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  • S. Karger AG  (49)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Diabetes Mellitus: Is It Protective against Aortic Root Dilatation?
    S. Karger AG ; 2009
    In:  Cardiology Vol. 112, No. 2 ( 2009), p. 138-143
    Details
    In: Cardiology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 112, No. 2 ( 2009), p. 138-143
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Objectives: 〈 /i 〉 There is evidence of a negative association between diabetes and both abdominal aortic aneurysm and aortic diameter. However, little information is available on the relation between diabetes and aortic root diameter. 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 We studied 109 patients with type 2 diabetes. Two-dimensional echocardiography was used to measure the aortic root at the aortic annulus, the sinus of Valsalva, the sinotubular junction and the proximal part of the ascending aorta. Measured mean values were compared with 218 age- and sex-matched patients without diabetes. A comparison of the prevalence of aortic regurgitation between the 2 groups was also performed. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 In patients with diabetes, the mean aortic root dimensions were significantly smaller than in nondiabetic patients (p 〈 0.05). The prevalence of aortic root dilatation was significantly higher in nondiabetic subjects than in patients with diabetes (9.63 vs. 2.75%; p = 0.025). In the multivariable regression model, diabetes was a significant negative determinant of aortic root size at all measured sites. The prevalence of aortic regurgitation tended to be higher in nondiabetic subjects than in diabetic participants (11 vs. 18.8%); however, the difference did not achieve statistical significance (p = 0.071). 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 In patients with diabetes, the aortic root dimension is significantly smaller than in patients without diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-6312 , 1421-9751
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000142944
    RVK:
    XA 36200
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482041-9
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Risk Factors of In-Hospital Mortality of Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Comparison of ICH Scores in a Taiwanese Population
    S. Karger AG ; 2011
    In:  European Neurology Vol. 66, No. 1 ( 2011), p. 59-63
    Details
    In: European Neurology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 66, No. 1 ( 2011), p. 59-63
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Background and Purpose: 〈 /i 〉 Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to explore the risk factors associated with mortality and unfavorable outcome of ICH in Taiwan and to compare the predictive power with the existing ICH scores. 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 Medical records of the ICH patients consecutively admitted to a regional hospital between January 2003 and December 2006 were reviewed retrospectively. The demographics, outcome, clinical and radiological characteristics were also analyzed. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 A total of 61 among 285 (21.4%) ICH patients died during hospitalization. Diabetes mellitus, lower scores of initial Glasgow Coma Scale, initial ICH volume 〉 30 ml, and intraventricular hematoma were identified as major independent risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality in the logistic regression model. In comparison to the predictive power for mortality and unfavorable outcome, Barthel Index 〈 40 at discharge, the results showed no significant difference among the scores derived from our study, the ICH score by Hemphill and the modified ICH score developed in Taiwan. 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 Although these ICH scores developed with various measurements, no significant difference in predicting mortality and unfavorable functional outcomes was found. The results supporting the ICH score by Hemphill may provide a good prediction in acute outcome across ethnic groups.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0014-3022 , 1421-9913
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000328787
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482237-4
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Chinese Expert Consensus on the Use of Biologics in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis (2022, Zhuhai)
    S. Karger AG ; 2023
    In:  ORL Vol. 85, No. 3 ( 2023), p. 128-140
    Details
    In: ORL, S. Karger AG, Vol. 85, No. 3 ( 2023), p. 128-140
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common inflammatory disease in otolaryngology, mainly manifested as nasal congestion, nasal discharge, facial pain/pressure, and smell disorder. CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), an important phenotype of CRS, has a high recurrence rate even after receiving corticosteroids and/or functional endoscopic sinus surgery. In recent years, clinicians have focused on the application of biological agents in CRSwNP. However, it has not reached a consensus on the timing and selection of biologics for the treatment of CRS so far. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Summary: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 We reviewed the previous studies of biologics in CRS and summarized the indications, contraindications, efficacy assessment, prognosis, and adverse effects of biologics. Also, we evaluated the treatment response and adverse reactions of dupilumab, omalizumab, and mepolizumab in the management of CRS and made recommendations. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Key Messages: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Dupilumab, omalizumab, and mepolizumab have been approved for the treatment of CRSwNP by the US Food and Drug Administration. Type 2 and eosinophilic inflammation, need for systemic steroids or contraindication to systemic steroids, significantly impaired quality of life, anosmia, and comorbid asthma are required for the use of biologics. Based on current evidence, dupilumab has the prominent advantage in improving quality of life and reducing the risk of comorbid asthma in CRSwNP among the approved monoclonal antibodies. Most patients tolerate biological agents well in general with few major or severe adverse effects. Biologics have provided more options for severe uncontrolled CRSwNP patients or patients who refuse to have surgery. In the future, more novel biologics will be assessed in high-quality clinical trials and applied clinically.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0301-1569 , 1423-0275
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000529918
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483533-2
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Efficacy and Safety of Sevelamer Carbonate in Chinese Nondialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Hyperphosphatemia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group Study
    S. Karger AG ; 2023
    In:  Kidney Diseases Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2023), p. 82-93
    Details
    In: Kidney Diseases, S. Karger AG, Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2023), p. 82-93
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Introduction: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Previous studies suggested that sevelamer carbonate is well tolerated with a favorable efficacy and safety profile in both dialysis and nondialysis patients in Europe; however, the efficacy remains controversial, and few studies have examined sevelamer carbonate therapy in other ethnic nondialysis CKD patients. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of sevelamer carbonate in Chinese nondialysis CKD patients with hyperphosphatemia. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 The multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, and phase 3 clinical trial enrolled 202 Chinese nondialysis CKD patients with serum phosphorus ≥1.78 mmol/L. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive sevelamer carbonate (2.4–12 g per day) or placebo for 8 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in serum phosphorous between baseline and week 8. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Totally 482 Chinese patients were screened and 202 were randomized (sevelamer carbonate, 〈 i 〉 n 〈 /i 〉 = 101; placebo, 〈 i 〉 n 〈 /i 〉 = 101). The mean serum phosphorous decreased significantly in patients treated with sevelamer carbonate compared with placebo (−0.22 ± 0.47 vs. 0.05 ± 0.44 mmol/L, 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 & #x3c; 0.0001). Significantly ( 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 & #x3c; 0.0001), decreases of serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and calcium-phosphorus (Ca × P) product levels from baseline to week 8 were shown in sevelamer carbonate group compared with placebo group. Serum intact parathyroid hormone was not significantly changed in the sevelamer carbonate group ( 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 = 0.83). Patients in the sevelamer carbonate group experienced similar adverse events as the placebo group. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Sevelamer carbonate is an effective and well-tolerated phosphate binder in advanced nondialysis CKD Chinese patients with hyperphosphatemia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-9381 , 2296-9357
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000527833
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2817963-8
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Association of Low Hemoglobin Levels with IgA Nephropathy Progression: A Two-Center Cohort Study of 1,828 Cases
    S. Karger AG ; 2020
    In:  American Journal of Nephrology Vol. 51, No. 8 ( 2020), p. 624-634
    Details
    In: American Journal of Nephrology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 51, No. 8 ( 2020), p. 624-634
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Aim: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 To investigate the relationship between hemoglobin levels and the progression of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 In a two-center cohort of 1,828 cases with biopsy-proven IgAN, we examined the association of hemoglobin levels with the primary outcome of a composite of all-cause mortality or kidney failure defined as a 40% decline in eGFR, or ESKD (defined as eGFR & #x3c;15 mL/min/1.73 m 〈 sup 〉 2 〈 /sup 〉 or need for kidney replacement therapy including hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or kidney transplantation), or the outcome of kidney failure, assessed using Cox and logistic regression models, respectively, with adjustment for confounders. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 At baseline, mean age, eGFR, and hemoglobin levels were 33.75 ± 11.03 years, 99.70 ± 30.40 mL/min/1.73 m 〈 sup 〉 2 〈 /sup 〉 , and 123.47 ± 18.36 g/L, respectively. During a median of approximately 7-year follow-up, 183 cases reached the composite outcome. After adjustment for demographic and IgAN-specific covariates and treatments, a lower quartile of hemoglobin was nonlinearly associated with an increased risk of the primary outcome or kidney failure in the Cox proportional hazards models (primary outcome: HR for quartile 3 vs. 4, 1.37; 95% CI, 0.83–2.25; HR for quartile 2 vs. 4, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.68–2.07; HR for quartile 1 vs. 4, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.15–3.17; kidney failure: HR for quartile 3 vs. 4, 1.39; 95% CI, 0.84–2.31; HR for quartile 2 vs. 4, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.68–2.11; HR for quartile 1 vs. 4, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.09–3.07) in the fully adjusted model. Then, hemoglobin levels were transformed to a binary variable for fitting the model according to the criteria for anemia of 110 g/L in the women and 120 g/L in men in China. The participants in the anemia group had an increased risk of developing outcomes compared with the nonanemia group in both genders (primary outcome: male: HR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.01–2.68; female: HR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.02–2.76; kidney failure: male: HR, 1.60; 95% CI, 0.97–2.64; female: HR, 1.58; 95% CI, 0.95–2.61) in the fully adjusted model. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 A low level of hemoglobin was nonlinearly associated with IgAN progression. The anemic IgAN patients presented a higher risk of developing poor outcomes compared with the nonanemic patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0250-8095 , 1421-9670
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000508770
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468523-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Management and Outcome of Ventricular Septal Rupture Complicating Acute Myocardial Infarction: What Is New in the Era of Percutaneous Intervention?
    S. Karger AG ; 2018
    In:  Cardiology Vol. 141, No. 4 ( 2018), p. 226-232
    Details
    In: Cardiology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 141, No. 4 ( 2018), p. 226-232
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Postinfarction ventricular septal rupture (PI-VSR) is a rare but devastating complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Risk stratification in the acute phase is crucial for decision-making, and this study analyzed the risk factors for early mortality and the effects of various management options on the outcome of PI-VSR patients in the era of percutaneous intervention. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 A total of 96 patients with PI-VSR were identified and divided into an acute-phase survivor group ( 〈 i 〉 n 〈 /i 〉 = 46, survived ≥2 weeks after admission) and a nonsurvivor group ( 〈 i 〉 n 〈 /i 〉 = 50, died within 2 weeks after admission). Percutaneous closure was considered in acute-phase survivors. Patients were followed up for a mean 47 (quartiles 15–71) months by clinical visit or telephone interview. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 The overall acute-phase (i.e., & #x3c; 2 weeks after the diagnosis of PI-VSR) mortality rate was 52%. Female sex and Killip Class III–IV at admission were associated with an increased risk of acute-phase death. Of the 46 patients who survived ≥2 weeks, 20 underwent interventional occlusion and the procedure was successful in 19. Percutaneous closure in the acute-phase survivor group improved the immediate (21% in-hospital mortality rate) and long-term (53% mortality) outcomes. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Patients with PI-VSR are at a high risk of acute-phase mortality. Female sex and severe cardiac dysfunction at admission are linked with a high rate of acute-phase deaths. Percutaneous closure in acute-phase survivors results in favorable short- and long-term benefits for PI-VSR patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-6312 , 1421-9751
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000495877
    RVK:
    XA 36200
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482041-9
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Association between 〈b〉〈i〉SIRT6〈/i〉〈/b〉 Methylation and Human Longevity in a Chinese Population
    S. Karger AG ; 2020
    In:  Public Health Genomics Vol. 23, No. 5-6 ( 2020), p. 190-199
    Details
    In: Public Health Genomics, S. Karger AG, Vol. 23, No. 5-6 ( 2020), p. 190-199
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 〈 i 〉 Sirtuin 〈 /i 〉 6 gene (SIRT6) is a longevity gene that is involved in a variety of metabolic pathways, but the relationship between SIRT6 methylation and longevity has not been clarified. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 We conducted a case-control study on 129 residents with a family history of longevity (1 of parents, themselves, or siblings aged ≥90 years) and 86 individuals without a family history of exceptional longevity to identify the association. DNA pyrosequencing was performed to analyze the methylation status of 〈 i 〉 SIRT6 〈 /i 〉 promoter CpG sites. qRT-PCR and ELISA were used to estimate the 〈 i 〉 SIRT6 〈 /i 〉 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels and protein content. Six CpG sites (P1–P6) were identified as methylation variable positions in the 〈 i 〉 SIRT6 〈 /i 〉 promoter region. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 At the P2 and P5 CpG sites, the methylation rates of the longevity group were lower than those of the control group ( 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 & #x3c; 0.001 and 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 = 0.009), which might be independent determinants of longevity. The mRNA and protein levels of 〈 i 〉 SIRT6 〈 /i 〉 decreased in the control group ( 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 & #x3c; 0.0001 and 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 = 0.038). The mRNA level negatively correlated with the methylation rates at the P2 ( 〈 i 〉 r 〈 /i 〉 〈 sub 〉 s 〈 /sub 〉 = −0.173, 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 = 0.011) and P5 sites ( 〈 i 〉 r 〈 /i 〉 〈 sub 〉 s 〈 /sub 〉 = −0.207, 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 = 0.002). Furthermore, the protein content positively correlated with the methylation rate at the P5 site ( 〈 i 〉 r 〈 /i 〉 〈 sub 〉 s 〈 /sub 〉 = 0.136, 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 = 0.046) but showed no significant correlation with the methylation rate at the P2 site. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 The low level of 〈 i 〉 SIRT6 〈 /i 〉 methylation may be a potential protective factor of Chinese longevity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1662-4246 , 1662-8063
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000508832
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2457026-6
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Increased Levels of Total 〈b〉〈i〉p〈/i〉〈/b〉-Cresylsulfate Are Associated with Pruritus in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
    S. Karger AG ; 2016
    In:  Dermatology Vol. 232, No. 3 ( 2016), p. 363-370
    Details
    In: Dermatology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 232, No. 3 ( 2016), p. 363-370
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Pruritus is a common and distressing symptom that affects patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Indoxyl sulfate (IS) and 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 -cresylsulfate (PCS) are uremic toxins with similar protein binding, dialytic clearance, and proinflammatory features. Pruritus in CKD may correlate better with uremic toxins than the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), suggesting that uremic toxins either in the central nervous system or peripherally may play an important role in the pathophysiology. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Objective: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 We sought to investigate the potential contribution of serum total IS and PCS to the pathogenesis of pruritus. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 The serum levels of total IS and PCS concentrations were measured in all patients by using the Ultra Performance LC System. The characteristics of pruritus were assessed using a visual analog scale score and an interview questionnaire. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Among the 320 CKD patients, 35% had pruritus. The patients with pruritus were older and had a higher frequency of diabetes mellitus, higher uric acid, calcium, phosphorus, creatinine, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and total IS and PCS levels, and lower albumin concentrations and estimated GFR (eGFR) than those without pruritus. Increasing concentrations of total PCS were independently and significantly associated with pruritus. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed total PCS as an independent association factor for pruritus, even after full adjustment of known biomarkers. Furthermore, serum total PCS levels were positively associated with calcium, phosphorus, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and white blood cell count, and negatively associated with eGFR, hemoglobin, and hematocrit. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Our results indicate that total PCS may play a role in the pathogenesis of pruritus.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1018-8665 , 1421-9832
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000445429
    RVK:
    XA 37700
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482189-8
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Spatiotemporal Expression of Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 in Human Hindgut and Anorectal Development
    S. Karger AG ; 2013
    In:  Cells Tissues Organs Vol. 198, No. 1 ( 2013), p. 28-34
    Details
    In: Cells Tissues Organs, S. Karger AG, Vol. 198, No. 1 ( 2013), p. 28-34
    Abstract: As fibroblast growth factor 10 〈 i 〉 (FGF-10) 〈 /i 〉 gene expression may have a role in anorectal duct formation, this study aimed to assess the spatiotemporal expression pattern of FGF-10 during development of the rectum and hindgut in human embryos. FGF-10 expression was evaluated in human embryos (n = 85) at 3-8 weeks of gestation after immunohistochemical evaluation using antibodies specific for FGF-10. From weeks 4 to 7 of gestation, FGF-10 expression was observed primarily in the apical epithelium of the dorsal urorectal septum, the cloacal membrane (CM) and the hindgut. Following CM rupture (week 7), the epithelium of the anal canal was negative for FGF-10; however, it was present within the urothelium through week 7. FGF-10 expression during the development of the human hindgut and anorectum suggests that it may play a role in hindgut and anorectal morphogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-6405 , 1422-6421
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000351472
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481840-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    Spatiotemporal Expression of 〈b〉〈i〉Cdx4〈/i〉〈/b〉 in the Developing Anorectum of Rat Embryos with Ethylenethiourea-Induced Anorectal Malformations
    S. Karger AG ; 2014
    In:  Cells Tissues Organs Vol. 199, No. 2-3 ( 2014), p. 212-220
    Details
    In: Cells Tissues Organs, S. Karger AG, Vol. 199, No. 2-3 ( 2014), p. 212-220
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Purpose: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 The aim of this study was to determine the expression of 〈 i 〉 Cdx4 〈 /i 〉 (caudal-type homeobox gene-4) during anorectal development in normal and ethylenethiourea (ETU)-induced anorectal malformation (ARM) embryos with a view to establishing the possible role of 〈 i 〉 Cdx4 〈 /i 〉 in ARM pathogenesis. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Materials and Methods: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 ARM was induced by ETU on the 10th gestational day (GD10) in rat embryos. Cesarean deliveries were then performed to harvest the embryos. Spatiotemporal expression of 〈 i 〉 Cdx4 〈 /i 〉 was evaluated in normal rat embryos (n = 354) and ARM embryos (n = 378) from GD13 to GD16. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence 〈 b 〉 〈 /b 〉 revealed that, in normal embryos, 〈 i 〉 Cdx4 〈 /i 〉 expression was extensively detected on the epithelium of the cloaca on GD13. On GD14, the 〈 i 〉 Cdx4- 〈 /i 〉 positive cells were intensively detected on the hindgut. On GD15, the anal membrane was constantly immunoreactive to 〈 i 〉 Cdx4. 〈 /i 〉 On GD16, 〈 i 〉 Cdx4 〈 /i 〉 -labeled cells were observed on the epithelium of the anus. In the ARM embryos, the epithelium of the cloaca, urorectal septum (URS) and anorectum was negative or faint for 〈 i 〉 Cdx4 〈 /i 〉 . In the normal embryo group, 〈 i 〉 Cdx4 〈 /i 〉 protein and mRNA expression showed time-dependent changes in the developing hindgut from GD13 to GD16 on Western blot and real-time reverse transcription plus polymerase chain reaction. Once the URS divided the cloaca into the primitive rectum and urogenital sinus (UGS) on GD15, 〈 i 〉 Cdx4 〈 /i 〉 expression began to decrease. In addition, the expression level of 〈 i 〉 Cdx4 〈 /i 〉 in the ARM group from GD13 to GD15 was significantly lower than that in the normal group (p 〈 0.05). 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 In ARM embryos, an imbalance in the spatiotemporal expression of 〈 i 〉 Cdx4 〈 /i 〉 was noted during anorectal morphogenesis from GD13 to GD16. This suggests that ETU may cause downregulation of 〈 i 〉 Cdx4 〈 /i 〉 expression. Downregulation of 〈 i 〉 Cdx4 〈 /i 〉 at the time of cloacal separation into the primitive rectum and UGS might thus be related to the development of ARM.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-6405 , 1422-6421
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000365965
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481840-1
    SSG: 12
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