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  • SAGE Publications  (10)
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  • SAGE Publications  (10)
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  • English  (10)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Significant Improvement in Mechanical Performance for Grid-Stiffened Polymer Composites
    SAGE Publications ; 2011
    In:  Polymers and Polymer Composites Vol. 19, No. 2-3 ( 2011-03), p. 75-80
    Details
    In: Polymers and Polymer Composites, SAGE Publications, Vol. 19, No. 2-3 ( 2011-03), p. 75-80
    Abstract: This work studies the static mechanical properties of grid stiffened polymer composites. This developed composite is expected to have an ultra-higher mechanical performance than traditional composite structures. Static mechanical measurements show that the combination of gridding reinforcement and epoxy polymer (Diglycidyl 4,5-epoxy cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate) helps the advanced composite to possess extremely high mechanical properties, such as resistive properties in axial pressure (more than 160% improvement) and external pressure (more than 102% improvement) for comparison. Subsequently, the effects of wetting angle of reinforcement, quantity of gridding reinforcement, and type of grid on the mechanical properties of the advanced polymer composites have been studied and analyzed. Finally, the finite element model (FEM) method is employed to substantiate these experimental results. The FEM simulation results are in such great agreement with the experimental results that the standard deviations between them are strictly limited to 15%. Furthermore, it demonstrates that the FEM technology is an effective approach for predicting and optimizing structure design, as well as the mechanical behaviors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0967-3911 , 1478-2391
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0967391111019002-304
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2099644-5
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Analysis of Upper-and Lower-limits of Fill Time in Resin Transfer Mold Filling Simulation
    SAGE Publications ; 2004
    In:  Journal of Composite Materials Vol. 38, No. 13 ( 2004-07), p. 1115-1136
    Details
    In: Journal of Composite Materials, SAGE Publications, Vol. 38, No. 13 ( 2004-07), p. 1115-1136
    Abstract: The finite element/control volume method (FE/CVM) is widely used to simulate resin flow in resin transfer molding process. There exists the errors of varying degree in the fill time with the use of the approach. In this paper, the reasons leading to such errors are investigated. The conception of the up-and down-stream flow rates is introduced. An Unsaturated Flow Layer (UFL) technique to predict and track the movement of the free surface is presented, in which the downstream flow rate is used. The fill time obtained by the analytical solutions, the UFL technique and the traditional FE/CVM have been compared with each other. It is validated that the numerical fill time with the UFL technique and the traditional FE/CVM are the upper-and lower-limits of the analytical fill time respectively. The notable errors of numerical solutions obtained by the traditional FE/CVM and the UFL technique were both observed. A new Weighted Average Flux (WAF) approach is further proposed to eliminate the problem. A simple analytical formula for weighted factors is derived, through which the solution accuracy of the different numerical techniques are discussed. A variety of examples including 1-D, 2-D00, 2.5-D00 shell geometries and fully 3-D flows are presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed approach. The results show that the WAF approach cannot give solutions in excellent agreement with the analytical solutions, but also can save the computer time, compared with traditional FE/CVM.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9983 , 1530-793X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0021998304042078
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 160490-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2081924-9
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Molecular dynamics simulations of interfacial adhesion between carbon fibers and various epoxies/hardeners and its calorimetric validation
    SAGE Publications ; 2013
    In:  Journal of Composite Materials Vol. 47, No. 8 ( 2013-04), p. 1011-1017
    Details
    In: Journal of Composite Materials, SAGE Publications, Vol. 47, No. 8 ( 2013-04), p. 1011-1017
    Abstract: Separate molecular dynamics simulations are carried out to study interfacial interactions between various monomers of epoxies and their hardeners with T300 and CCF300 carbon fibers. Atomistic models of T300 and CCF300 carbon fibers, both in sized and unsized states, are prepared on the basis of their X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy data. Calorimeteric measurement of heat of adsorption is used to validate the simulated values of interfacial interactions. Results demonstrate a ranking of epoxies and hardeners on the basis of their interfacial adhesion with T300 and CCF300 carbon fibers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9983 , 1530-793X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0021998312444768
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 160490-9
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Failure analysis of carbon fiber reinforced composite subjected to low velocity impact and compression after impact
    SAGE Publications ; 2016
    In:  Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites Vol. 35, No. 9 ( 2016-05), p. 727-746
    Details
    In: Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, SAGE Publications, Vol. 35, No. 9 ( 2016-05), p. 727-746
    Abstract: Composites are very sensitive to the load in the direction of thickness, especially out-plane low velocity impact (LVI). In this article, the detailed failure mechanisms of composite laminates with four material systems (CCF300/Epoxy, CCF300/Bismaleimide, CCF800/Epoxy, and CCF800/Bismaleimide) under the loading of LVI and compression after impact (CAI) were studied by experiment and finite element analysis. In finite element model, a newly proposed multi-scale failure criterion (MMF3) and cohesive elements are used to determine the intralaminar damage and interlaminar delamination, respectively. Through experiment and finite element analysis, it can be concluded that the damage tolerance performance of epoxy resin composites are better than that of bismaleimide resin composites, and the damage tolerance performance of CCF300 carbon fiber composites are better than that of CCF800 carbon fiber composites. The proposed multi-scale failure analysis method can effectively simulate the impact and CAI damage process of composite laminates.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0731-6844 , 1530-7964
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0731684415627381
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2051886-9
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Microscopic progressive damage simulation of unidirectional composite based on the elastic–plastic theory
    SAGE Publications ; 2015
    In:  Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites Vol. 34, No. 3 ( 2015-02), p. 232-247
    Details
    In: Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, SAGE Publications, Vol. 34, No. 3 ( 2015-02), p. 232-247
    Abstract: Computational mechanics has been carried out to study the microscopic failure mechanisms of unidirectional fiber-reinforced polymer composites. A representative volume element of fiber random distribution based on molecules random collision model is established, with two dominant damage mechanisms, matrix plastic deformation and interfacial debonding included in the simulation by the extended Drucker–Prager model and cohesive zone model, respectively. The simulation results clearly reveal the damage process of the composites and the interactions of different damage mechanisms. It can be concluded that the transverse tension fracture initiates as interfacial debonding and evolves as a result of interactions between interfacial debonding and matrix plastic deformation, while the compression failure is dominated by matrix plastic damage. The longitudinal tension and compression are both dominated by fiber breakage, but longitudinal tension initiates as matrix plastic damage and longitudinal compression initiates as fiber microbuckling. Finite element method appropriately simulated the process of progressive damage of the fiber buckling failure, which is consistent with the observed result under scanning electron microscopy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0731-6844 , 1530-7964
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0731684414567745
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The morphing bi-stable glass fiber–reinforced polymer laminates actuated by embedded electrothermal alloy
    SAGE Publications ; 2015
    In:  Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures Vol. 26, No. 1 ( 2015-01), p. 69-78
    Details
    In: Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, SAGE Publications, Vol. 26, No. 1 ( 2015-01), p. 69-78
    Abstract: This article develops and proves the concept of morphing bi-stable glass fiber–reinforced polymer laminates using electrothermal alloys to trigger the snap-through from one stable configuration to another. The presented concept considers an alternative to existing morphing bi-stable concepts wherein actuators are used to elastically actuate bi-stable laminates to snap between stable configurations. These existing concepts are restricted to some bi-stable laminates with certain layups and sizes. For the concept discussed here, the electrothermal alloys are embedded in the laminates and are used as internal heating sources. Morphing can be achieved by heating and subsequently cooling the local region of the laminate, and no energy is needed to maintain the deformation. One-way and a two-way morphing bi-stable laminates are designed and manufactured. The finite element simulation is performed to predict the thermally induced morphing process. The experimental morphing process is compared with the simulated process, and good agreement between experiments and predictions is found. The basic principle of this morphing bi-stable structure is discussed. Based on the same principle, more different forms of morphing bi-stable structures can be designed and manufactured.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1045-389X , 1530-8138
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1045389X14521876
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2088313-4
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Developing an approach to calculate carbon fiber surface energy using molecular simulation and its application to real carbon fibers
    SAGE Publications ; 2012
    In:  Journal of Composite Materials Vol. 46, No. 6 ( 2012-03), p. 707-715
    Details
    In: Journal of Composite Materials, SAGE Publications, Vol. 46, No. 6 ( 2012-03), p. 707-715
    Abstract: Carbon fiber surface energy is calculated using molecular mechanics simulations on the basis of variation in nonbond energy of carbon fiber due to the presence of various functional groups i.e., OH, CO, and COOH. A step-wise methodology is adopted so that optimized graphite models are used to build separate models of carbon fibers for discrete percentages of OH, CO, and COOH to know the effect of each functional group. Eventually, models of three real carbon fibers are developed to know the combined effect of functional groups on the surface energy of carbon fibers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9983 , 1530-793X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0021998311410491
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 160490-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2081924-9
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Critical Void Content for Thermoset Composite Laminates
    SAGE Publications ; 2009
    In:  Journal of Composite Materials Vol. 43, No. 17 ( 2009-08), p. 1775-1790
    Details
    In: Journal of Composite Materials, SAGE Publications, Vol. 43, No. 17 ( 2009-08), p. 1775-1790
    Abstract: An experimental program to characterize the effect of voids on the strength of composite laminates is presented. The adequacy of a fracture criterion to represent the experimental data for the effect of voids on the flexure strength, tensile strength, and interlaminar shear strength of composite laminates is assessed. The experimental program investigates the effect of different pressures and dwell times on the critical void content. Laminates produced with carbon fiber/epoxy resin unidirectional prepreg have been produced with an intentionally high void content. Short beam shear, three-point flexure, and tensile testing are used for mechanical evaluation and the results correlate to void volume fraction and ultrasonic absorption coefficient. The ultrasonic absorption coefficient is measured for all the specimens and its variation is approximately linear with the void content, corroborating previous experimental results. The effects of these factors on the strength of the composite laminates are discussed in terms of the fracture parameters involved in the fracture criterion. The critical void content is estimated for each case both in terms of void content and ultrasonic attenuation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9983 , 1530-793X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0021998306065289
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 160490-9
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Prediction of Critical Center Load for Bi-stable Laminates
    SAGE Publications ; 2011
    In:  Polymers and Polymer Composites Vol. 19, No. 2-3 ( 2011-03), p. 171-176
    Details
    In: Polymers and Polymer Composites, SAGE Publications, Vol. 19, No. 2-3 ( 2011-03), p. 171-176
    Abstract: Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to study the snap-through of bi-stable laminate. Along with displacement load, the “static stabilize” algorithm in ABAQUS was employed in FEA. Two kinds of finite models, a two-step model (with internal thermal stress) and an one-step model (without internal thermal stress) were presented. The results show that the thickness defect of specimen must be considered, the error of critical load predicted by the modified two-step model which considers thickness defect is 0.7%. Comparison between one-step model and two-step model indicates that when the deformation is small, the one-step model is accurate and more convenient. Otherwise, the two-step model must be employed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0967-3911 , 1478-2391
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0967391111019002-318
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2099644-5
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An Exploratory Study Into the Fatigue of Composites Under Spectrum Loading
    SAGE Publications ; 1983
    In:  Journal of Composite Materials Vol. 17, No. 6 ( 1983-11), p. 511-526
    Details
    In: Journal of Composite Materials, SAGE Publications, Vol. 17, No. 6 ( 1983-11), p. 511-526
    Abstract: A fatigue and residual strength degradation model for constant amplitude cyclic loading has been modified and applied to fatigue of composites under service loading spectra. An exploratory study is made to describe the fatigue behavior of composites subject to spectrum loading using some base-line constant amplitude data. Available test data for both composite laminates and bonded joints under service loading spectra are used to correlate with the theoretical results.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9983 , 1530-793X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/002199838301700604
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 1983
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 160490-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2081924-9
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