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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pieces of the ancient lunar crust: Ages and composition of clasts in consortium breccia 67915
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1983
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth Vol. 88, No. S01 ( 1983-11-10)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 88, No. S01 ( 1983-11-10)
    Abstract: We discuss the composition and chronology of clasts representing three minor lithologies in consortium breccia 67915. The lithologies studied are: sodic ferrogabbro, pristine troctolitic anorthosite (67915,26), and granulitic troctolitic anorthosite (67915,67). These lithologies were presumed to represent samples of the ancient lunar crust. The pristine troctolitic anorthosite, a typical member of the pristine anorthosite suite, contains little or no trapped liquid consistent with its two‐phase mineralogy. The plagioclase separates have 39 Ar‐ 40 Ar plateau ages of 4.10±0.06 b.y., and a final rise in the age pattern may represent a ‘memory’ of the earlier evolution. The granulitic troctolitic anorthosite, which has 13 times larger REE abundances, displays a continuous rise of the 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ratio. The last 25% of the 39 Ar release data establish a minimum age of 〉 3.5 b.y., but the 244 Pu/Nd chronology suggests an age of ∼4.3 b.y. The sodic ferrogabbro samples, which appear to be members of the Mg‐gabbronorite group of pristine rocks, show large Ar losses but indicate plateaus in the low‐temperature data, suggesting a metamorphic event more recently than 260 m.y. ago, a time that is consistent with the North Ray impact event 50 m.y. ago.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/JB088iS01p0B165
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1983
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Ordering in Aromatic Polyesters
    Informa UK Limited ; 1984
    In:  Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Vol. 105, No. 1 ( 1984-3-1), p. 289-303
    Details
    In: Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 105, No. 1 ( 1984-3-1), p. 289-303
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1542-1406
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/00268948408071659
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 1984
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  • 3
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    Cosmic ray exposure histories and 235 U‐ 136 Xe dating of Apollo 11, Apollo 12, and Apollo 17 mare basalts
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1984
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth Vol. 89, No. S01 ( 1984-11-15)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 89, No. S01 ( 1984-11-15)
    Abstract: The history of exposure to cosmic rays was studied for nine basaltic rocks based on the cosmic‐ray‐produced noble gas isotopes. The results for the five basalts 10003, 10047, 12004, 12051, and 77135 are consistent with a single‐stage exposure. Four basalts, 10057, 10069, 12040, and 12053, experienced a multistage exposure. Using the 235 U‐ 136 Xe dating method, the time of their early exposure to cosmic rays on the lunar surface was dated to have begun 3–4 aeons ago, immediately after rock formation as defined by their crystallization ages. The durations and shielding depths for the proposed two‐stage exposure models of the four basalts were calculated. From the shielding at the early stage we estimate a lower limit of 50 cm for the thickness of the lava flows from which the investigated basalts originate.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/JB089iS01p0C171
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1984
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Cosmic ray exposure histories of Apollo 14, Apollo 15, and Apollo 16 rocks
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1984
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth Vol. 89, No. S02 ( 1984-02-15)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 89, No. S02 ( 1984-02-15)
    Abstract: We investigate the exposure history of six lunar rocks using the abundances of cosmic‐ray produced noble gas isotopes and the 81 Kr‐Kr ages. Single‐stage exposure histories are inferred for basalt 14053, breccia 14305, and anorthosite 65315. We propose that basalt 14053 with a 81 Kr‐Kr age of 21.2±5.0 m.y. is a Cone crater ejecta and that anorthosite 65315 (1.3±0.7 m.y.) originates from South Ray crater. We present a comprehensive comparison of all cosmogenic noble gas ratios and abundances for rocks with single‐stage exposure and show that the agreement with values predicted by nuclear systematics and target element chemistry is good, in particular for isotope ratios. Basalt 14310 experienced a multistage exposure. The apparent 81 Kr‐Kr age, the depth sensitive isotopic ratios, and fission 136 Xe, mainly from 235 U induced by secondary cosmic‐ray neutrons, lead to the conclusion that this sample was preexposed 1.75 AE ago to cosmic rays for a duration of 350 m.y. Basalt 15058 and anorthosite 15415 also reveal multistage exposures. The abundance of the radionuclide 81 Kr in 15058 increases toward the surface of the rock, reflecting an enhanced production rate due to solar flare particles, whereas stable 83 Kr concentrations are constant with increasing depth within the rock. This indicates that basalt 15058 received most of its irradiation in a more shielded location than that effective during the last million years.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/JB089iS02p0B498
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1984
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Production and transport of O ++ in the ionosphere and plasmasphere
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1981
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Vol. 86, No. A6 ( 1981-06), p. 4739-4750
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 86, No. A6 ( 1981-06), p. 4739-4750
    Abstract: The abundance ratio of O ++ /O + has been observed to reach values of unity and above in the equatorial plasmasphere at L ∼3. This is two to three orders of magnitude greater than the relative O ++ abundance at corresponding latitudes in the topside ionosphere. In this paper we pursue our earlier suggestion that thermal diffusion of O ++ , driven by the temperature gradient between the ionosphere and equatorial plasmasphere, is responsible. We have carried out this study by numerically integrating the time dependent diffusion equation for equinox conditions. Recent plasmaspheric data from the GEOS‐1 spacecraft have been incorporated into a realistic model of the temperature and densities of major ion species extending from the ionosphere to the equatorial plane. Convection as well as local time variations and details of ion chemistry have been included in the model. Our main conclusion is that only thermal diffusion can account for observations of O ++ /O + ∼1 in the equatorial plasmasphere. Furthermore, we have found that there is a threshold temperature gradient between ionosphere and equatorial plasmasphere, corresponding to an equatorial temperature at L = 3 of ≃5000 K, below which thermal diffusion becomes ineffective.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/JA086iA06p04739
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1981
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Correlations of magnetospheric ion composition with geomagnetic and solar activity
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1982
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Vol. 87, No. A11 ( 1982-11), p. 9077-9096
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 87, No. A11 ( 1982-11), p. 9077-9096
    Abstract: A large ion composition data set consisting of 1‐month averages has been assembled for the energy per charge range 0.9–15.9 keV/e. It includes 48 months of data taken by the Ion Composition Experiments on the ESA/GEOS 1 and 2 satellites at or near geostationary orbit. Data were obtained during the rising and maximum phases of the current solar cycle from May 1977 through November 1981 inclusive. Five ion species are routinely identifiable: H + , He ++ , He + , O ++ , and O + , above a limiting density ∼10 −3 ions cm −3 . Ion densities exhibit a number of very striking statistical correlations with one another and with both Kp and solar EUV as measured by F 10.7 . One principal result is that increases in the densities of magnetospheric He + , O ++ , and O + are observed that are apparently due entirely to increased solar EUV fluxes associated with the rising phase of the current solar cycle. There is a marked rise in O + density by a factor of ∼8 with increasing geomagnetic activity, but no corresponding increase in either He + or O ++ and only a small increase in H + . The He ++ /H + ratio is found to be remarkably constant at ≈0.01. Contrary to ion density results, little or no variation is found in mean energy. These observations are interpreted in terms of the composition and dynamics of two sources of magnetospheric plasma: the solar wind and the high‐latitude topside ionosphere.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/JA087iA11p09077
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1982
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  • 7
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    Observed increase in the abundance of kilovolt O+ in the magnetosphere due to solar cycle effects
    Elsevier BV ; 1981
    In:  Advances in Space Research Vol. 1, No. 1 ( 1981-1), p. 309-312
    Details
    In: Advances in Space Research, Elsevier BV, Vol. 1, No. 1 ( 1981-1), p. 309-312
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0273-1177
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/0273-1177(81)90126-5
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 1981
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  • 8
    Online Resource
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    Trapping of low-energy helium ions in polycrystalline al and Pt and in BeO and anodic Al 2 O 3 films at room temperature
    Informa UK Limited ; 1980
    In:  Radiation Effects Vol. 46, No. 1-2 ( 1980-01), p. 1-5
    Details
    In: Radiation Effects, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 46, No. 1-2 ( 1980-01), p. 1-5
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-7579
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/00337578008209145
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 1980
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  • 9
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    Observations of the velocity distribution of solar wind ions
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1980
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Vol. 85, No. A11 ( 1980-11), p. 6069-6074
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 85, No. A11 ( 1980-11), p. 6069-6074
    Abstract: Measurements made by the Isee 3 ion composition experiment have been used to determine the kinetic temperatures of 3 He ++ , 4 He ++ , 16 O 6+ , and 16 O 7+ in the solar wind. It is found that these temperatures generally obey the relation that T i /m i = const, but fluctuations, some of which are caused by dynamical effects in the flow, are observed. Whether this relation applies to ions with masses greater than 16 requires more analysis to determine. The temperature of oxygen sometimes rises above 10 6 °K, which is very strong evidence for heating outside the collisional region of the corona. The tendency toward equal temperatures per nucleon occurs everywhere where collisions are unimportant, suggesting that the temperatures are set up close to the sun rather than elsewhere in the interplanetary medium. The velocity distribution function of helium is observed to be non‐Maxwellian, with a pronounced high velocity tail. As this is one condition for heating by wave dissipation, this mechanism must still be considered as a heating mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/JA085iA11p06069
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1980
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Interpretation of3He abundance variations in the solar wind
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 1984
    In:  Solar Physics Vol. 93, No. 2 ( 1984-7), p. 415-434
    Details
    In: Solar Physics, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 93, No. 2 ( 1984-7), p. 415-434
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0038-0938 , 1573-093X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/BF02270852
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 1984
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