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  • MDPI AG  (10)
  • English  (10)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Efficacy and Safety of Combined Extracts of Cornus officinalis and Ribes fasciculatum for Body Fat Reduction in Overweight Women
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2020-11-11), p. 3629-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2020-11-11), p. 3629-
    Abstract: Obesity is a medical condition that presents excessive fat accumulation with high risk of serious chronic diseases. The aim of this clinical trial is to investigate the anti-obesity effects of Cornus officinalis (CO) and Ribes fasciculatum (RF) on body fat reduction in Korean overweight women. A total of 147 overweight female participants enrolled in double-blinded clinical trial for 12 weeks and 76 participants completed the clinical study. Participants were treated with four CO and RF mixture (COEC; 400 mg per tablet) or four placebo tablets once a day. Obesity associated parameters (body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, body fat percentage and body fat mass) and safety assessment were analyzed. After 12 weeks of COEC treatment, primary outcomes such as body fat percentage (0.76% vs. 0.01%; p = 0.022) and mass (1.1 kg vs. 0.5 kg; p = 0.049) were significantly decreased. In addition, the results were statistically significant between the COEC and placebo groups, strongly indicated that COEC had anti-obesity effects on overweight women. Secondary outcomes—including body weight, waist and hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, body mass index and computed tomography measurement of visceral fat area, subcutaneous fat area, total abdominal fat area and visceral-to-subcutaneous fat ratio—were reduced in COEC-treated group, but no statistical differences were found between the COEC and placebo groups. The safety assessment did not differ between the two groups. These results suggest that treatment of COEC extract reduces body fat percentage and mass in Korean overweight women, indicating it as a protective functional agent for obesity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113629
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characteristics of Plasma Flow for Microwave Plasma Assisted Aerosol Deposition
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2021-06-29), p. 1705-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2021-06-29), p. 1705-
    Abstract: To validate the possibility of the developed microwave plasma source with a novel structure for plasma aerosol deposition, the characteristics of the plasma flow velocity generated from the microwave plasma source were investigated by a Mach probe with pressure variation. Simulation with the turbulent model was introduced to deduce calibration factor of the Mach probe and to compare experimental measurements for analyses of collisional plasma conditions. The results show calibration factor does not seem to be a constant parameter and highly dependent on the collision parameter. The measured plasma flow velocity, which witnessed fluctuations produced by a shock flow, was between 400 and 700 m/s. The optimized conditions for microwave plasma assisted aerosol deposition were derived by the results obtained from analyses of the parameters of microwave plasma jet. Under the optimized conditions, Y2O3 coatings deposited on an aluminum substrate were investigated using scanning electron microscope. The results presented in this study show the microwave plasma assisted aerosol deposition with the developed microwave plasma source is highly feasible for thick films with 〉 50 μm.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano11071705
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Anti-Tumor Effect of Heat-Killed Bifidobacterium bifidum on Human Gastric Cancer through Akt-p53-Dependent Mitochondrial Apoptosis in Xenograft Models
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 17 ( 2022-08-29), p. 9788-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 17 ( 2022-08-29), p. 9788-
    Abstract: Paraprobiotics, inactivated microbial cells, regulate immune system and exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in patients with weakened immunity or the elderly. This study evaluated the anti-tumor effects of heat-killed Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus on human gastric cancer MKN1 cells in vitro and in vivo in xenograft animal models. First, cytotoxicity and apoptosis in MKN1 cells of 11 different heat-killed Bifidobacterium or Lactobacillus strains were examined using the MTT assay or flow cytometry, respectively. Then, BALB/c nude mice xenograft animal models were implanted with human gastric cancer MKN1 cells and orally administered a selected single or a mixture of heat-killed bacterial strains to investigate their inhibitory effect on tumor growth. In addition, the expression of p-Akt, p53, Bax, Bak, cleaved caspase-9, -3, and PARP in the tumor tissues was analyzed using Western blotting assay or immunohistochemistry staining. The results show that heat-killed B. bifidum MG731 (MG731), L. reuteri MG5346 (MG5346), and L. rhamnosus MG5200 (MG5200) induced relatively greater apoptosis than other strains in MKN1 cells. Oral administration of a single dose or a mixture of MG731, MG5346, or MG5200 significantly delayed tumor growth, and MG731 had the most effective anti-tumor effect in the xenograft model. Protein expression of p-Akt, p53, Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and -9, and PARP in tumors derived from the xenograft model correlated with the results of the immunohistochemistry staining.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179788
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reduction of Adipose Tissue Formation by the Controlled Release of BMP-2 Using a Hydroxyapatite-Coated Collagen Carrier System for Sinus-Augmentation/Extraction-Socket Grafting
    MDPI AG ; 2015
    In:  Materials Vol. 8, No. 11 ( 2015-11-11), p. 7634-7649
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 11 ( 2015-11-11), p. 7634-7649
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma8115411
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
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    Microwave Plasma Assisted Aerosol Deposition (μ-PAD) for Ceramic Coating Applications
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Ceramics Vol. 5, No. 4 ( 2022-12-02), p. 1174-1184
    Details
    In: Ceramics, MDPI AG, Vol. 5, No. 4 ( 2022-12-02), p. 1174-1184
    Abstract: To improve plasma and chemical resistance on various vacuum components used for semiconductor manufacturing equipment, various ceramic coating techniques have been applied. Among these methods for ceramic coating, the well-known atmospheric plasma spray (APS) is advantageous for providing thick film (100 µm or more) deposition. However, there are problems associated with the phase transition of the coating film and poor film quality due to formation of voids. To solve these problems, the aerosol deposition (AD) method has been developed. This method provides nice ceramic film quality. However, the coating rate is quite slow and has difficulty producing thick films ( 〉 30 µm). To overcome these limitations, microwave plasma-assisted aerosol deposition (μ-PAD) is applied at low vacuum conditions without the AD nozzle. This method uses a microwave plasma source during the AD process. After enduring a long-term durability test, as a trial run, μ-PAD has been applied on the actual process site. With the Al2O3 powder, μ-PAD shows a coating rate that is 12 times higher than the AD method. In addition, the formation of a thicker film (96 µm) deposition has been demonstrated. On the other hand, the coating film hardness, porosity, adhesion, and withstand voltage characteristics were confirmed to be less than the AD method.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2571-6131
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ceramics5040083
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2934565-0
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Zero-Shot Recognition Enhancement by Distance-Weighted Contextual Inference
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 10, No. 20 ( 2020-10-16), p. 7234-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 20 ( 2020-10-16), p. 7234-
    Abstract: Zero-shot recognition (ZSR) aims to perform visual classification by category in the absence of training samples. The focus in most traditional ZSR models is using semantic knowledge about familiar categories to represent unfamiliar categories with only the visual appearance of an unseen object. In this research, we consider not only visual information but context to enhance the classifier’s cognitive ability in a multi-object scene. We propose a novel method, contextual inference, that uses external resources such as knowledge graphs and semantic embedding spaces to obtain similarity measures between an unseen object and its surrounding objects. Using the intuition that close contexts involve more related associations than distant ones, distance weighting is applied to each piece of surrounding information with a newly defined distance calculation formula. We integrated contextual inference into traditional ZSR models to calibrate their visual predictions, and performed extensive experiments on two different datasets for comparative evaluations. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method through significant enhancements in performance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app10207234
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Anti-Tumor Effects of Heat-Killed L. reuteri MG5346 and L. casei MG4584 against Human Colorectal Carcinoma through Caspase-9-Dependent Apoptosis in Xenograft Model
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Microorganisms Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2022-02-28), p. 533-
    Details
    In: Microorganisms, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2022-02-28), p. 533-
    Abstract: In this study, we examined the anti-tumor effects of heat-killed Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains on human colorectal carcinoma RKO cells in in vitro and in vivo xenograft models. First, the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of 11 different strains were examined using an MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Then, xenograft BALB/c nude mice were implanted with RKO cells and orally administered with single or mixed heat-killed bacterial strains to examine their inhibitory effects on tumor growth. Additionally, the levels of cleaved caspase-9, -3, and -7 and PARP in tumor tissues were analyzed using Western blotting or immunohistochemistry staining. The results showed that RKO cells were highly susceptible to heat-killed B. bifidum MG731 and L. reuteri MG5346 and that L. casei MG4584 induced apoptosis to a greater extent than other strains. The oral administration of individual MG731, MG5346, or MG4584 significantly delayed tumor growth, and mixtures of MG5346 and MG4584 or MG731, MG5346, and MG4584 synergistically inhibited the tumor growth in the xenograft model. The expression of cleaved caspase-3, -7, and -9 and PARP in the tumor tissues was increased in Western blotting, and the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and PARP in immunohistochemistry staining was also increased. Therefore, we suggest that the use of the combination of MG5346 and MG4584 as parabiotics could effectively inhibit the growth of colorectal cancer.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2607
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030533
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720891-6
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  • 8
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    Hexagonal Boron Nitride Passivation Layer for Improving the Performance and Reliability of InGaN/GaN Light-Emitting Diodes
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 11, No. 19 ( 2021-10-08), p. 9321-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 19 ( 2021-10-08), p. 9321-
    Abstract: We introduce a low temperature process for coating InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with h-BN as a passivation layer. The effect of h-BN on device performance and reliability is investigated. At −5 V, the leakage current of the h-BN passivated LED was −1.15 × 10−9 A, which was one order lower than the reference LED’s leakage current of −1.09 × 10−8 A. The h-BN layer minimizes the leakage current characteristics and operating temperature by acting as a passivation and heat dispersion layer. With a reduced working temperature of 33 from 45 °C, the LED lifetime was extended 2.5 times following h-BN passivation. According to our findings, h-BN passivation significantly improves LED reliability.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app11199321
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 9
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    Micro Machining of Injection Mold Inserts for Fluidic Channel of Polymeric Biochips
    MDPI AG ; 2007
    In:  Sensors Vol. 7, No. 8 ( 2007-08-27), p. 1643-1654
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 8 ( 2007-08-27), p. 1643-1654
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s7081643
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 10
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    Integrative Radiogenomics Approach for Risk Assessment of Post-Operative Metastasis in Pathological T1 Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Pilot Retrospective Cohort Study
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Cancers Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2020-04-02), p. 866-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2020-04-02), p. 866-
    Abstract: Despite the increasing incidence of pathological stage T1 renal cell carcinoma (pT1 RCC), postoperative distant metastases develop in many surgically treated patients, causing death in certain cases. Therefore, this study aimed to create a radiomics model using imaging features from multiphase computed tomography (CT) to more accurately predict the postoperative metastasis of pT1 RCC and further investigate the possible link between radiomics parameters and gene expression profiles generated by whole transcriptome sequencing (WTS). Four radiomic features, including the minimum value of a histogram feature from inner regions of interest (ROIs) (INNER_Min_hist), the histogram of the energy feature from outer ROIs (OUTER_Energy_Hist), the maximum probability of gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) feature from inner ROIs (INNER_MaxProb_GLCM), and the ratio of voxels under 80 Hounsfield units (Hus) in the nephrographic phase of postcontrast CT (Under80HURatio), were detected to predict the postsurgical metastasis of patients with pathological stage T1 RCC, and the clinical outcomes of patients could be successfully stratified based on their radiomic risk scores. Furthermore, we identified heterogenous-trait-associated gene signatures correlated with these four radiomic features, which captured clinically relevant molecular pathways, tumor immune microenvironment, and potential treatment strategies. Our results of accurate surrogates using radiogenomics could lead to additional benefit from adjuvant therapy or postsurgical metastases in pT1 RCC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040866
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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