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  • 1
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    Mediating Medical Comorbidities in Geriatric Patients Undergoing Surgery for OVCF: From Preoperative Screening to Risk and Outcomes Optimization
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Global Spine Journal Vol. 13, No. 1_suppl ( 2023-04), p. 6S-12S
    Details
    In: Global Spine Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 13, No. 1_suppl ( 2023-04), p. 6S-12S
    Abstract: Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF) are a common increasing entity in elderly patients and represent a tremendous economic burden. Surgical treatment is related to high complication rates and little is known about patient-specific and internal risk factors associated with poor clinical results. Methods We carried out a comprehensive, systematic literature search according to the PRISMA checklist and algorithm. Risk factors for perioperative complications, for early inpatient readmission, for the duration of the hospital stay, the hospital mortality, the total mortality and the clinical result were analyzed. Results A total of 739 potentially usable studies were identified. After considering all inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 studies with 15,515 patients were included. Non-adjustable risk factors were age 〉 90 years (OR 3.27), male gender (OR 1.41), BMI less than 18.5 kg/m 2 (OR 3.97), ASA score 〉 3 (OR 2.7), activity of daily live (ADL) (OR 1.52), dependence (OR 5.68), inpatient admission status (OR 3.22), Parkinson disease (OR 3.63) and disseminated cancer (OR 2.98). Adjustable factors were insufficient kidney function (GFR 〈 60 mL/min, and Creatinine Clearance below 60 mg/dl) (OR 4.4), nutrition status (hypalbuminemia ( 〈 3.5 g/dl)), liver function (OR 8.9) and further cardiac and pulmonary comorbidities. Discussion We identified a couple of non-adjustable risk factors, which should be considered preoperatively in terms of risk assessment. However, even more important were adjustable factors that can be influenced preoperatively. In conclusion, we recommend a perioperative interdisciplinary cooperation, especially with geriatricians, to achieve the best possible clinical results in geriatric patients undergoing surgery for OVCF.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2192-5682 , 2192-5690
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/21925682221130050
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 2
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    Risk Factors for Failure in Conservatively Treated Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures: A Systematic Review
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  Global Spine Journal Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2022-03), p. 289-297
    Details
    In: Global Spine Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2022-03), p. 289-297
    Abstract: Systematic review. Objectives: Osteoporosis is one of the most common diseases of the elderly, whereby vertebral body fractures are in many cases the first manifestation. Even today, the consequences for patients are underestimated. Therefore, early identification of therapy failures is essential. In this context, the aim of the present systematic review was to evaluate the current literature with respect to clinical and radiographic findings that might predict treatment failure. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive, systematic review of the literature according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) checklist and algorithm. Results: After the literature search, 724 potentially eligible investigations were identified. In total, 24 studies with 3044 participants and a mean follow-up of 11 months (range 6-27.5 months) were included. Patient-specific risk factors were age 〉 73 years, bone mineral density with a t-score 〈 −2.95, BMI 〉 23 and a modified frailty index 〉 2.5. The following radiological and fracture-specific risk factors could be identified: involvement of the posterior wall, initial height loss, midportion type fracture, development of an intravertebral cleft, fracture at the thoracolumbar junction, fracture involvement of both endplates, different morphological types of fractures, and specific MRI findings. Further, a correlation between sagittal spinal imbalance and treatment failure could be demonstrated. Conclusion: In conclusion, this systematic review identified various factors that predict treatment failure in conservatively treated osteoporotic fractures. In these cases, additional treatment options and surgical treatment strategies should be considered in addition to follow-up examinations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2192-5682 , 2192-5690
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/2192568220982279
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 3
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    Treatment and Outcome of Osteoporotic Thoracolumbar Vertebral Body Fractures With Deformation of Both Endplates With or Without Posterior Wall Involvement (OF 4): Short-Term Results from the Prospective EOFTT Multicenter Study
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Global Spine Journal Vol. 13, No. 1_suppl ( 2023-04), p. 36S-43S
    Details
    In: Global Spine Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 13, No. 1_suppl ( 2023-04), p. 36S-43S
    Abstract: Multicenter prospective cohort study Objective To analyse therapeutical strategies applied to osteoporotic thoracolumbar OF 4 injuries, to assess related complications and clinical outcome. Methods A multicenter prospective cohort study (EOFTT) including 518 consecutive patients who were treated for an Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF). For the present study, only patients with OF 4 fractures were analysed. Outcome parameters were complications, Visual Analogue Scale, Oswestry Disability Questionnaire, Timed Up & Go test, EQ-5D 5L, and Barthel Index after a minimum follow-up of 6 weeks. Results A total of 152 (29%) patients presented with OF 4 fractures with a mean age of 76 years (range 41-97). The most common treatment was short-segment posterior stabilization (51%; hybrid stabilization in 36%). Mean follow up was 208 days (±131 days), mean ODI was 30 ± 21. Dorsoventral stabilized patients were younger compared to the other groups ( P 〈 .001) and had significant better TuG compared to hybrid stabilization ( P = .049). The other clinical outcomes did not differ in the therapy strategies (VAS pain: P = 1.000, ODI: P 〉 .602, Barthel: P 〉 .252, EQ-5D 5L index value: P 〉 .610, VAS-EQ-5D 5L: P = 1.000). The inpatient complication rate was 8% after conservative and 16% after surgical treatment. During follow-up period 14% of conservatively treated patients and 3% of surgical treated patients experienced neurological deficits. Conclusions Conservative therapy of OF 4 injuries seems to be viable option in patients with only moderate symptoms. Hybrid stabilization was the dominant treatment strategy leading to promising clinical short-term results. Stand-alone cement augmentation seems to be a valid alternative in selected cases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2192-5682 , 2192-5690
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/21925682221140831
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 4
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    Geriatric Odontoid Fractures: Treatment Algorithms of the German Society for Orthopaedics and Trauma Based on Expert Consensus and a Systematic Review
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Global Spine Journal Vol. 13, No. 1_suppl ( 2023-04), p. 13S-21S
    Details
    In: Global Spine Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 13, No. 1_suppl ( 2023-04), p. 13S-21S
    Abstract: Systematic review/expert consensus. Objectives Fractures of the axis represent the most frequent injury of the spine in elderly patients. Both, operative and non-operative treatment are associated with a high rate of complications and mortality. The aim of this article was to summarize the current literature on the management of odontoid fractures in geriatric patients and to weigh it based on an expert consensus process. Methods In a joint consensus process, members of the Spine Section of the German Orthopaedic and Trauma Society (DGOU) aimed to formulate recommendations for the diagnostic workup and treatment of odontoid fractures in geriatric patients. Based on the previously published recommendations, this article is an updated version with incorporating a systematic review of the recent literature. Results Based on the new data available, the recommendations established in the initial consensus process were adapted. Conclusions Computed tomography represents the diagnostic standard for patients with suspected injuries of the upper cervical spine. Anderson/D’Alonzo odontoid fractures type 1, non-displaced type 2, and type 3 can be treated conservatively. Even non-unions do not necessarily result in poor clinical outcome. In Anderson/D’Alonzo type 2 fractures, surgical therapy offers the advantage of relatively safe osseous healing with no increased complication rate even in elderly patients and can thus be recommended. In very high aged patients, however, a case-by-case decision should be made. When surgical stabilization of osteoporotic odontoid fractures is indicated, posterior techniques are biomechanically advantageous and can be considered the standard.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2192-5682 , 2192-5690
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/21925682231157316
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 5
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    Clinical Evaluation of the Osteoporotic Fracture Treatment Score (OF-Score): Results of the Evaluation of the Osteoporotic Fracture Classification, Treatment Score and Therapy Recommendations (EOFTT) Study
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Global Spine Journal Vol. 13, No. 1_suppl ( 2023-04), p. 29S-35S
    Details
    In: Global Spine Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 13, No. 1_suppl ( 2023-04), p. 29S-35S
    Abstract: Multicenter prospective cohort study. Objective The study aims to validate the recently developed OF score for treatment decisions in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF). Methods This is a prospective multicenter cohort study (EOFTT) in 17 spine centers. All consecutive patients with OVCF were included. The decision for conservative or surgical therapy was made by the treating physician independent of the OF score recommendation. Final decisions were compared to the recommendations given by the OF score. Outcome parameters were complications, Visual Analogue Scale, Oswestry Disability Questionnaire, Timed Up & Go test, EQ-5D 5 L, and Barthel Index. Results In total, 518 patients (75.3% female, age 75 ± 10) years were included. 344 (66%) patients received surgical treatment. 71% of patients were treated following the score recommendations. For an OF score cut-off value of 6.5, the sensitivity and specificity to predict actual treatment were 60% and 68% (AUC .684, P 〈 .001). During hospitalization overall 76 (14.7%) complications occurred. The mean follow-up rate and time were 92% and 5 ± 3.5 months, respectively. While all patients in the study cohort improved in clinical outcome parameters, the effect size was significantly less in the patients not treated in line with the OF score’s recommendation. Eight (3%) patients needed revision surgery. Conclusions Patients treated according to the OF score’s recommendations showed favorable short-term clinical results. Noncompliance with the score resulted in more pain and impaired functional outcome and quality of life. The OF score is a reliable and save tool to aid treatment decision in OVCF.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2192-5682 , 2192-5690
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/21925682221148133
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 6
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    Combined Odontoid (C2) and Atlas (C1) Fractures in Geriatric Patients: A Systematic Review and Treatment Recommendation
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Global Spine Journal Vol. 13, No. 1_suppl ( 2023-04), p. 22S-28S
    Details
    In: Global Spine Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 13, No. 1_suppl ( 2023-04), p. 22S-28S
    Abstract: Systematic review. Objective The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic overview of the pathogenesis and the treatment options of combined odontoid and atlas fractures in geriatric patients. Methods This review is based on articles retrieved by a systematic search in the PubMed and Web of Science databases for articles published until February 2021 dealing with combination fractures of C1 and C2 in geriatric patients. Results Altogether, 438 articles were retrieved from the literature search. A total of 430 articles were excluded. The remaining eight original articles were included in this systematic review depicting the topics pathogenesis, non-operative treatment, posterior approach, and anterior approach. The overall level of evidence of the studies is low. Conclusion Combined odontoid and atlas fractures in the geriatric population are commonly caused by simple falls and seem to be associated with atlanto-odontoid osteoarthritis. Non-operative treatment with a cervical orthosis is a feasible treatment option in the majority of patients with stable C2 fractures. In case of surgery posterior C1 and C 2 stabilization and anterior triple or quadruple screw fixation are possible techniques. Some patients may also deserve an occipito-cervical fusion. A possible treatment algorithm is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2192-5682 , 2192-5690
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/21925682221127951
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 7
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    Postoperative Spinal Implant Infections (PSII)—A Systematic Review: What Do We Know So Far and What is Critical About It?
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  Global Spine Journal Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2022-07), p. 1231-1246
    Details
    In: Global Spine Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2022-07), p. 1231-1246
    Abstract: Systematic review. Objectives: Postoperative spinal implant infections (PSII) are an increasing challenge in the daily clinical routine. This review summarizes existing knowledge in the field of PSII, including definitions, epidemiology, classifications, risk factors, pathogenesis, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Methods: A systematic review was performed using a structured PubMed analysis, based on the PRISMA criteria. The search terminology was set as: “spinal implant associated infection OR spinal implant infection OR spinal instrumentation infection OR peri spinal implant infection.” PubMed search was limited to the categories randomized controlled trials (RCT), clinical trials, meta-analysis and (systematic) reviews, whereas case reports were excluded. Studies from January 2000 to December 2020 were considered eligible. A total of 572 studies were identified, 82 references included for qualitative synthesis, and 19 for detailed sub analysis (12 meta-analysis, 7 prospective RCT). Results: Structural problems in the field of PSII were revealed, including (1) limited level of evidence in clinical studies (missing prospective RCT, metanalyzes), (2) small patient numbers, (3) missing standardized definitions, (4) heterogeneity in patient groups, and (5) redundancy in cited literature. Conclusion: Evidence-based knowledge about spinal implant-associated infections is lacking. All involved medical fields should come together to define the term PSII and to combine their approaches toward research, training, and patient care.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2192-5682 , 2192-5690
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/21925682211024198
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 8
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    Treatment and Outcome of Osteoporotic Thoracolumbar Vertebral Fractures With Anterior or Posterior Tension Band Failure (OF 5): Short-Term Results From the Prospective EOFTT Multicenter Study
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Global Spine Journal Vol. 13, No. 1_suppl ( 2023-04), p. 44S-51S
    Details
    In: Global Spine Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 13, No. 1_suppl ( 2023-04), p. 44S-51S
    Abstract: Subgroup analysis of a multicenter prospective cohort study Objective To analyse surgical strategies applied to osteoporotic thoracolumbar osteoporotic fracture (OF) 5 injuries with anterior or posterior tension band failure and to assess related complications and clinical outcome. Methods A multicenter prospective cohort study (EOFTT) was conducted at 17 spine centers including 518 consecutive patients who were treated for an osteoporotic vertebral fracture (OVF). For the present study, only patients with OF 5 fractures were analysed. Outcome parameters were complications, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (ODI), Timed Up & Go test (TUG), EQ-5D 5L, and Barthel Index. Results In total, 19 patients (78 ± 7 years, 13 female) were analysed. Operative treatment consisted of long-segment posterior instrumentation in 9 cases and short-segment posterior instrumentation in 10 cases. Pedicle screws were augmented in 68 %, augmentation of the fractured vertebra was performed in 42%, and additional anterior reconstruction was done in 21 %. Two patients (11 %) received short-segment posterior instrumentation without either anterior reconstruction or cement-augmentation of the fractured vertebra. No surgical or major complications occurred, but general postoperative complications were observed in 45%. At a follow-up of mean 20 ± 10 weeks (range, 12 to 48 weeks), patients showed significant improvements in all functional outcome parameters. Conclusions In this analysis of patients with type OF 5 fractures, surgical stabilization was the treatment of choice and lead to significant short-term improvement in terms of functional outcome and quality of life despite a high general complication rate.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2192-5682 , 2192-5690
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/21925682221127956
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 9
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    Management of Pathological Thoracolumbar Vertebral Fractures in Patients With Multiple Myeloma: Multidisciplinary Recommendations
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Global Spine Journal Vol. 13, No. 1_suppl ( 2023-04), p. 85S-93S
    Details
    In: Global Spine Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 13, No. 1_suppl ( 2023-04), p. 85S-93S
    Abstract: Mutlidisciplinary consensus recommendations for patients suffering from multiple myeloma (MM) involvement of the spinal column by the Spine Section of the German Association of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgeons. Objective To provide a comprehensive multidisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic approach and to summarize the current literature on the management of pathological thoracolumbar vertebral fractures in patients with multiple myeloma. Methods Multidisciplinary recommendations using a classical consensus process provided by radiation oncologists, medical oncologists, orthopaedic- and trauma surgeons. A narrative literature review of the current diagnostic and treatment strategies was conducted. Results Treatment decision has to be driven by a multidisciplinary team of oncologists, radiotherapists and spine surgeons. When considering surgery in MM patients, differing factors compared to other secondary spinal lesions have to be included into the decision process: probable neurological deterioration, the stage of the disease and prognosis, patient’s general condition, localization and number of the lesions as well as patient’s own wishes or expectations. Aiming to improve quality of life, the major goal of surgical treatment is to preserve mobility by reducing pain, secure neurological function and stability. Conclusion The goal of surgery is primarily to improve quality of life by restoring stability and neurological function. Interventions with an increased risk of complications due to MM-associated immunodeficiency must be avoided whenever feasible to allow early systemic treatment. Hence, treatment decisions should be based on a multidisciplinary team that considers patient’s constitution and prognosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2192-5682 , 2192-5690
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/21925682221143732
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 10
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    Spondylodiscitis in Geriatric Patients: What Are the Issues?
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Global Spine Journal Vol. 13, No. 1_suppl ( 2023-04), p. 73S-84S
    Details
    In: Global Spine Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 13, No. 1_suppl ( 2023-04), p. 73S-84S
    Abstract: Review article. Objectives A review of literature on the treatment of pyogenic spondylodiscitis in geriatric patients was performed with the aim to give an overview about these special patients and a recommendation on necessary diagnostics as well as conservative and operative treatment options. Methods A systematic computerized literature search was done by the spondylodiscitis working group of the German Society for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery. Results Spondylodiscitis has an increasing incidence by age with a peak at 75 years or older. The 1-year mortality without an appropriate treatment is with 15 to 20% extremely high. Pathogen detection is the essential diagnostic step and the basis for a sufficient antibiotic treatment. Geriatric patients have initially less elevated inflammatory parameters. Compared to younger patients. They have a longer length of hospital stay and take longer for CRP normalization. Even the outcome between conservative and operative treatment is comparable after one year. Patients with spinal instability, immobilizing pain, epidural abscess, and newly emerged neurological deficits should be considered for operative treatment. Conclusions The treatment of geriatric patients with pyogenic spondylodiscitis must take into account that these patients usually have multiple comorbidities. The main goals are resistance-based antibiotics and the shortest possible time of immobilization of the patient.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2192-5682 , 2192-5690
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/21925682221121300
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
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