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  • 1
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    Effects of Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation Enhanced with Neuropsychological Treatment on Post-Acute SARS-CoV-2 Cognitive Impairment (Brain Fog): An Observational Study
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Brain Sciences Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2023-05-12), p. 791-
    Details
    In: Brain Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2023-05-12), p. 791-
    Abstract: Concentration and memory impairment (named “brain fog”) represents a frequent and disabling neuropsychological sequela in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS) patients. The aim of this study was to assess whether neurocognitive function could improve after a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program enhanced with individualized neuropsychological treatment. A prospective monocentric registry of PACS patients consecutively admitted to our Rehabilitation Unit was created. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to assess cognitive impairment at admission and discharge. A total of sixty-four (64) PACS patients, fifty-six (56) of them with brain fog, were treated with a day-by-day individualized psychological intervention of cognitive stimulation (45 min) on top of a standard in-hospital rehabilitation program. The mean duration of the acute-phase hospitalization was 55.8 ± 25.8 days and the mean in-hospital rehabilitation duration was 30 ± 10 days. The mean age of the patients was 67.3 ± 10.4 years, 66% of them were male, none had a previous diagnosis of dementia, and 66% of the entire sample had experienced severe COVID-19. At admission, only 12% of the patients had normal cognitive function, while 57% showed mild, 28% moderate, and 3% severe cognitive impairment. After psychological treatment, a significant improvement in the MoCA score was found (20.4 ± 5 vs. 24.7 ± 3.7; p 〈 0.0001) as a result of significant amelioration in the following domains: attention task (p = 0.014), abstract reasoning (p = 0.003), language repetition (p = 0.002), memory recall (p 〈 0.0001), orientation (p 〈 0.0001), and visuospatial abilities (p 〈 0.0001). Moreover, the improvement remained significant after multivariate analysis adjusted for several confounding factors. Finally, at discharge, 43% of the patients with cognitive impairment normalized their cognitive function, while 4.7% were discharged with residual moderate cognitive impairment. In conclusion, our study provides evidence of the effects of multidisciplinary rehabilitation enhanced with neuropsychological treatment on improvement in the cognitive function of post-acute COVID-19 patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050791
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651993-8
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  • 2
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    Accuracy of Inflow Inversion Recovery (IFIR) for Upper Abdominal Arteries Evaluation: Comparison with Contrast-Enhanced MR and CTA
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Diagnostics Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2022-03-28), p. 825-
    Details
    In: Diagnostics, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2022-03-28), p. 825-
    Abstract: Background: Inflow-sensitive inversion recovery (IFIR) is a recently introduced technique to perform unenhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). The purpose of our study is to determine the accuracy of IFIR-MRA in the evaluation of upper abdominal arteries, compared to standard MRA and computed tomography angiography (CTA). Materials and Methods: Seventy patients undergoing upper abdomen Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in different clinical settings were enrolled. The MRI protocol included an IFIR-MRA sequence that was intra-individually compared by using a qualitative 4-point scale in the same patients who underwent concomitant or close MRA (n = 65) and/or CTA (n = 44). Celiac trunk (CA), common-proper-left-right hepatic artery (C-P-L-R-HA), left gastric artery (LGA), gastroduodenal artery (GDA), splenic artery (SA), renal arteries (RA) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) were assessed. Results: IFIR-MRA images were better rated in comparison with MRA. Particularly, all arteries obtained a statistically significant higher qualitative rating value (all p 〈 0.05). IFIR-MRA and MRA exhibited acceptable intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) values for CA, C-L-R-HA, and SMA (ICC 0.507, 0.591, 0.615, 0.570, 0.525). IFIR-MRA and CTA showed significant correlations in C-P-L-R-HA (τ = 0.362, 0.261, 0.308, 0.307, respectively; p 〈 0.05), and in RA (τ = 0.279, p 〈 0.05). Conclusions: Compared to MRA, IFIR-MRA demonstrated a higher image quality in the majority of upper abdomen arterial vessels assessment. LHA and RHA branches could be better visualized with IFIR sequences, when visualizable. Based on these findings, we suggest to routinely integrate IFIR sequences in upper abdomen MRI studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4418
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12040825
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662336-5
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  • 3
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    The Influence of 5-HTTLPR, BDNF Rs6265 and COMT Rs4680 Polymorphisms on Impulsivity in Bipolar Disorder: The Role of Gender
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Genes Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2022-03-09), p. 482-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2022-03-09), p. 482-
    Abstract: Impulsivity has been proposed as an endophenotype for bipolar disorder (BD); moreover, impulsivity levels have been shown to carry prognostic significance and to be quality-of-life predictors. To date, reports about the genetic determinants of impulsivity in mood disorders are limited, with no studies on BD individuals. Individuals with BD and healthy controls (HC) were recruited in the context of an observational, multisite study (GECOBIP). Subjects were genotyped for three candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (5-HTTLPR, COMT rs4680, BDNF rs6265); impulsivity was measured through the Italian version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11). A mixed-effects regression model was built, with BIS scores as dependent variables, genotypes of the three polymorphisms as fixed effects, and centers of enrollment as random effect. Compared to HC, scores for all BIS factors were higher among subjects with euthymic BD (adjusted β for Total BIS score: 5.35, p 〈 0.001). No significant interaction effect was evident between disease status (HC vs. BD) and SNP status for any polymorphism. Considering the whole sample, BDNF Met/Met homozygosis was associated with lower BIS scores across all three factors (adjusted β for Total BIS score: −10.2, p 〈 0.001). A significant 5-HTTLPR x gender interaction was found for the SS genotype, associated with higher BIS scores in females only (adjusted β for Total BIS score: 12.0, p = 0.001). Finally, COMT polymorphism status was not significantly associated with BIS scores. In conclusion, BD diagnosis did not influence the effect on impulsivity scores for any of the three SNPs considered. Only one SNP—the BDNF rs6265 Met/Met homozygosis—was independently associated with lower impulsivity scores. The 5-HTTLPR SS genotype was associated with higher impulsivity scores in females only. Further studies adopting genome-wide screening in larger samples are needed to define the genetic basis of impulsivity in BD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes13030482
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527218-4
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  • 4
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    Algorithms for Vision-Based Quality Control of Circularly Symmetric Components
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sensors Vol. 23, No. 5 ( 2023-02-24), p. 2539-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 5 ( 2023-02-24), p. 2539-
    Abstract: Quality inspection in the industrial production field is experiencing a strong technological development that benefits from the combination of vision-based techniques with artificial intelligence algorithms. This paper initially addresses the problem of defect identification for circularly symmetric mechanical components, characterized by the presence of periodic elements. In the specific case of knurled washers, we compare the performances of a standard algorithm for the analysis of grey-scale image with a Deep Learning (DL) approach. The standard algorithm is based on the extraction of pseudo-signals derived from the conversion of the grey scale image of concentric annuli. In the DL approach, the component inspection is shifted from the entire sample to specific areas repeated along the object profile where the defect may occur. The standard algorithm provides better results in terms of accuracy and computational time with respect to the DL approach. Nevertheless, DL reaches accuracy higher than 99% when performance is evaluated targeting the identification of damaged teeth. The possibility of extending the methods and the results to other circularly symmetrical components is analyzed and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s23052539
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 5
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    N-3 Polyunsatured Fatty Acids in Menopausal Transition: A Systematic Review of Depressive and Cognitive Disorders with Accompanying Vasomotor Symptoms
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 19, No. 7 ( 2018-06-23), p. 1849-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 7 ( 2018-06-23), p. 1849-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071849
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
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    Diagnostic Value of Whole-Body MRI Short Protocols in Bone Lesion Detection in Multiple Myeloma Patients
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Diagnostics Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2021-06-08), p. 1053-
    Details
    In: Diagnostics, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2021-06-08), p. 1053-
    Abstract: The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of short whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WBMRI) protocols for the overall assessment of bone marrow involvement in patients with multiple myeloma (MM), in comparison with standard whole-body MRI protocol. Patients with biopsy-proven MM, who underwent a WBMRI with full-body coverage (from vertex to feet) were retrospectively enrolled. WBMRI images were independently evaluated by two expert radiologists, in terms of infiltration patterns (normal, focal, diffuse, and combined), according to location (the whole skeleton was divided into six anatomic districts: skull, spine, sternum and ribs, upper limbs, pelvis and proximal two-thirds of the femur, remaining parts of lower limbs) and lytic lesions number ( 〈 5, 5–20, and 〉 20). The majority of patients showed focal and combined infiltration patterns with bone lesions predominantly distributed in the spine and pelvis. As skull and lower limbs are less frequently involved by focal bone lesions, excluding them from the standard MRI protocol allows to obtain a shorter protocol, maintaining a good diagnostic value.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4418
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11061053
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662336-5
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  • 7
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    Evaluation of Drug—Drug Interactions in EGFR-Mutated Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients during Treatment with Tyrosine-Kinase Inhibitors
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Personalized Medicine Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2021-05-18), p. 424-
    Details
    In: Journal of Personalized Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2021-05-18), p. 424-
    Abstract: (1) Background. The onset of a drug–drug interaction (DDI) may affect treatment efficacy and toxicity of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) patients during epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine-kinase inhibitor (TKI) use. Here we present the use of Drug-PIN® (Personalized Interactions Network) software to detect DDIs in aNSCLC patients undergoing EGFR-TKIs. (2) Methods. We enrolled patients with Stage IV aNSCLC already treated with or candidates to receive EGFR-TKIs, in any line; ECOG PS 0–2; taking at least one concomitant drug. Cancer treatments, concomitant drugs, and clinical and laboratory data were collected and inserted in Drug-PIN®. (3) Results. Ninety-two patients, median age of 68.5 years (range 43–89), were included. In total, 20 clinically relevant DDIs needing medical intervention in a total of 14 patients were identified; the 14 major DDIs were related to a high-grade interaction between TKIs and SSRIs, antipsychotics, antiepileptics, H2-receptor antagonist and calcium antagonists. A negative association between statin intake and PFS was identified (p = 0.02; HR 0.281, 95% CI 0.096–0.825). (4) Conclusions. This is the first retrospective study assessing the prevalence of DDIs, the clinical need for medical intervention and the impact of concomitant drugs on EGFR-TKIs survival in aNSCLC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4426
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jpm11050424
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662248-8
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  • 8
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    Brain Anatomical Mediators of GRIN2B Gene Association with Attention/Hyperactivity Problems: An Integrated Genetic-Neuroimaging Study
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Genes Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2021-07-30), p. 1193-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2021-07-30), p. 1193-
    Abstract: This study aims to investigate the genetic and neural determinants of attention and hyperactivity problems. Using a proof-of-concept imaging genetics mediation design, we explore the relationship between the glutamatergic GRIN2B gene variants and inattention/hyperactivity with neuroanatomical measures as intermediates. Fifty-eight children and adolescents were evaluated for behavioral problems at three time points over approximately 7 years. The final assessment included blood drawing for genetic analyses and 3T magnetic resonance imaging. Attention/hyperactivity problems based on the Child Behavior Checklist/6-18, six GRIN2B polymorphisms and regional cortical thickness, and surface area and volume were estimated. Using general linear model (GLM) and mediation analyses, we tested whether GRIN2B exerted an influence on stable inattention/hyperactivity over development, and to what extent this effect was mediated by brain morphology. GLM results enlightened the relation between GRIN2B rs5796555-/A, volume in the left cingulate isthmus and inferior parietal cortices and inattention/hyperactivity. The mediation results showed that rs5796555-/A effect on inattention/hyperactivity was partially mediated by volume in the left isthmus of the cingulate cortex, suggesting a key role of this region in translating glutamatergic GRIN2B variations to attention/hyperactivity problems. This evidence can have important implications in the management of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes12081193
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527218-4
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  • 9
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    The Role of Cholesterol and Fatty Acids in the Etiology and Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 7 ( 2021-03-29), p. 3550-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 7 ( 2021-03-29), p. 3550-
    Abstract: Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders whose pathogenesis seems to be related to an imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory synapses, which leads to disrupted connectivity during brain development. Among the various biomarkers that have been evaluated in the last years, metabolic factors represent a bridge between genetic vulnerability and environmental aspects. In particular, cholesterol homeostasis and circulating fatty acids seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of ASDs, both through the contribute in the stabilization of cell membranes and the modulation of inflammatory factors. The purpose of the present review is to summarize the available data about the role of cholesterol and fatty acids, mainly long-chain ones, in the onset of ASDs. A bibliographic research on the main databases was performed and 36 studies were included in our review. Most of the studies document a correlation between ASDs and hypocholesterolemia, while the results concerning circulating fatty acids are less univocal. Even though further studies are necessary to confirm the available data, the metabolic biomarkers open to new treatment options such as the modulation of the lipid pattern through the diet.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073550
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    Evaluation of Different Adiposity Indices and Association with Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Obese Children: Is there a Winner?
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 11 ( 2020-06-08), p. 4083-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 11 ( 2020-06-08), p. 4083-
    Abstract: Body shape index (ABSI) and triponderal mass index (TMI) have been recently associated with cardiovascular risk in adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between different anthropometric adiposity indexes and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Caucasian obese children and adolescents. Consecutive obese children aged ≥7 years have been enrolled. Anthropometric parameters, body composition (by bioelectrical impedance), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure have been measured. Fasting blood samples have been analyzed for lipids, insulin, glucose. A multivariate logistic regression analyses, with body mass index z-score, waist to height ratio, ABSI z-score, TMI, conicity index as predictors for MetS (IDEFICS and IDF criteria according to age) has been performed. Four hundred and three (179 boys and 224 girls) obese children, aged 7–20 years, have been evaluated. When we explored the joint contribution of each anthropometric and adiposity index of interest and BMIz on the risk of MetS, we found that the inclusion of ABSIz improved the prediction of MetS compared to BMIz alone. ABSI-BMI can be a useful index for evaluating the relative contribution of central obesity to cardiometabolic risk in clinical management of obese children and adolescents.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114083
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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