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  • MDPI AG  (37)
  • English  (37)
  • 2015-2019  (37)
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  • MDPI AG  (37)
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  • 2015-2019  (37)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Supplementation of Saponins from Leaves of Panax quinquefolius Mitigates Cisplatin-Evoked Cardiotoxicity via Inhibiting Oxidative Stress-Associated Inflammation and Apoptosis in Mice
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 8, No. 9 ( 2019-09-01), p. 347-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 9 ( 2019-09-01), p. 347-
    Abstract: Background: Although kidney injury caused by cisplatin has attracted much attention, cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity is elusive. Our previous studies have confirmed that saponins (ginsenosides) from Panax quinquefolius can effectively reduce acute renal injuries. Our current study aimed to identify the potential effects of saponins from leaves of P. quinquefolius (PQS) on cisplatin-evoked cardiotoxicity. Methods: Mice were intragastrically with PQS at the doses of 125 and 250 mg/kg daily for 15 days. The mice in cisplatin group and PQS + cisplatin groups received four times intraperitoneal injections of cisplatin (3 mg/kg) two days at a time from the 7th day, respectively. All mice were killed at 48 h following final cisplatin injection. Body weights, blood and organic samples were collected immediately. Results: Our results showed that cisplatin-challenged mice experienced a remarkable cardiac damage with obvious histopathological changes and elevation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) concentrations and viabilities in serum. Cisplatin also impaired antioxidative defense system in heart tissues manifested by a remarkable reduction in reduced glutathione (GSH) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, demonstrating the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. Interestingly, PQS (125 and 250 mg/kg) can attenuate cisplatin-evoked changes in the above-mentioned parameters. Additionally, PQS administration significantly alleviated the oxidation resulted from inflammatory responses and apoptosis in cardiac tissues via inhibition of overexpressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, Bax, and Bad as well as the caspase family members like caspase-3, and 8, respectively. Conclusion: Findings from our present research clearly indicated that PQS exerted significant effects on cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity in part by inhibition of the NF-κB activity and regulation of PI3K/Akt/apoptosis mediated signaling pathways.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090347
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Molecular Characterization, Expression and Functional Analysis of Chicken STING
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 19, No. 12 ( 2018-11-22), p. 3706-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 12 ( 2018-11-22), p. 3706-
    Abstract: Innate immunity is an essential line of defense against pathogen invasion which is gained at birth, and the mechanism involved is mainly to identify pathogen-associated molecular patterns through pattern recognition receptors. STING (stimulator of interferon genes) is a signal junction molecule that hosts the perception of viral nucleic acids and produces type I interferon response, which plays a crucial role in innate immunity. However, relatively few studies have investigated the molecular characterization, tissue distribution, and potential function of STING in chickens. In this study, we cloned the full-length cDNA of chicken STING that is composed of 1341 bp. Sequence analyses revealed that STING contains a 1140-bp open-reading frame that probably encodes a 379-amino acid protein. Multiple sequence alignments showed that the similarity of the chicken STING gene to other birds is higher than that of mammals. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays revealed that STING is highly expressed in the spleen, thymus and bursa of fabricious in chickens. Furthermore, we observed that STING expression was significantly upregulated both in vitro and in vivo following infection with Newcastle disease virus (NDV). STING expression was also significantly upregulated in chicken embryo fibroblasts upon stimulation with poly(I:C) or poly(dA:dT). Taken together, these findings suggest that STING plays an important role in antiviral signaling pathways in chickens.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123706
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Breeding Site Characteristics and Associated Factors of Culex pipiens Complex in Lhasa, Tibet, P. R. China
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 16, No. 8 ( 2019-04-18), p. 1407-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 8 ( 2019-04-18), p. 1407-
    Abstract: Characterizing the breeding sites of Culex pipiens complex is of major importance for the control of West Nile disease and other related diseases. However, little information is available about the characteristics and associated factors of the breeding sites of the Cx. pipiens complex in Lhasa, a representative high-altitude region in Southwestern China. In this study, a cross-sectional study concerning the breeding site characteristics and associated factors of the Cx. pipiens complex was carried out in Lhasa, Tibet from 2013–2016. Chi-square analysis and binary logistic regression analysis were applied to identify the key factors associated with the presence of Cx. pipiens complex larvae. Using a standard dipping method, 184 water bodies were examined and Cx. pipiens complex larvae were observed in 36 (19.57%) of them. There were significant differences in the composition of Cx. pipiens complex larvae among the breeding site stability (χ2 = 19.08, p = 0.00) and presence or absence of predators (χ2 = 6.986, p = 0.008). Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that breeding site stability and presence or absence of predators were significantly associated with the presence of Cx. pipiens complex larvae in Chengguan District, Lhasa. Relatively permanent water bodies such as water bodies along river fringes, ponds and puddles, and water bodies with no predators should be paid more attention for future Cx. pipiens complex larvae abatement campaigns in Lhasa, China.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16081407
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Key Anti-Fibrosis Associated Long Noncoding RNAs Identified in Human Hepatic Stellate Cell via Transcriptome Sequencing Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 19, No. 3 ( 2018-02-27), p. 675-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 3 ( 2018-02-27), p. 675-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030675
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Hybrid Camera Array-Based UAV Auto-Landing on Moving UGV in GPS-Denied Environment
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2018-11-19), p. 1829-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2018-11-19), p. 1829-
    Abstract: With the rapid development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) systems, the autonomous landing of a UAV on a moving Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) has received extensive attention as a key technology. At present, this technology is confronted with such problems as operating in GPS-denied environments, a low accuracy of target location, the poor precision of the relative motion estimation, delayed control responses, slow processing speeds, and poor stability. To address these issues, we present a hybrid camera array-based autonomous landing UAV that can land on a moving UGV in a GPS-denied environment. We first built a UAV autonomous landing system with a hybrid camera array comprising a fisheye lens camera and a stereo camera. Then, we integrated a wide Field of View (FOV) and depth imaging for locating the UGV accurately. In addition, we employed a state estimation algorithm based on motion compensation for establishing the motion state of the ground moving UGV, including its actual motion direction and speed. Thereafter, according to the characteristics of the designed system, we derived a nonlinear controller based on the UGV motion state to ensure that the UGV and UAV maintain the same motion state, which allows autonomous landing. Finally, to evaluate the performance of the proposed system, we carried out a large number of simulations in AirSim and conducted real-world experiments. Through the qualitative and quantitative analyses of the experimental results, as well as the analysis of the time performance, we verified that the autonomous landing performance of the system in the GPS-denied environment is effective and robust.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs10111829
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Newly Discovered Phenylethanoid Glycoside from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni Affects Insulin Secretion in Rat INS-1 Islet β Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Molecules Vol. 24, No. 22 ( 2019-11-18), p. 4178-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 22 ( 2019-11-18), p. 4178-
    Abstract: The tea-like beverage Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (Stevia) is popular in China because it reduces blood glucose and has a sweet taste. In this work, a comprehensive quality assessment of Stevia led to the discovery of five phenylethanoid glycosides, namely steviophethanoside (1), cuchiloside (2), salidroside (3), icariside D (4), and tyrosol (5). Of them, compound 1 is a novel compound. Mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy were employed to confirm the absolute configuration. A hydrolytic step with 4 N TFA at 95 °C for 4 h was used to confirm the monosaccharides. In addition, Discovery Studio 4.0 was used to predict the ADME and toxicity activity of compound 1. The results suggested that compound 1 was biocompatible and had poor toxicity, which was verified by rat INS-1 islet β cells through an MTT assay. Meanwhile, a significant stimulatory effect on INS-1 cells was observed, which indicated a hypoglycemic effect of compound 1. This is the first report that describes a natural, novel, and hypoglycemic phenylethanoid glycoside in Stevia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224178
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Heat Treatment Influence on the Microstructure and Hardness of TC4 Titanium Alloy Manufactured via Selective Laser Melting
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Materials Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2018-07-30), p. 1318-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2018-07-30), p. 1318-
    Abstract: In this research, the effect of several heat treatments on the microstructure and microhardness of TC4 (Ti6Al4V) titanium alloy processed by selective laser melting (SLM) is studied. The results showed that the original acicular martensite α′-phase in the TC4 alloy formed by SLM is converted into a lamellar mixture of α + β for heat treatment temperatures below the critical temperature (T0 at approximately 893 °C). With the increase of heat treatment temperature, the size of the lamellar mixture structure inside of the TC4 part gradually grows. When the heat treatment temperature is above T0, because the cooling rate is relatively steep, the β-phase recrystallization transforms into a compact secondary α-phase, and a basketweave structure can be found because the primary α-phase develop and connect or cross each other with different orientations. The residence time for TC4 SLM parts when the treatment temperature is below the critical temperature has little influence: both the α-phase and the β-phase will tend to coarsen but hinder each other, thereby limiting grain growth. The microhardness gradually decreases with increasing temperature when the TC4 SLM part is treated below the critical temperature. Conversely, the microhardness increases significantly with increasing temperature when the TC4 SLM part is treated above the critical temperature.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma11081318
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Haplotype and Haplotype-Environment Interaction Analysis Revealed Roles of SPRY2 for NSCL/P among Chinese Populations
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 16, No. 4 ( 2019-02-15), p. 557-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 4 ( 2019-02-15), p. 557-
    Abstract: Non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is one of common birth defects in China, with genetic and environmental components contributing to the etiology. Genome wide association studies (GWASs) have identified SPRY1 and SPRY2 to be associated with NSCL/P among Chinese populations. This study aimed to further explore potential genetic effect and gene—environment interaction among SPRY genes based on haplotype analysis, using 806 Chinese case—parent NSCL/P trios drawn from an international consortium which conducted a genome-wide association study. After the process of quality control, 190 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of SPRY genes were included for analyses. Haplotype and haplotype—environment interaction analyses were conducted in Population-Based Association Test (PBAT) software. A 2-SNP haplotype and three 3-SNP haplotypes showed a significant association with the risk of NSCL/P after Bonferroni correction (corrected significance level = 2.6 × 10−4). Moreover, haplotype—environment interaction analysis identified these haplotypes respectively showing statistically significant interactions with maternal multivitamin supplementation or maternal environmental tobacco smoke. This study showed SPRY2 to be associated with NSCL/P among the Chinese population through not only gene effects, but also a gene—environment interaction, highlighting the importance of considering environmental exposures in the genetic etiological study of NSCL/P.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16040557
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Parameter Matching and Optimization of a Hybrid Type DC SFCL Considering the Transient Characteristics of VSC-Based DC Systems
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Energies Vol. 12, No. 18 ( 2019-09-13), p. 3522-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 18 ( 2019-09-13), p. 3522-
    Abstract: Voltage source converter-based (VSC-based) DC systems play an important role in connecting large-scale renewable energy and distributed energy, but they are vulnerable to DC short-circuit fault and lacks mature protection devices and appropriate protection strategies. Therefore, a hybrid type DC superconducting fault current limiter (H-SFCL) is proposed and the current limiting mechanism of the SFCL is analyzed. According to the requirements and strategies for protection, several different effective parameter matching and optimization methods of the H-SFCL are proposed by combining optimization algorithms and two short-circuit transient calculation models of VSC-based DC systems. The optimization methods proposed in this paper are compared and analyzed in terms of convergence, running time, calculation range and stability of optimization results, revealing their respective calculation characteristics. Finally, the effectiveness of parameter matching and optimization methods are well validated by comparison and analysis of simulation. The proposed methods can select a good parameter matching scheme of the H-SFCL to deal with different requirements.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en12183522
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Limonoids Containing a C1–O–C29 Moiety: Isolation, Structural Modification, and Antiviral Activity
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Marine Drugs Vol. 16, No. 11 ( 2018-11-04), p. 434-
    Details
    In: Marine Drugs, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 11 ( 2018-11-04), p. 434-
    Abstract: Five new limonoids named thaigranatins A–E (1–5), containing a C1–O–C29 moiety, were isolated from seeds of the Thai Xylocarpus granatum, collected at the mangrove swamp of Trang Province, together with the known limonoid, granatumin L (6). The structures of these compounds were established by HR-ESIMS and extensive NMR spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of 1 was unequivocally determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, conducted with Cu Kα radiation; whereas that of 2 or 6 was established to be the same as that of 1 by the similarity of their electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. In view of the marked antiviral activity of 6, its structure was modified via hydrolysis with alkaline KOH, esterification with diazomethane and various organic acids, and oximization with hydroxyamine. Finally, 18 derivatives, viz. 7–10, 8a–8i, 9a–9b, and 10a–10c, were obtained. In vitro antiviral activities of these derivatives against human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) and influenza A virus (IAV) were evaluated. Most notably, 8i exhibited marked inhibitory activity against HIV-1 with an IC50 value of 15.98 ± 6.87 μM and a CC50 value greater than 100.0 μM; whereas 10b showed significant inhibitory activity against IAV with an IC50 value of 14.02 ± 3.54 μM and a CC50 value greater than 100.0 μM.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-3397
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/md16110434
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175190-0
    SSG: 15,3
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