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  • Cambridge University Press (CUP)  (5)
  • English  (5)
  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Mineralogical, chemical, organic and microbial properties of subsurface soil cores from Mars Desert Research Station (Utah, USA): Phyllosilicate and sulfate analogues to Mars mission landing sites
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2011
    In:  International Journal of Astrobiology Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2011-07), p. 269-289
    Details
    In: International Journal of Astrobiology, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2011-07), p. 269-289
    Abstract: We collected and analysed soil cores from four geologic units surrounding Mars Desert Research Station (MDRS) Utah, USA, including Mancos Shale, Dakota Sandstone, Morrison formation (Brushy Basin member) and Summerville formation. The area is an important geochemical and morphological analogue to terrains on Mars. Soils were analysed for mineralogy by a Terra X-ray diffractometer (XRD), a field version of the CheMin instrument on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission (2012 landing). Soluble ion chemistry, total organic content and identity and distribution of microbial populations were also determined. The Terra data reveal that Mancos and Morrison soils are rich in phyllosilicates similar to those observed on Mars from orbital measurements (montmorillonite, nontronite and illite). Evaporite minerals observed include gypsum, thenardite, polyhalite and calcite. Soil chemical analysis shows sulfate the dominant anion in all soils and SO 4 〉 〉 CO 3 , as on Mars. The cation pattern Na 〉 Ca 〉 Mg is seen in all soils except for the Summerville where Ca 〉 Na. In all soils, SO 4 correlates with Na, suggesting sodium sulfates are the dominant phase. Oxidizable organics are low in all soils and range from a high of 0.7% in the Mancos samples to undetectable at a detection limit of 0.1% in the Morrison soils. Minerals rich in chromium and vanadium were identified in Morrison soils that result from diagenetic replacement of organic compounds. Depositional environment, geologic history and mineralogy all affect the ability to preserve and detect organic compounds. Subsurface biosphere populations were revealed to contain organisms from all three domains (Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya) with cell density between 3.0×10 6 and 1.8×10 7 cells ml −1 at the deepest depth. These measurements are analogous to data that could be obtained on future robotic or human Mars missions and results are relevant to the MSL mission that will investigate phyllosilicates on Mars.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1473-5504 , 1475-3006
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1473550411000115
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2079707-2
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 16,12
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  • 2
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    The case for strategic international alliances to harness nutritional genomics for public and personal health
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2005
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 94, No. 5 ( 2005-11), p. 623-632
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 94, No. 5 ( 2005-11), p. 623-632
    Abstract: Nutrigenomics is the study of how constituents of the diet interact with genes, and their products, to alter phenotype and, conversely, how genes and their products metabolise these constituents into nutrients, antinutrients, and bioactive compounds. Results from molecular and genetic epidemiological studies indicate that dietary unbalance can alter gene–nutrient interactions in ways that increase the risk of developing chronic disease. The interplay of human genetic variation and environmental factors will make identifying causative genes and nutrients a formidable, but not intractable, challenge. We provide specific recommendations for how to best meet this challenge and discuss the need for new methodologies and the use of comprehensive analyses of nutrient–genotype interactions involving large and diverse populations. The objective of the present paper is to stimulate discourse and collaboration among nutrigenomic researchers and stakeholders, a process that will lead to an increase in global health and wellness by reducing health disparities in developed and developing countries.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1079/BJN20051585
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016047-1
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21
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  • 3
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    Decadal-scale changes in the climate and biota of the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean, 1950s to the 1990s
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2005
    In:  Antarctic Science Vol. 17, No. 2 ( 2005-06), p. 171-182
    Details
    In: Antarctic Science, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 17, No. 2 ( 2005-06), p. 171-182
    Abstract: Simultaneous, but contrary, decadal-scale changes in population trajectories of two penguin species in the western Pacific and Ross Sea sectors of the Southern Ocean, during the early/mid-1970s and again during 1988–89, correspond to changes in weather and sea ice patterns. These in turn are related to shifts in the semi-annual and Antarctic oscillations. Populations of the two ecologically dissimilar penguin species - Adélie Pygoscelis adeliae and emperor Aptenodytes forsteri - have been tallied annually since the 1950s making these the longest biological datasets for the Antarctic. Both species are obligates of sea ice and, therefore, allowing for the demographic lags inherent in the response of long-lived species to habitat or environmental variation, the proximate mechanisms responsible for the shifts involved changes in coastal wind strength and air and sea temperatures, which in turn affected the seasonal formation and decay of sea ice and polynyas. The latter probably affected such rates as the proportion of adults breeding and ultimately the reproductive output of populations in ways consistent with the two species' opposing sea ice needs. Corresponding patterns for the mid-1970s shift were reflected also in ice-obligate Weddell seal Leptonychotes weddelli populations and the structure of shallow-water sponge communities in the Ross Sea. The 1988–89 shift, by which time many more datasets had become available, was reflected among several ice-frequenting vertebrate species from all Southern Ocean sectors. Therefore, the patterns most clearly identified in the Pacific Sector were apparently spread throughout the high latitudes of the Southern Ocean.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0954-1020 , 1365-2079
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0954102005002567
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2104104-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1009128-2
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    SSG: 13
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  • 4
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    Omitted Variables, Countervailing Effects, and the Possibility of Overadjustment
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2018
    In:  Political Science Research and Methods Vol. 6, No. 2 ( 2018-04), p. 343-354
    Details
    In: Political Science Research and Methods, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 6, No. 2 ( 2018-04), p. 343-354
    Abstract: The effect of conditioning on an additional covariate on confounding bias depends, in part, on covariates that are unobserved. We characterize the conditions under which the interaction between a covariate that is available for conditioning and one that is not can affect bias. When the confounding effects of two covariates, one of which is observed, are countervailing (in opposite directions), conditioning on the observed covariate can increase bias. We demonstrate this possibility analytically, and then show that these conditions are not rare in actual data. We also consider whether balance tests or sensitivity analysis can be used to justify the inclusion of an additional covariate. Our results indicate that neither provide protection against overadjustment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2049-8470 , 2049-8489
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/psrm.2016.46
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720465-0
    SSG: 3,6
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  • 5
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    Complications relating to perfusion and extracorporeal circulation associated with the treatment of patients with congenital cardiac disease: Consensus Definitions from the Multi-Societal Database Committee for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2008
    In:  Cardiology in the Young Vol. 18, No. S2 ( 2008-12), p. 206-214
    Details
    In: Cardiology in the Young, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 18, No. S2 ( 2008-12), p. 206-214
    Abstract: The International Consortium for Evidence-Based Perfusion ( www.bestpracticeperfusion.org ) is a collaborative partnership of societies of perfusionists, professional medical societies, and interested clinicians, whose aim is to promote the continuous improvement of the delivery of care and outcomes for patients undergoing extracorporeal circulation. Despite the many advances made throughout the history of cardiopulmonary bypass, significant variation in practice and potential for complication remains. To help address this issue, the International Consortium for Evidence-Based Perfusion has joined the Multi-Societal Database Committee for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease to develop a list of complications in congenital cardiac surgery related to extracorporeal circulation conducted via cardiopulmonary bypass, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, or mechanical circulatory support devices, which include ventricular assist devices and intra-aortic balloon pumps. Understanding and defining the complications that may occur related to extracorporeal circulation in congenital patients is requisite for assessing and subsequently improving the care provided to the patients we serve. The aim of this manuscript is to identify and define the myriad of complications directly related to the extracorporeal circulation of congenital patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1047-9511 , 1467-1107
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1047951108003065
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2060876-7
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