD4 + CD183 + could significantly detect RA with a high area under the curve (AUC = 0.687, p  = .018). At a cut‐off of 0.082, CD4 + CD183 + was the best receptor biomarker for detecting RA with a sensitivity of 90.0%, specificity of 25.9%, a positive predictive value of 69.2%, and a negative predictive value of 58.3%. Conclusion CD4 + CD183 + best predict RA and is positively correlated with disease activity. CD4 + CD183 + could serve as diagnostics and disease‐monitoring biomarker for RA; however, it demonstrates low specificity. Future studies should be directed on CD4 + CD183 + and other biomarkers to augment their diagnostics performances and routine management in RA.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2050-4527 , 2050-4527
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/iid3.v11.8
    DOI: 10.1002/iid3.976
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2740382-8
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Geochemical and Sm–Nd isotopic evidence for the composition of the Palaeoproterozoic crust of the West African Craton in Ghana
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Geological Journal Vol. 54, No. 6 ( 2019-11), p. 3940-3957
    Details
    In: Geological Journal, Wiley, Vol. 54, No. 6 ( 2019-11), p. 3940-3957
    Abstract: The metasedimentary rocks of the Sefwi and Lawra volcanic belts in Ghana respectively were analysed for their major and trace elements and Sr‐Nd isotopic compositions to constrain the provenance, palaeo‐weathering conditions, and tectonic setting of the rocks. Geochemical characteristics of the metasedimentary rocks show low to moderate chemical weathering in their source regions and the rocks are interpreted to have been derived from mixture of mafic and felsic rock components. The LREE show much enrichment in relation to the HREE (La N /Lu N , 4.67‐11.66). The ε Nd (2.1 Ga) values of −0.12 to +3.72 strongly suggest that the source of the sedimentary rocks was derived from a depleted mantle source and that they were most likely produced in an almost entirely oceanic environment with minor influence from the continental crust. The Nd model ages ranging from +2.05 to 2.41 Ga suggest possible contributions of a pre‐Birimian crustal material (or Archaean?) in the source material of the volcanic rocks. The rock types that contributed as detritus to the Birimian metasedimentary rocks were mainly pyroclastics and basalts, and their REE patterns suggest that the contribution to the phyllites can be modelled after 20% basalt, 13% andesite, and 67% dacite. Similarly, the schists can be modelled as a mixture of 16% basalt, 34% andesite, and 50% dacite. The Nd isotopic modeling implies that the bulk of the sedimentary detritus was supplied by the Palaeoproterozoic volcanic arc with contributions of less than 10% from the pre‐Birimian crust (Archaean?).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0072-1050 , 1099-1034
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/gj.v54.6
    DOI: 10.1002/gj.3387
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1479201-1
    SSG: 13
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